Objective Acute lung injury induced by variety causes can be reduced by mesenchymal stem cells.Some studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have similar features with mesenchymal stem cell,but its role in acute lung injury is less studied.The study was to investigate the protective role and underlying mechanisms of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-DEs) on smoke inhalation injury (SⅡ) in rats.Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups:normal control group,smoke inhalation injury (SⅡ) model group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-DEs) treated group.12 h after establishing the SⅡ model,BMSC-DEs treated group was injected with 0.5 mL BMSC-DEs (derived from 4× 106 BMSCs),and normal control group and SⅡ model group were injected with equivalent volume of normal saline.7 days later,samples were collected.The histopathologic changes of lung were observed after HE staining;BCA was used to test the amounts of total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF);Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to test the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in the lung tissue;Immunohistochemical was used to test the levels of pulmonary surfactant protein C(SP-C).Results The BALF levels of total protein of SⅡ group was significantly higher than those of normal control group (P＜0.01) and BMSC-DEs groups(P＜0.05);Compared with normal group [(0.164±0.021) ng/L],the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α of SII and BMSC-DEs groups [(0.355±0.106)、(0.234±0.024) ng/L] (P＜ 0.05) were significantly higher,and SⅡ group was higher than that of BMSC-DEs group(P＜0.01);Compared with normal group,the KGF protein expression level in lung tissue of SⅡ group was significantly lower (P＜0.05),but BMSC-DEs group was higher (P＜0.05).BMSC-DEs group was higher than SⅡ group (P＜0.01);Immunohistochemistry showed that the SP-C expression level in lung tissue of SⅡ group was significantly lower than those of other groups (P＜0.05).There was no statistically difference between BMSC-DEs group and control group (P＞0.05).Conclusion BMSC-DEs has a protective effect of smoke inhalation injury rats,the underlying mechanism may be related to BMSC-DEs to reduce inflammation and promote restoration of the alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Lonicera similes Hemsl.METHODS The 80％ ethanol extract from L.similes was isolated and purified by silica,antiphase silica and polyamide column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated and identified as amentoflavone (1),luteolin (2),rutin (3),oleanolic acid (4),chlorogenic acid (5),aesculetin (6),inositol (7),glucose (8),β-sitosterol (9).CONCLUSION Compounds 1,3,4,6,7,8 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective To analyze the status of quality indicators(QI) on specimen acceptability and establish preliminary qual ity specification.Methods Web based External Quality Assessment system was used to collect data of laboratories partici pated in "Medical quality control indicators in clinical laboratory" from 2015 to 2017,including once in 2015 and 2017 and twice in 2016.Rate and sigma scales were used to evaluate incorrect sample type,incorrect sample container,incorrect fill level and anticoagulant sample clotted.The 25th percentile (P25) and 75th percentile (P75) of the distribution of each QI were employed to establish the high,medium and low specification.Results 5 346,7 593,5 950 and 6 874 laboratories sub mitted the survey results respectively.The P50 of biochemistry (except incorrect fill level),immunology and microbiology reach to 6σ.The P50 of clinical laboratory is 4 to 6σ except for incorrect sample container.There is no significant change of the continuous survey results.Based on results in 2017 to establish the quality specification,the P25 and P75 of the four QIs is 0 and 0.084 4 ％,0 and 0.047 6 ％,0 and 0.114 2 ％,0 and 0.078 4 ％,respectively.Conclusion According to the results of the survey,most laboratories had a faire performance in biochemistry,immunology and microbiology,and clinical laboratory needs to be strengthened.Laboratories should strengthen the laboratory information system construction to ensure the actual and reliable data collection,and make a long time monitoring to achieve a better quality.

Objective To investigate the expression of TRIM28 and p16 in esophageal squamous cell car-cinoma(ESCC)and explore the possible correlation with them and clinicopathological characteristics. Methods The expression level of TRIM28 and p16 were measured by immunohistochemistry S-P in 136 cases with ESCC and 37 cases with normal esophageal mucosa,selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University De-partment of Pathology.The relationship between them and the clinical-pathological features was also analyzed.The localization of TRIM28 and p16 protein in ESCC was detected by immunofluorescence. Results(1)The positive rates of TRIM28 and p16 in ESCC were 91.2%and 32.4%,respectively,whereas in normal esophageal mucosa the corresponding rates were 24% and 57%,respectively.(2)Immunofluorescence results showed that TRIM28 and p16 protein were all mainly distributed in the nucleus of ESCC.(3)The abnormal expression of TRIM28 and p16 protein were all related to the invasion depth,TNM staging and lymph node metastasis in ESCC(P < 0.05).(4) The expression of TRIM28 was negatively correlated to the expression of p16 in ESCC(r =-0.284,P = 0.001). Conclusions The abnormal expression of TRIM28 and p16 may have synergistic effect on the initiation and devel-opment of ESCC.Co-detection of the expression of them may be useful for diagnosis of ESCC and guiding the clini-cal therapy.

