Calcium-based biomaterials have been intensively studied in the field of drug delivery owing to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Calcium-based materials can also deliver contrast agents, which can enhance real-time imaging and exert a Ca²⁺-interfering therapeutic effect. Based on these characteristics, amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), as a brunch of calcium-based biomaterials, has the potential to become a widely used biomaterial. Highly functional ACC can be either discovered in natural organisms or obtained by chemical synthesis However, the standalone presence of ACC is unstable in vivo. Additives are required to be used as stabilizers or core-shell structures formed by permeable layers or lipids with modified molecules constructed to maintain the stability of ACC until the ACC carrier reaches its destination. ACC has high chemical instability and can produce biocompatible products when exposed to an acidic condition in vivo, such as Ca²⁺ with an immune-regulating ability and CO₂ with an imaging-enhancing ability. Owing to these characteristics, ACC has been studied for self-sacrificing templates of carrier construction, targeted delivery of oncology drugs, immunomodulation, tumor imaging, tissue engineering, and calcium supplementation. Emphasis in this paper has been placed on the origin, structural features, and multiple applications of ACC. Meanwhile, ACC faces many challenges in clinical translation, and long-term basic research is required to overcome these challenges. We hope that this study will contribute to future innovative research on ACC.

Glioma is the most common primary central nervous system tumor,mainly derived from glial cells,with strong invasiveness,easy recurrence,and poor prognosis.Glioblastoma is a high-grade glioma with the highest degree of malignancy.The clinical treatment method is mainly surgical resection,supplemented by compre-hensive treatment such as radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and electric field therapy,but the treatment effect is not satisfactory.In recent years,with the rapid development of the field of tumor immunotherapy,CD73 is a novel immune checkpoint related to adenosine metabolism,which can promote tumor progression by inhibiting anti-tumor immune responses and promoting angiogenesis.This article systematically reviews the mechanism of action of CD73 and discusses its biological role and application in glioma,aiming to provide potential treatment options for glioma patients.

Objective:To research the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (MT-COI) gene methylation levels in patients with occupational chronic benzene poisoning, and to explore effective molec μlar biomarkers in patients with occupational chronic benzene poisoning.Methods:38 confirmed cases of occupational chronic benzene poisoning were selected in the case group. 46 healthy people who underwent physical in our hospital were selected in the control group. Pyrosequencing was used to detect the methylation sites of methylation sites, flow cytometry was used to detect peripheral blood cell count levels, and non-parametric statistical methods were used to analyze the differences in detection results between the two groups.Results:The methylation level of mitochondrial MT-COI site 1 (2.21±0.81) % in the case group was less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The methylation level of mitochondrial MT-COI site 2 (2.31±0.96%) in the case group was less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The methylation average level of mitochondrial MT-COI (2.26±0.75) % in the case group was less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Analysis of the average level of methylation found that the methylation level of mitochondrial MT-COI was correlated with WBC ( P<0.05) . Analysis of the average level of methylation found that the methylation level of mitochondrial MT-COI was correlated with platelets ( r=0.254、0.280, P<0.05) . Conclusion:The level of mitochondrial MT-COI gene methylation in patients with occupational chronic benzene poisoning may be related to the sensitivity to benzene exposure. Mitochondrial MT-COI gene methylation may serve as a potential predictive biomarker for benzene poisoning.

Objective:To research the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (MT-COI) gene methylation levels in patients with occupational chronic benzene poisoning, and to explore effective molec μlar biomarkers in patients with occupational chronic benzene poisoning.Methods:38 confirmed cases of occupational chronic benzene poisoning were selected in the case group. 46 healthy people who underwent physical in our hospital were selected in the control group. Pyrosequencing was used to detect the methylation sites of methylation sites, flow cytometry was used to detect peripheral blood cell count levels, and non-parametric statistical methods were used to analyze the differences in detection results between the two groups.Results:The methylation level of mitochondrial MT-COI site 1 (2.21±0.81) % in the case group was less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The methylation level of mitochondrial MT-COI site 2 (2.31±0.96%) in the case group was less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The methylation average level of mitochondrial MT-COI (2.26±0.75) % in the case group was less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Analysis of the average level of methylation found that the methylation level of mitochondrial MT-COI was correlated with WBC ( P<0.05) . Analysis of the average level of methylation found that the methylation level of mitochondrial MT-COI was correlated with platelets ( r=0.254、0.280, P<0.05) . Conclusion:The level of mitochondrial MT-COI gene methylation in patients with occupational chronic benzene poisoning may be related to the sensitivity to benzene exposure. Mitochondrial MT-COI gene methylation may serve as a potential predictive biomarker for benzene poisoning.

