With the rapid development of network technology， live surgery has become the new way of surgery teaching. However， the issue of patient privacy protection caused by live surgery has received widespread attention. Based on the evolutionary game theory， this paper constructed an evolutionary game model from the three-party perspectives of doctors， patients， and government and analyzed the game behaviors of the three parties in the process of live surgery. Matlab software was utilized to conduct dynamic simulation and numerical simulation analysis. It was found that the factors affecting the choice of doctors’ strategies included protection costs， the cost of privacy leakage， the benefits of protection， high-traffic benefits， and other aspects； the factors affecting the choice of patient strategies encompassed surgical costs， the risk of privacy leakage， additional benefits， and other aspects； the factors affecting the choice of government strategies embodied regulatory costs and the improvement of credibility. To realize a win-win situation among doctors， patients， and the government， the three parties need to work together to ensure that patient privacy is not violated and find a balance between expanding the influence of medical education and protecting patient privacy.

Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic inflammatory diseases that share similar inflammatory mechanisms and characteristics. Programmed cell death (PCD) has recently garnered attention for its crucial role in regulating inflammation and maintaining tissue homeostasis, as well as for its potential to link these two diseases. The various forms of PCD--including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis--are closely controlled by signaling pathways such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) /NF-κB and MAPK. These pathways determine cell fate and influence inflammatory responses, tissue destruction, and repair, and they both play important roles in the pathogenesis of RA and periodontitis. In periodontitis, periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and its virulence factors, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induce pyroptosis and necroptosis in immune cells such as macrophages via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, which leads to an excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Concurrently, these pathogens inhibit the normal apoptotic process of immune cells, such as neutrophils, prolonging their survival, exacerbating immune imbalance, and aggravating periodontal tissue destruction. Similarly, in RA synovial tissue, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) acquire apoptosis resistance through signaling pathways such as the Bcl-2 family, JAK/STAT, and NF-κB, allowing for the consistent proliferation and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, the continuous activation of pyroptotic pathways in neutrophils and macrophages results in the sustained release of IL-1β, further exacerbating synovial inflammation and bone destruction. Notably, dysregulated PCD fosters inter-organ crosstalk through shared inflammatory mediators and metabolic networks. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines that originate from periodontal lesions can spread systemically, influencing cell death processes in synovial and immune cells, thereby aggravating joint inflammation and bone erosion. By contrast, systemic inflammation in RA can upregulate osteoclastic activity or interfere with the normal apoptosis of periodontal cells via TNF-α and IL-6, ultimately intensifying periodontal immune imbalance. This review highlights the pivotal bridging role of PCD in the pathogenesis of both periodontitis and RA, providing a reference for therapeutic strategies that target cell death pathways to manage and potentially mitigate these diseases.

ObjectiveTo understand the current situation of medical damage liability disputes involving breach of the duty to inform in China， analyze the factors influencing the types of medical staff’s breach of the duty to inform， and explore the notification problems of medical staff in clinical practice. On these foundations， suggestions were proposed to improve the performance of the duty to inform and reduce medical disputes. MethodsUsing public cases from the China Judgements Online as the data source， the relationship between risk points and types of breach of duty to inform was analyzed using the Chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the influencing factors of the types of breach of the duty to inform， and qualitative research summarized the specific contents of breach of the duty to inform. ResultsThere were differences in the effects of factors， including whether the patient was hospitalized， whether surgery was performed， whether Intensive Care Unit （ICU） treatment was required， the level of the medical institution， and whether a consultation occurred， on the types of breach of the duty to inform （P<0.05）. Whether surgery was performed was an influencing factor for the types of breach of the duty to inform. Qualitative research showed that the contents of breach of duty to inform primarily involve risk， treatment plan， and deficiencies in disease notification. ConclusionStrengthening the performance of the medical staff’s duty to inform should mainly focus on the medical side， coordinating with multiple parties and taking measures to improve the performance of the duty to inform， to reduce unnecessary medical disputes.

