Objective To design and test the reliability and validity of patient admission nursing assessment sheet of integrated Chinese and westem medicine ward.Methods On the basis of literature research,with traditional Chinese medicine"look,hear,ask and pulse-taking"as the basic framework,physical discrimination as the evaluation outcome,combined with the general nursing evaluation points of patients admitted to hospital,we designed the patient admission nursing assessment sheet of integrated Chinese and westem medicine ward,and then we adopted the Delphi method to conduct an inquiry on the draft of the admission sheet.In April 2022,3 clinical nurses were selected to evaluate 160 admitted patients from Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Department of a tertiary A comprehensive hospital in Hubei Province,and Fleiss'Kappa coefficient and content validity coefficient were used to test the reliability and validity.Results The recovery rates of the 2 rounds of expert correspondence questionnaires were 95.45％and 100％.The authority coefficients were 0.931 and 0.957;the Kendall harmony coefficients were 0.101 and 0.106(P＜0.01);the importance scores of articles were 4.13～4.82;the coefficient of variation was 0.07～0.19 in 2nd round of expert correspondence.The final nursing assessment list for inpatients in the integrated Chinese and Western medicine ward included 3 parts:general demographic data assessment,four-Chinese medicine diagnosis assessment/physical discrimination,and nursing risk assessment,and there are 32 evaluation contents in the assessment sheet.The Fleiss'Kappa coefficient of this assessment sheet was 0.602(P＜0.001);the item content validity index was 0.857～1.000,and the overall content validity index was 0.920.Conclusion The admission nursing assessment sheet for inpatients in integrated Chinese and Westem medicine wards has good reliability and validity,and it is suitable for the integrated Chinese and Westem medicine wards.

Humans ; Child ; Metabolic Diseases/therapy*

Child ; Humans ; Metabolic Diseases/therapy*

Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) via exposure to pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) is with high mortality and there is no effective treatment in clinics. Bear bile powder (BBP) is a famous traditional animal drug for curing a variety of hepatobiliary diseases such as cholestasis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Here, we aim to evaluate the protective effect of BBP against HSOS induced by senecionine, a highly hepatotoxic PA compound. Our results showed that BBP treatment protected mice from senecionine-induced HSOS dose-dependently, which was evident by improved liver histology including reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and collagen positive cells, alleviated intrahepatic hemorrhage and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, as well as decreased conventional serum liver function indicators. In addition, BBP treatment lowered matrix metalloproteinase 9 and pyrrole-protein adducts, two well-known markers positively associated with the severity of PA-induced HSOS. Further investigation showed that BBP treatment prevents the development of liver fibrosis by decreasing transforming growth factor beta and downstream fibrotic molecules. BBP treatment also alleviated senecionine-induced liver inflammation and lowered the pro-inflammatory cytokines, in which tauroursodeoxycholic acid played an important role. What's more, BBP treatment also decreased the accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids, such as cholic acid, taurocholic acid, glycocholic acid, as well. We concluded that BBP attenuates senecionine-induced HSOS in mice by repairing the bile acids homeostasis, preventing liver fibrosis, and alleviating liver inflammation. Our present study helps to pave the way to therapeutic approaches of the treatment of PA-induced liver injury in clinics.
Animals ; Bile ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism* ; Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease/pathology* ; Inflammation/pathology* ; Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy* ; Mice ; Powders ; Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids/adverse effects* ; Ursidae

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) strategies in COVID-19 patients differ from those in patients suffering from cardiogenic cardiac arrest. During CPR, both healthcare and non-healthcare workers who provide resuscitation are at risk of infection. The Working Group for Expert Consensus on Prevention and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest in COVID-19 has developed this Chinese Expert Consensus to guide clinical practice of CPR in COVID-19 patients. Main recommendations: 1) A medical team should be assigned to evaluate severe and critical COVID-19 for early monitoring of cardiac-arrest warning signs. 2) Psychological counseling and treatment are highly recommended, since sympathetic and vagal abnormalities induced by psychological stress from the COVID-19 pandemic can induce cardiac arrest. 3) Healthcare workers should wear personal protective equipment (PPE). 4) Mouth-to-mouth ventilation should be avoided on patients suspected of having or diagnosed with COVID-19. 5) Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression are recommended. 6) Tracheal-intubation procedures should be optimized and tracheal-intubation strategies should be implemented early. 7) CPR should be provided for 20-30 min. 8) Various factors should be taken into consideration such as the interests of patients and family members, ethics, transmission risks, and laws and regulations governing infectious disease control. Changes in management: The following changes or modifications to CPR strategy in COVID-19 patients are proposed: 1) Healthcare workers should wear PPE. 2) Hands-only chest compression and mechanical chest compression can be implemented to reduce or avoid the spread of viruses by aerosols. 3) Both the benefits to patients and the risk of infection should be considered. 4) Hhealthcare workers should be fully aware of and trained in CPR strategies and procedures specifically for patients with COVID-19.

