Purpose: This study investigated the effect of practice of donning and doffing level D personal protective equipment (PPE) based on augmented reality (AR) on the knowledge and performance confidence, practical immersion, practical satisfaction, and practical experience of nursing students. Methods: This mixed-method study included 28 participants in the experimental group and 28 in the control group in C city. The intervention in the experimental group was practice of donning and doffing level D PPE based on AR and the control group received video-based training. Quantitative data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS program, and qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. Results: There were significant differences in performance confidence (t=3.17, p=.002) and practice satisfaction (z=-2.13, p=.033), but not in knowledge (z=-0.90, p=.366) and practice immersion (t=1.71, p=.093) regarding PPE. In the experience of nursing students who participated in AR-based practice, the facilitating factors were “good concentration in practice,” “can use the technology accurately,” “the skills remain in memory for a long time,” and “the practice was interesting and fun.” The obstacles to AR-based practice were “using smart glasses to watch AR content was uncomfortable” and “it was difficult to adapt to AR-based content.” Conclusion Based on the results of this study, we suggest applying AR-based practice in practical education to increase nursing students' performance confidence and practice satisfaction.

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of practice of donning and doffing level D personal protective equipment (PPE) based on augmented reality (AR) on the knowledge and performance confidence, practical immersion, practical satisfaction, and practical experience of nursing students. Methods: This mixed-method study included 28 participants in the experimental group and 28 in the control group in C city. The intervention in the experimental group was practice of donning and doffing level D PPE based on AR and the control group received video-based training. Quantitative data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS program, and qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. Results: There were significant differences in performance confidence (t=3.17, p=.002) and practice satisfaction (z=-2.13, p=.033), but not in knowledge (z=-0.90, p=.366) and practice immersion (t=1.71, p=.093) regarding PPE. In the experience of nursing students who participated in AR-based practice, the facilitating factors were “good concentration in practice,” “can use the technology accurately,” “the skills remain in memory for a long time,” and “the practice was interesting and fun.” The obstacles to AR-based practice were “using smart glasses to watch AR content was uncomfortable” and “it was difficult to adapt to AR-based content.” Conclusion Based on the results of this study, we suggest applying AR-based practice in practical education to increase nursing students' performance confidence and practice satisfaction.

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of practice of donning and doffing level D personal protective equipment (PPE) based on augmented reality (AR) on the knowledge and performance confidence, practical immersion, practical satisfaction, and practical experience of nursing students. Methods: This mixed-method study included 28 participants in the experimental group and 28 in the control group in C city. The intervention in the experimental group was practice of donning and doffing level D PPE based on AR and the control group received video-based training. Quantitative data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS program, and qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. Results: There were significant differences in performance confidence (t=3.17, p=.002) and practice satisfaction (z=-2.13, p=.033), but not in knowledge (z=-0.90, p=.366) and practice immersion (t=1.71, p=.093) regarding PPE. In the experience of nursing students who participated in AR-based practice, the facilitating factors were “good concentration in practice,” “can use the technology accurately,” “the skills remain in memory for a long time,” and “the practice was interesting and fun.” The obstacles to AR-based practice were “using smart glasses to watch AR content was uncomfortable” and “it was difficult to adapt to AR-based content.” Conclusion Based on the results of this study, we suggest applying AR-based practice in practical education to increase nursing students' performance confidence and practice satisfaction.

Background: and Purpose To evaluate the outcome events and bleeding complications of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline-matched oral anticoagulant therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke and AF from a nationwide multicenter registry (Korean ATrial fibrillaTion EvaluatioN regisTry in Ischemic strOke patieNts [K-ATTENTION]) between January 2013 and December 2015 were included in the study. Patients were divided into the ESC guideline-matched and the non-matched groups. The primary outcome was recurrence of any stroke during the 90-day follow-up period. Secondary outcomes were major adverse cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events, ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, acute coronary syndrome, allcause mortality, and major hemorrhage. Propensity score matching and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of the treatments administered. Results: Among 2,321 eligible patients, 1,126 patients were 1:1 matched to the ESC guidelinematched and the non-matched groups. As compared with the non-matched group, the ESC guideline-matched group had a lower risk of any recurrent stroke (1.4% vs. 3.4%; odds ratio [OR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18 to 0.95). The risk of recurrent ischemic stroke was lower in the ESC guideline-matched group than in the non-matched group (0.9% vs. 2.7%; OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.88). There was no significant difference in the other secondary outcomes between the two groups. Conclusions ESC guideline-matched oral anticoagulant therapy was associated with reduced risks of any stroke and ischemic stroke as compared with the non-matched therapy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: An association between obesity and erosive esophagitis has been reported, but the effects of sarcopenia and obesity on erosive esophagitis are unknown. This study examined the relationship between obesity, sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and erosive esophagitis in a large population of asymptomatic men and women.METHODS: This study analyzed 32,762 subjects who underwent a comprehensive health check-up, which included upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, from August 2006 to December 2011 by a cross-sectional study. Sarcopenia was defined as a decrease in the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM)/body weight value of two SD or more below the normal means for a younger reference group.RESULTS: The study was carried out on four groups according to obesity and sarcopenic status: normal, obesity, sarcopenic, and sarcopenic obese group. In a multivariable model, the risk of erosive esophagitis was higher in the obese (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.35, 95% CI 1.22–1.49), sarcopenic (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.40–3.19), and sarcopenic obese groups (aOR 1.54, 95% CI 1.27–1.87) than in the normal group. The risk of erosive esophagitis was higher in the sarcopenic and sarcopenic obese groups than the obese group; the ORs were 1.63 (95% CI 1.08–2.47) and 1.22 (95% CI 1.01–1.46), respectively. In dose-response analysis, increasing sarcopenia severity showed a positive and graded relationship with the overall, Los Angeles (LA)-B or higher grade, and LA-C erosive esophagitis.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that sarcopenia is strongly and progressively associated with erosive esophagitis.