The pathogenesis of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is still unclear.Although OAB is defined as " overactive bladder" , the lesion is not confined to the bladder, studies have been showed that urethral instability (URI) can also induce symptom of OAB.The author has observed 146 children with OAB and found that URI is one of the causes of OAB, and also has a significant effect on the treatment of OAB.Recently, the role of URI played in OAB has gradually been emphasized, however, the research of URI is still controversial.At present, the first-line treatment of OAB is mainly anticholinergic drugs for the detrusor overactivity, and lack of diagnosis and related treatment mea-sures in urethral dysfunction.The updated progress of URI in children with OAB were summarized in this review.

Objective: To analyze the blood pressure changes of adults aged 18-59 years in rural area of Shanxi province based on a cohort study, and provide reference for the study of the blood pressure level of rural residents and hypertension prevention and control in rural areas in China. Methods: Data were obtained from Shanxi Nutrition and Chronic Disease Family Cohort from 2002 to 2015. Subjects aged <18 years or ≥60 years and individuals with hypertension at baseline survey in 2002, and those who had taken antihypertensive drugs for nearly two weeks during the follow-up survey in 2015 were excluded from the study. A total of 1 629 subjects aged 18-59 years were included in the analyses of the blood pressure level and its change from the baseline survey in 2002 to follow-up survey in 2015. Results: The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the subjects increased from (122.7±10.4) mmHg in 2002 to (132.8±17.6) mmHg in 2015 and the diastolic pressure (DBP) increased from (72.7±6.9) mmHg in 2002 to (78.8±10.3) mmHg in 2015. The SBP in men and women increased with growth rates of 6.7% and 9.5%. While DBP in men and women increased with growth rates of 9.3% and 7.8%. The SBP levels of those aged 18-, 30-, 40- and 50-59 years increased with growth rates of 5.0%, 6.7%, 9.4% and 11.8%. While the DBP of these age groups increased with growth rates of 12.2%, 8.2%, 8.2% and 6.5%. Conclusions The blood pressure of adults aged 18-59 years old in rural area of Shanxi showed a substantially increasing trend. The mean increase level of SBP in women was higher than that in men, and increased with age. While the mean increase level of DBP in men is higher than that in women, and decreased with age.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Microvascular invasion (MVI) is an established risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, prediction models that specifically focus on the individual prognoses of HCC patients with MVI is lacking. METHODS: A total of 385 HCC patients with MVI were randomly assigned to training and validation cohorts in a 2:1 ratio. The outcomes were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Prognostic nomograms were established based on the results of multivariate analyses. The concordance index (C-index), calibration plots and Kaplan-Meier curves were employed to evaluate the accuracy, calibration and discriminatory ability of the models. RESULTS: The independent risk factors for both DFS and OS included age, tumor size, tumor number, the presence of gross vascular invasion, and the presence of Glisson's capsule invasion. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was another risk factor for OS. On the basis of these predictors, two nomograms for DFS and OS were constructed. The C-index values of the nomograms for DFS and OS were 0.712 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.679 to 0.745; p<0.001) and 0.698 (95% CI, 0.657 to 0.739; p<0.001), respectively, in the training cohort and 0.704 (95% CI, 0.650 to 0.708; p<0.001) and 0.673 (95% CI, 0.607 to 0.739; p<0.001), respectively, in the validation cohort. The calibration curves showed optimal agreement between the predicted and observed survival rates. The Kaplan-Meier curves suggested that these two nomograms had satisfactory discriminatory abilities. CONCLUSIONS: These novel predictive models have satisfactory accuracy and discriminatory abilities in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients with MVI after hepatectomy.
Calibration ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cohort Studies ; Disease-Free Survival ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nomograms ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistant mechanisms of high level carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection of burn patients .Methods A retrospective study was conducted on totally 18 non-repetitive high level CR-KP which were isolated from burn patients hospitalized between July 2014 and June 2015.MIC of antibiotics were determined by using the GN 13 cards and agar dilution method.The specific PCR and DNA sequence analysis were performed to confirm the β-lactamase type.Plasmid conjugation transfer experiments and southem hybridization were applied to study the mode of carbapenem resistance transmission .Outer membrane proteins ( Omps) were isolated and examined by PCR and ( sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophores ) SDS-PAGE.Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis( PFGE ) and Multilocus sequence typing ( MLST ) was used to determine the genotypes . Results Susceptibility of antimicrobial agents indicated that all these strains with multiple drug resistance . The resistance rate to piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, cefotetan, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, imipenem, and meropenem was 100％ (18/18).Moreover, the resistance rate of CR-KP isolates to amikacin was 72.2％ ( 13/18 ) , compound sulfamethoxazole was 61.1％(11/18), tigecycline was 0％(0/18).Conjugation study with Escherictda coli J53 resulted in the transfer of significant reduced carbapenem susceptibility from donors (MICs increased at least 8-fold).By PCR, eighteen strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae carried NDM-1 gene, 5 strains carried KPC-2 gene.The blaNDM-1 was transferable by plasmids.Southern blot hybridization indicated that the blaNDM-1 gene was located on plasmid in size of 46 kb.The plasmid belonged to incompatibility group IncX 3.Seven types of CR-KP were detected by PFGE.In addition, MLST assigned them to sequence type ( ST)11, ST395, ST17, ST37, ST263, ST14 and ST76 types.SDS-PAGE and ompK35/36 genes sequence analysis of Omp indicated that there was absence of outer membrane proteins OmpK 36 in ST11, ST395, ST37 strains.However, the other STs strains expressed lower quantities of OmpK 36.Conclusions High level carbapenem resistance in K.pneumoniae causing infection in burn patients is attributable to production of plasmid-mediated metallo· β-laetamase NDM-1 combined with porin OmpK36 deficiency or low expression .The K.pneumoniae with NDM-1 and KPC-2 carbapenemase were detected .