Based on commonly used acupoints in the clinical acupuncture treatment of functional dyspepsia （FD）， this study systematically analyzes the therapeutic differences and synergistic effects between local and distal point selection. It also examines the suitability of primary acupoint selection for different FD subtypes， postprandial distress syndrome （PDS） and epigastric pain syndrome （EPS）. The findings suggest that a combination of local and distal acupoints may be more appropriate as primary points for PDS， whereas local acupoints alone may be more suitable for EPS. Additionally， the study explores the impact of various factors， such as stimulation techniques， needling order， intensity or stimulation parameters， and depth， on the efficacy of acupuncture. It concludes that the intrinsic properties of acupoints are the primary determinants of therapeutic direction. Other factors mainly influence the magnitude rather than the direction of the effect. Future research may further investigate how different acupoint combinations， local versus distal， affect the treatment outcomes of FD subtypes， providing new insights for clinical acupuncture prescriptions.

Objective To develop an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） method to simultaneously determine 10 main components, including berberine, phellodendrine, specnuezhenide, mangiferin, loganin, paeoniflorin, geniposide, baicalin, and acteoside in Compound Dihuang oral solution. Methods An UPLC-MS/MS method was established with an ACQUITY UPLC BEH-C18 （2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm）column and mobile phase of 0.1% formic water（A）-methanol solution（B） in a gradient elution manner. The flow rate of mobile phase was 0.2 ml/min.The temperature of column was 30℃. The injection volume was 2 μl. The MS detection was in MRM mode. Results 10 components in Compound Dihuang oral solution had a good linear relationship within their concentration range,and the precision, repeatability, stability and recovery met the requirements. The contents of berberine, phellodendrine, specnuezhenide, mangiferin, loganin, paeoniflorin, geniposide, baicalin, and acteoside in 7 batches of samples were （89.7-95.6） μg/ml, （164.0-177.7） μg/ml, （540.0-610.0） μg/ml, （408.7-429.0） μg/ml, （726.0-825.0） μg/ml, （503.7-572.0） μg/ml, （1380.0-1540.0） μg/ml, （2596.7-2896.7) μg/ml, （4866.7-5520.0) μg/ml, （61.8-67.2) μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion The established method was easy to be repeated and operated. The contents of 10 components in Compound Dihuang oral solution could be determined quickly and accurately, which provided a reference for the quality control of hospital preparation.

In this article,the mechanism of Shanxian Granule in inhibiting liver cancer,lung cancer,sarcoma,melanoma and other tumors was reviewed,with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the clinical research of Shanxian Granules in the treatment of malignant tumors.Shanxian Granule are the pure Chinese medicine preparation for counteracting malignant tumor developed by the Oncology Research Team of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine on the basis of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation and treatment combined with decades of clinical experience as well as the achievements of modern pharmacological research.Shanxian Granule are mainly composed of Crataegi Fructus,Agrimoniae Herba,Panacis Quinquefolii Radix,Curcumae Rhizoma,Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum,Trionycis Carapax,Corydalis Rhizoma,and Polyporus,and have the actions of benefiting qi and nourishing yin,supporting healthy-qi and cultivating the essence,activating blood and removing stasis,and eliminating swelling and counteracting cancer.The compatibility of Shanxian Granule embodies the principle of supporting healthy-qi but avoiding maintaining pathogens,and eliminating pathogens but avoiding injuring healthy-qi.The granules can effectively inhibit the growth and metastasis of liver cancer,lung cancer,sarcoma,melanoma and other tumors both in vivo and in vitro,alleviate the clinical symptoms of tumor patients,and improve their prognosis.The anti-tumor mechanism of Shanxian Granules is related to the enhancement of body immune function,inhibition of tumor cell proliferation,enhancement of tumor cell apoptosis,inhibition of tumor cell invasion and metastasis as well as the tumor angiogenesis.