This study was designed to predict the Q-markers of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium volatile oil and conduct quantitative analysis by GC-MS. The common components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium volatile oil were detected by GC-MS. The network pharmacology approaches were utilized for constructing the component-target network and protein-protein interaction(PPI) network, followed by the GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis to clarify the pharmacological effects of common components. Molecular docking was conducted to observe the biological activities of common components, thus identifying the Q-markers of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium volatile oil. The obtained Q-markers were subjected to quantitative analysis by GC-MS. The GC-MS analysis of 19 batches of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium volatile oil revealed three common components, namely, D-limonene, γ-terpinene, and myrcene. The common components were analyzed based on network pharmacology, and the results showed that Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium volatile oil mainly acted on the core targets GABRA1, GABRA6, GABRA5, GABRA3, and GABRA2 through D-limonene and γ-terpinene, with five important pathways such as nicotine addiction and GABAergic synapse involved. The core targets were mainly distributed in olfactory region, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and amygdala to exert the pharmacological effects. As revealed by molecular docking, D-limonene and γ-terpinene exhibited good biological activities, so they were identified as the Q-markers of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium volatile oil. The results of quantitative analysis showed that the volume fraction of D-limonene was within the range of 0.77-1.03 μL·mL~(-1), and that of γ-terpinene within the range of 0.04-0.13 μL·mL~(-1). The prediction of D-limonene and γ-terpinene as the Q-markers of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium volatile oil has laid an experimental foundation for the establishment of the quality evaluation standard for Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium volatile oil.
Citrus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Network Pharmacology ; Oils, Volatile/pharmacology*

A series of novel pyrano[2, 3-d]trizaole compounds were synthesized and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were evaluated by in vitro enzyme assay. The experimental data demonstrated that compound 10f showed up to 10-fold higher inhibition (IC74.0 ± 1.3 μmol·L) than acarbose. The molecular docking revealed that compound 10f could bind to α-glucosidase via the hydrophobic, π-π stacking, and hydrogen bonding interactions. The results may benefit further structural modifications to find new and potent α-glucosidase inhibitors.

Recently, hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) induced by misuse of Gynura japonica has increased and gained global attention. Large amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are present in G. japonica; these PAs are metabolically activated to generate pyrrole-protein adducts (PPAs). In this study, male SD rats were treated orally with a single dose of G. japonica extract (GJE) at 0.062 5, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 g·kg^-1. Blood was collected from the orbital venous plexus at 2, 12, 24 and 48 h, and at 48 h after treatment the rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and livers were collected for hematoxylin & eosin staining. The kinetics of PPAs at different doses were studied at 10, 20, 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 h, and 48 h, after a single gavage of GJE. The experimental scheme was approved by the ethics committee of animal experiments of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (PZSHUTCM190912019). The concentration of PPAs in serum was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Kinetic data were processed by using the non-compartmental pharmacokinetics data analysis software program PK solutions 2™. The results demonstrate that the concentration of PPAs increased with the dose of GJE and positively correlated with the severity of liver injury. The elimination rate of PPAs in rats was significantly prolonged at higher doses. The level of PPAs and their clearance rate may serve as useful references for the detoxification of PAs-induced injuries.

Polygalae Radix， a traditional Chinese medicine， has the functions of improving intelligence， calming nerves， relieving cough and eliminating phlegm. Its processing methods are various， but the purpose of processing is to reduce toxicity and increase efficiency. In this paper， the methods of ancient processing， such as cleansing， cutting， processing with excipient and processing without excipient， were summarized， the processing methods of Polygalae Radix in the different versions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the local processing specifications were summarized， in order to compare the differences and research progress of different processing methods. On this basis， taking the modern research of processed products of Polygalae Radix as the breakthrough point， this paper reviewed the modern research on processed products of Polygalae Radix from the aspects of processing technology， chemical composition changes and pharmacodynamics changes before and after processing， and the mechanism of reducing toxicity and increasing efficiency. Based on the research status of processing of Polygalae Radix， some existing problems were analyzed in this paper， including not many ancient processing methods used in modern times， lack of standardized research on processing technology， few studies on the ingredients introduced by excipients， etc. The author thinks that it is necessary to strengthen the research on the ancient processing of Polygalae Radix combined with processing methods with local characteristics. While discussing the processing technology， combining with the composition and efficacy， we should carry out in-depth research on the processing mechanism of different processing products of Polygalae Radix， so as to provide scientific basis for the rationality of processing of Polygalae Radix and ensure the clinical safety of medication.

A three-level (provincial, municipal and county levels) schistosomiasis diagnosis network platform had been created in Yunnan Province, and assessment of laboratory quality-control samples and field evaluation of nucleic acid diagnostic techniques and immunodiagnostic reagents had been performed. This paper described the review process of the schistosomiasis diagnosis network laboratory and the operation of schistosomiasis diagnosis network laboratory and analyzed the problems of the schistosomiasis diagnosis network laboratory in Yunnan Province. The establishment of the schistosomiasis diagnosis reference (network) laboratory will provide a strong support for schistosomiasis control in Yunnan Province in the new era.