Objective:To study the potential effects of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) on clinical efficacy,oral mucosa reaction and immunological foundation;and to explore the effect of immunological changes on clinical efficacy and oral mucosa reaction in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods:A total of 200 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma,who came from First Department of Nasopharyngeal Radiotherapy,the First People's Hospital of Foshan from October 2008 to November 2011,were selected.The patients were treated with nasopharyngeal radiotherapy,and divided into an observation group and a control group (n=100 in each group).The control group underwent common conventional two-dimensional radiotherapy treatment,while the observation group underwent IMRT.The 5-year survival rates and recurrence rates were recorded at follow-up.After the radiotherapy,the oral mucosa in the patients were evaluated by the classification standard of acute radioactive mucositis by American Radiotherapy Oncology Group (RTOG),and the number of T lymphocyte subsets before and after treatment was detected.Results:There were significant difference in non-regional-recurrence survival rate,disease-free survival rate,local recurrence rate between the above 2 groups (all P＜0.05),but no significant difference in the distant metastasis-free survival rate (P＞0.05).The acute oral mucosa reactions of grade 1,2,3,4 in the control group were 8.00％,20.00％,12.00％,7.00％,respectively,and those were 7.00％,22.00％,15.00％,1.00％ respectively.There was no significant difference in the acute response of oral mucosa in grade 1,2 and 3 in the 2 groups (all P＞0.05),but there was significant difference in the grade 4 (P＜0.05).There were significantly difference in CD8+,CD4+/CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets before and after treatment in the above 2 groups (all P＜0.01);there were also significantly difference after treatment between the observation group and the control group (all P＜0.01).Conclusion:In the process of treatment in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma,the use of IMRT on the basis of chemotherapy is more effective than the conventional two-dimensional radiotherapy,which can reduce the proportion of grade 4 (severe) acute oral mucosa reaction.It may be related to the protective effect of IMRT on immune function in the patients.

Objective To evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and influence factors of cefathiamidine against clinical isolates from recent years in China.Methods MIC were tested by two fold agar dilution method.The effect of various experimental conditions (such as inoculation quantity,pH value of medium,percentage of serum)on MIC of cefathiamidine was evaluated.Results A total of 794 clinical strains were tested and cefathiamidine had showed excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacterial.The MIC90 of cefathiamidine against methicillin-susceptible S.aureus (MSSA) and S.epidermidis (MSSE)were 0.50,0.12 mg · L-1,respectively.The MIC90 values of cefathiami-dine had against penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae (PSSP) and peni-cillin-nonsusceptible S.pneumoniae(PNSSP) were 0.12 mg· L-1 and not more than 1 mg · L-1,respectively.Against S.pyogenes,the MIC90 was 8 μg · L-1.The MIC90 of cefathiamidine against ampicillin-susceptible E.faecalis and E.faecium were 1,16 mg · L-1,respectively.The MIC90 of cefathiamidine against ampicillin-susceptible Haemophilus spp.and Moraxella catarrhalis were not more than 4 mg L-1 Cefathiamidine also had some antibacterial activity against gram-positive anaerobia.The factors including inoculation quantity,pH value of medium and percentage of serum had no effect on MIC values.Conclusion Cefathiamidine exhibited good activity against gram-positive bacterial including Enterococcus spp..

Objective To evaluate in vitro synergy between palmatine and commonly used antibiotic against main clinical isolated strains in recent three years.Methods All of 118 strains isolated in recent three years and 2 standard strains were studied.Minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) were tested by agar dilution method and combination effects were measured by checkerboard method.Results Palmatine showed moderate in vitro activity against Staphylococcus.Synergy was detected with palmatine in combination with levofloxacin against gram-positive and negative strains,though synergistic rate less than 20％.Synergy was not show between palmatine and linezolid.Additive effect was found widely between palmatine and two agents against almost all tested species.Conclusion The results of in vitro synergy tests may be different sometimes on account of various strains,methods,etc.So,more deeper understanding of action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine and correlation between in vitro test and clinical outcomes will help medical to select antibiotic more suitablly.

Neurotoxicity is one common adverse effect caused by many drugs or compounds.In the early phase of new drug development,it is necessary to screen for neurotoxicants.Neurotoxicity studies in nonhuman primates (NHP) are used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of small-molecule drugs or vaccines that may affect the nervous system across the blood-brain barrier during preclinical safety assessment.Toxicologic pathological evaluation or neuropathological examination is the "gold standard" for the evaluation of drug neurotoxicity in preclinical drug safety studies.In this paper,the majory factors influencing the quality of neuropathology evaluation in toxicology,including the general strategy of neuropathology evaluation,the optimal timing of evaluation,the specific blood-brain barrier in the nervous system,the method of sampling in the histopathology of nerve tissue,and the interference of artificial artifacts in diagnosis of neuropathology,were detailly analyzed in order to provide a reference for setting guidelines of neurotoxicity risk assessment in China and pathologists and toxicologists engaged in nonclinical neurotoxicity studies.

Objective To investigate the metabolic effects of glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide receptor antagomst pro3 (GIP) in induced diabetes mice about blood glucose,triglyceride,cholesterol,leptin and fatty issue.Methods 27 C57 mice were randomly divided into normal group and diabetes mice group,and the mice in diabetes group were fed with high fat food and intraperitoneal injected streptozocin.Then 1 mouse that random blood giucose lower than 16.9 mmol/L was deleted in diabetes group.The rest mice in diabetes group were divided into two groups,diabetes control group,pro3 (GIP) group.Pro3 (GIP) group was given drug pro3 (GIP).The bloodglucose and glucose tolerance were measured.After treatment for 6 weeks,all mice were sacrificed and fatty tissues were collected.Results After 6 weeks,the blood glucose of the pro3 (GIP) group was obviously lower than diabetes control group (t=8.43,P＜0.01),and insulin levers in 0,30,60 and 120 min were obviously lower than diabetes control group (t =3.90,2.60,6.88 and 3.33,P＜0.05).There was significant difference between pro3 (GIP) group and diabetes control group about inflammatory cells.Moreover,leptin in pro3 (GIP) group was obviously lower than in diabetes control group (t =5.04,P＜0.01),but triglyceride,cholesterol,and adiponectin had no significant difference between two groups.Conclusion Pro3 (GIP) can significantly reduce blood glucose,insulin level,leptin of diabetes mice,and attenuate the inflammatory cells infiltration in fatty issue.