Objective To analyze the consistency between computer tomography angiography(CTA)and digital subtraction angiography(DSA)in evaluating the global limb anatomic staging system(GLASS)stage of patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia(CLTI).Methods The clinical data of patients with CLTI,who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University of China to receive treatment between January 2017 and December 2020,were retrospectively analyzed.Taking the DSA assessment as the gold standard,the consistency of CTA and DSA in evaluating the GLASS stage of patients with CLTI was analyzed.Results In the assessment of GLASS stage of CLTI,CTA showed strong agreement with DSA.The weighted Kappa coefficient of CTA and DSA for the staging of femoropopliteal segment was 0.798(95％CI=0.722-0.873,P＜0.01),and the weighted Kappa coefficient of CTA and DSA for the staging of infrapopliteal artery segment was 0.785(95％ CI=0.725-0.845,P＜0.0l).For the overall staging of GLASS,the weighted Kappa coefficient of CTA and DSA was 0.832(95％ CI=0.752-0.91 1,P＜0.01).All the above results indicated that a very strong consistency existed between CTA and DSA in evaluating the GLASS stage of patients with CLTI.Conclusion CTA examination of lower limb can accurately evaluate GLASS score and stage of CLTI patient's target lesions,which is helpful in diagnosing lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusion disease as well as in assessing the technical difficulty degree of its revascularization operation.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:300-303)

ATG8-binding proteins play a key role in autophagy, selective autophagy or non-autophagy process by interacting between ATG8 and the ATG8-interacting motif (AIM) or the ubiquitin-interacting motif (UIM). There is great progress of ATG8-binding proteins in yeast and mammalian studies. However, the plant domain is still lagging behind. Therefore, the structure characteristics of plant ATG8 binding protein were firstly outlined. Unlike the single copy of ATG8 gene in yeast, many homologous genes have been identified in plant. The LIR/ AIM-docking site (LDS) of ATG8 protein contains W and L pockets and is responsible for binding to AIM. The ATG8 protein binds to UIM-containing proteins via UIM-docking site (UDS) instead of LDS. UDS is in the opposite position to LDS, so the ATG8 can bind both AIM and UIM proteins. Secondly, the structure and function of ATG8-binding proteins, especially the selective autophagy receptors, were systematically described. The protein NBR1 and Joka2, as proteaphagy receptors, guide ubiquitination protein aggregates to autophagosome for degradation by binding to AIM and ATG8 in Arabidopsis and tobacco, respectively. AtNBR1 also promotes plant immunity by binding the capsid protein of cauliflower mosaic virus and silencing suppressor HCpro of turnip mosaic virus, mediating pathogen autophagy. AtNBR1 still degrades chloroplast by microautophagy under photoinjure or chlorophagy during ibiotic stress. And the protein ORM mediates the degradation of plant immune receptor flagellin sensing 2 (FLS2) through AIM binding to ATG8. Interestingly, ATI1 and ATI2 participate in both chlorophagy and ERphagy. Otherwise, ER membrane protein AtSec62, soluble protein AtC53, and ubiquitin-fold modifier1-specific ligase 1 (UFL1) can be directly bound to ATG8 as ER autophagy receptors. As pexophagy receptor, AtPEX6 and AtPEX10 bind to ATG8 via AIM and participate in pexophagy. RPN10, as a 26S proteasome subunit, whose C-terminal UIM1 and UIM2 bind ubiquitin and ATG8, respectively, mediates the selective autophagy degradation of 26S proteasome inactivation when fully ubiquitinated. Plant-specific mitochondrial localization proteins FCS-like zinc finger (FLZ) and friendly (FMT) may also be mitophagy receptors. CLC2 binds to ATG8 via the AIM-LDS docking site and is recruited to autophagy degradation on the Golgi membrane. The tryptophan-rich sensory protein (TSPO) in Arabidopsis was involved in clearing free heme, porphyrin and plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2;7 (PIP2;7) through the combination of AIM and ATG8. The conformation of GSNOR1 changes during anoxia, exposing the interaction between AIM and ATG8, leading to selective degradation of GSNOR1. At last, the ATG8 binding proteins involved in autophagosome closure, transport and synthetic synthesis was summarized. For example, plant-specific FYVE domain protein required for endosomal sorting 1 (FREE1) is involved in the closure of autophagosomes during nutrient deficiency. Therefore, according to the recent research advances, the structure and function of plant ATG8-binding proteins were systematically summarized in this paper, in order to provide new ideas for the study of plant selective autophagy and autophagy.