Objective To study the effect of xuebijing on the expression of Caspase-3 in lung tissues and inflammatory factors in serum in acute respiratory distress syndrome rat model with paraquat poisoning. Methods Selecting 50 healthy rats and dividing into 5 groups randomly, Control group, Paraquat group, Low-dose xuebijing group(LD), Middle-dose xuebijing group(MD), High-dose xuebijing group(HD). Using 25 mg/kg paraquat solution to establish the animal model. 14 μmol/kg, 28 μmol/kg, 56μmol/kg xuebijing solution were injected into the abdominal cavity in LD, MD and HD group respectively, and the same dose of normal saline was injected into Control and Paraquat group. The expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma were detected by ELISA after 24 hours, Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of caspase-3 in the right lung tissue, and TUNEL method was used to detect apoptosis in the right lung tissue. Results The expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma were significantly increased after paraquat poisoning, and expression of Caspase-3 protein was also significantly increased in lung tissue(P<0.01). After different dose of xuebijing treatment, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma and the protein expression of Caspase-3 in lung tissue were much lower than those in Paraquat group, but still higher than those in Control group(P<0.05), the apoptosis levels in MD and HD groupwere much lower than those in Paraquat group(P<0.05). Conclusions Xuebijing can significantly reduce the level of inflammatory factors in plasma, suppress the Caspase-3 protein expression and apoptosis in lung tissue in acute respiratory distress syndrome rat model with paraquat poisoning.

Objective To evaluate the effect of magnetic resonance thoracic ductography (MRTD)in the diagnosis of right thoracic duct.Methods MRTD data were analyzed retrospective,and the detection rate of right thoracic duct was summarized and compared with that of lymphoscintigraphy,direct lymphangiography and operation.Results 12 cases of right thoracic duct were detected in 1547 cases of MRTD.The detection rate was 0.78%,in which 1 case was complied with total internal organs inversion,and 1 case with right aortic arch.Lymphoscintigraphy were performed in all 12 cases and right thoracic duct were detected in 4 cases.Direct lymphangiography were performed in 4 cases and right thoracic duct were observed in all of them.7 cases of them received right lum-bar duct adhesiolysis.Conclusion MRTD is a noninvasive method for diagnosis of right thoracic duct,which providing useful guid-ance for surgical operation.Its detection rate and diagnostic accuracy are higher than those of lymphoscintigraphy.