PURPOSE: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) elicits cartilage and subchondral bone defects. Growth hormone (GH) promotes chondrocyte growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular injections of GH to treat TMJ-OA.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) was used to induce OA in the TMJs of rats. After confirming the induction of OA, recombinant human GH was injected into the articular cavities of rats. Concentrations of GH and IGF-1 were measured in the blood and synovial fluid, and OA grades of cartilage and subchondral bone degradation were recorded by histological examination and micro-computed tomography.RESULTS: MIA-induced OA in the rat TMJ upregulated insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) rather than GH levels. GH and IGF-1 concentrations were increased after local injection of GH, compared with controls. Locally injected GH lowered osteoarthritic scores in the cartilage and subchondral bone of the TMJ.CONCLUSION: Intra-articular injection of GH improved OA scores in rat TMJs in both cartilage and subchondral bone of the condyles without affecting condylar bone growth. These results suggest that intra-articular injection of human GH could be a suitable treatment option for TMJ-OA patients in the future.

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown relatively low correlations between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed physical activity (PA). However, this association differs by socio-demographic factors, and this relationship has not been fully investigated in the general population. Thus, we investigated the correlation between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed PA and whether it differed by demographic and socioeconomic factors among the Korean general population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 623 participants (203 men and 420 women) aged 30 to 64 years, who completed a PA questionnaire and wore a wrist-worn accelerometer on the non-dominant wrist for 7 days. We examined the agreement for metabolic equivalent task minutes per week (MET-min/wk) between the 2 measures and calculated Spearman correlation coefficients according to demographic and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS: The kappa coefficient between tertiles of self-reported and accelerometer-assessed total MET-min/wk was 0.16 in the total population, suggesting overall poor agreement. The correlation coefficient between the 2 measurements was 0.26 (p < 0.001) in the total population, and the correlation tended to decrease with increasing age (p for trend < 0.001) and depression scores (p for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We found a low correlation between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed PA among healthy Korean adults, and the correlation decreased with age and depression score. When studying PA using accelerometers and/or questionnaires, age and depression need to be considered, as should differences between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed PA.
Adult* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Metabolic Equivalent ; Motor Activity* ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Wrist

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown relatively low correlations between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed physical activity (PA). However, this association differs by socio-demographic factors, and this relationship has not been fully investigated in the general population. Thus, we investigated the correlation between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed PA and whether it differed by demographic and socioeconomic factors among the Korean general population.METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 623 participants (203 men and 420 women) aged 30 to 64 years, who completed a PA questionnaire and wore a wrist-worn accelerometer on the non-dominant wrist for 7 days. We examined the agreement for metabolic equivalent task minutes per week (MET-min/wk) between the 2 measures and calculated Spearman correlation coefficients according to demographic and socioeconomic factors.RESULTS: The kappa coefficient between tertiles of self-reported and accelerometer-assessed total MET-min/wk was 0.16 in the total population, suggesting overall poor agreement. The correlation coefficient between the 2 measurements was 0.26 (p < 0.001) in the total population, and the correlation tended to decrease with increasing age (p for trend < 0.001) and depression scores (p for trend < 0.001).CONCLUSION: We found a low correlation between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed PA among healthy Korean adults, and the correlation decreased with age and depression score. When studying PA using accelerometers and/or questionnaires, age and depression need to be considered, as should differences between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed PA.
Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Metabolic Equivalent ; Motor Activity ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Wrist

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown relatively low correlations between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed physical activity (PA). However, this association differs by socio-demographic factors, and this relationship has not been fully investigated in the general population. Thus, we investigated the correlation between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed PA and whether it differed by demographic and socioeconomic factors among the Korean general population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 623 participants (203 men and 420 women) aged 30 to 64 years, who completed a PA questionnaire and wore a wrist-worn accelerometer on the non-dominant wrist for 7 days. We examined the agreement for metabolic equivalent task minutes per week (MET-min/wk) between the 2 measures and calculated Spearman correlation coefficients according to demographic and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS: The kappa coefficient between tertiles of self-reported and accelerometer-assessed total MET-min/wk was 0.16 in the total population, suggesting overall poor agreement. The correlation coefficient between the 2 measurements was 0.26 (p < 0.001) in the total population, and the correlation tended to decrease with increasing age (p for trend < 0.001) and depression scores (p for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSION We found a low correlation between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed PA among healthy Korean adults, and the correlation decreased with age and depression score. When studying PA using accelerometers and/or questionnaires, age and depression need to be considered, as should differences between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed PA.