【Objective】 To analyze the influence of plasma donation on human total protein level and the impact of different blood collection tubes on total protein level detection. 【Methods】 A total of 1 373 plasma donors from 11 apheresis plasma stations in 6 provinces/autonomous regions from March to April, 2021 were selected. Whole blood was collected by ordinary blood collection tube without anticoagulant, heparin anticoagulant tube and sodium citrate anticoagulant tube, and then respectively divided into serum group, heparin anticoagulant group, and sodium citrate anticoagulant group. After separating serum and plasma, the samples were subjected to total protein detection using the biuret method. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the total protein levels among different tubes. The plasma donors were divided into male group (n=597) and female group (n=776), and the total protein levels between different genders were compared by t test. The plasma donors were divided into Sichuan group, Hubei group and Gansu group according to the region, and the Games-Howell test was used for comparison. 【Results】 The median serum total protein level of 1 373 donors was 73.1g/L, which was consistent with the reference range of 65-85 g/L. The median total protein levels of the serum group, heparin anticoagulant group and sodium citrate anticoagulant group were 73.1g/L, 73.3g/L and 63.8g/L, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). There was statistical significance in total protein level between sodium citrate anticoagulant group and serum group, sodium citrate anticoagulant group and heparin anticoagulant group(P<0.05), but no statistical significance was noticed between serum group and heparin anticoagulant group (P> 0.05). The serum total protein levels of male group and female group were (72.41±5.40)g/L and (73.67±4.95)g/L, reseectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum total protein level in Sichuan group, Hubei group and Gansu group was (73.91±4.29)g/L, (74.17±5.11)g/L and (67.09±3.65)g/L, respectively (P<0.05).The difference between Gansu group and Hubei group, Gansu group and Sichuan group was statistically significant (P<0.05), but no significant difference was noticed between Sichuan group and Hubei group (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Plasma donors who meet the donation criteria will not experience abnormal total protein levels due to regular plasma donation. There were differences in total protein levels among different blood collection tubes, different genders and different regions. The total protein level of females was higher than that of males. The total protein level was the highest in Hubei province, followed by Sichuan and Gansu.Heparin anticoagulant group was the highest, followed by serum group and sodium citrate anticoagulant group.

Objective To evaluate the bioequivalence of the test preparation and reference preparation of azithromycin capsules in healthy Chinese subjects.Methods A total of 48 subjects were enrolled in this study using a randomized,open,two-sequence,cross design.Each subject received a single oral dose of azithromycin capsules test drug(T)or reference drug(R)for 250 mg.The concentrations of azithromycin in plasma were determined by Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer,and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by WinNonlin 8.1 software to evaluate the bioequivalence.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of azithromycin after a single fasting dose of the test drug and the reference drug were as follows:the Cmax were respectively(319.89±127.35)and(330.41±122.11)ng·mL-1;AUC0-192h were respectively(2 423.04±587.15)and(2 489.97±685.73)ng·h·mL-1;AUC0-∞ were respectively(2 753.40±644.96)and(2 851.71±784.05)ng·h·mL-;tmax were respectively(2.60±1.11)and(2.62±1.13)h;t1/2 were respectively(76.76±15.14)and(79.83±17.14)h.The 90％confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios of Cmax,AUC0-192h and AUC0-∞ of T and R were 87.52％-107.18％,91.46％-105.80％and 91.17％-105.06％,respectively.Conclusion The test preparation of azithromycin capsule was bioequivalent to the reference preparation under fasting condition.