Cells undergo glucose metabolism reprogramming under the influence of the inflammatory microenvironment, changing their primary mode of energy supply from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. This process is involved in all stages of inflammation-related diseases development. Glucose metabolism reprogramming not only changes the metabolic pattern of individual cells, but also disrupts the metabolic homeostasis of the body microenvironment, which further promotes aerobic glycolysis and provides favourable conditions for the malignant progression of inflammation-related diseases. The metabolic enzymes, transporter proteins, and metabolites of aerobic glycolysis are all key signalling molecules, and drugs can inhibit aerobic glycolysis by targeting these specific key molecules to exert therapeutic effects. This paper reviews the impact of glucose metabolism reprogramming on the development of inflammation-related diseases such as inflammation-related tumours, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease, and the therapeutic effects of drugs targeting glucose metabolism reprogramming on these diseases.

Objective To investigate the in-hospital screening results of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants and young children in Ili area, and to analyze the risk factors affecting the occurrence of DDH. Methods According to the cluster sampling method 5 536 infants and young children who underwent DDH screening in the pediatric outpatient department and orthopedic outpatient department of our hospital from December 2019 to June 2022 were selected as the research objects. The children who met the diagnostic criteria of DDH were selected as the observation group (n=35), and 100 normal children were selected as the control group. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to determine the independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of DDH in infants. Results Among the 39 cases were positive in primary screening, 35 cases were positive in secondary screening, and the positive rate was 6.32‰ . The results of single factor analysis showed that the proportion of women, second birth and above, caesarean section, breech delivery, family history, high altitude area, living environment room temperature < 18^°C, and leg binding when swaddling in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05) . Logistic regression analysis showed that mode of production, region, room temperature of living environment and swaddling mode were independent risk factors for DDH in infants (P<0.05). Conclusion Caesarean section, high altitude area, living environment room temperature < 18^°C and leg binding in infants are related to the occurrence of DDH in infants, which can provide some reference for clinical screening, diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To clarify the responsibilities and influencing factors of infection control liaison nurses(ICLNs)in general hospitals.Methods Relevant databases were systematically retrieved with scoping review method from establishment to March 18,2023,and the included literatures were reported standardizedly.Results A total of 36 literatures were included in the analysis.Responsibilities of ICLNs included admittance criteria,selec-tion methods,and job responsibilities.Influencing factors of ICLNs included training,empowerment,performance evaluation,continuous improvement measures,and personnel allocation.After the establishment of ICLNs,inci-dence of healthcare-associated infection and detection rate of multidrug-resistant organisms were reduced,compli-ance rate of health care workers'hand hygiene and monitoring rate of hospital environment were improved,and the cleaning and disinfection of hospital environment was standardized.Conclusion ICLNs play a role in preventing and controlling the occurrence of healthcare-associated infection.The management and application should be further standardized and improved,the effectiveness of ICLNs needs to be thoroughly studied,so as to promote the deve-lopment of ICLNs,and improve the quality of healthcare-associated infection management.

Objective To investigate the effects of simvastatin mediated adenylate activated protein kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ-coactivator 1 α(AMPK/PGC-1α)pathway on neural function in rats with Parkinson's disease.Methods Parkinson's disease model was established in SD rats.After successful modeling,they were divided into model group,positive group(1.67 mg·kg-1 metoba),experimental-L group(10 mg·kg-1 simvastatin),experimental-H group(20 mg·kg-1 simvastatin),BML-275 group(20 mg·kg-1 simvastatin+0.25 mg·kg-1 AMPK inhibitor BML-275)and 10 normal rats were selected as control group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect dopamine(DA),3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid(DOPAC),homovanillic acid(HVA),5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT);Western blot was used to detect the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and AMPK/PGC-1α pathway-related proteins;TH expression was detected by immunohistochemistry,malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)were detected by kit.Results The DA of control group,model group,experimental-H group and BML-275 group were(495.63±34.30),(207.53±24.10),(429.39±44.89)and(285.55±20.79)pg·mL-1,respectively;DOPAC were(33.38±2.48),(17.70±1.31),(29.12±1.72)and(20.67±1.45)ng·mL-1,respectively;HVA were(58.75±6.25),(25.27±2.00),(46.16±2.83)and(30.58±1.91)ng·mL-1,respectively;5-HT were(5.62±0.45),(2.37±0.13),(4.42±0.26)and(3.23±0.29)ng·mL-1,respectively;5-HIAA were(11.11±1.08),(3.88±0.30),(7.99±0.63)and(6.04±0.51)ng·mL-1,respectively;p-AMPK protein expression were 0.98±0.06,0.35±0.04,0.80±0.05 and 0.21±0.02,respectively;PGC-1α protein expression were 1.12±0.11,0.40±0.04,0.90±0.08 and 0.58±0.05,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the above indexes between control group and model group,and between model group and experimental-H group and inhibitor group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Simvastatin can improve the neural function of Parkinson's disease rats by regulating AMPK/PGC-1α pathway.

Objective To identify clinical risk factors for early major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) following surgical correction of supravalvar aortic stenosis (SVAS). Methods Patients who underwent SVAS surgical correction between 2002 and 2019 in Beijing and Yunnan Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospitals were included. The patients were divided into a MACEs group and a non-MACEs group based on whether MACEs concurring during postoperative hospitalization or within 30 days following surgical correction for SVAS. Their preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative clinical data were collected for multivariate logistic regression. Results This study included 302 patients. There were 199 males and 103 females, with a median age of 63.0 (29.2, 131.2) months. The incidence of early postoperative MACEs was 7.0% (21/302). The multivariate logistic regression model identified independent risk factors for early postoperative MACEs, including ICU duration (OR=1.01, 95%CI 1.00-1.01, P=0.032), intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (OR=1.02, 95%CI 1.01-1.04, P=0.014), aortic annulus diameter (OR=0.65, 95%CI 0.43-0.97, P=0.035), aortic sinus inner diameter (OR=0.75, 95%CI 0.57-0.98, P=0.037), and diameter of the stenosis (OR=0.56, 95%CI 0.35-0.90, P=0.016). Conclusion The independent risk factors for early postoperative MACEs include ICU duration, intraoperative CPB time, aortic annulus diameter, aortic sinus inner diameter, and diameter of the stenosis. Early identification of high-risk populations for MACEs is beneficial for the development of clinical treatment strategies.

Objective To develop a portable field infusion kit for first aid to meet the treatment requirements in field conditions.Methods The infusion kit had its frame made of third-generation carbon fiber material and was composed of a lid and a body.The lid was equipped with embedded handles on the outer surface,a medicine module consisting of 12 mesh bags on the inner surface and LED lights on the inner and outer front side walls.The kit body had three storage layers in its upper,middle and lower parts,of which the upper layer was for supplies of infusion and hemostatic dressing,the middle layer was for medical instruments and soft bags of liquid for first aid,and the lower layer was for medical waste and sharp instruments,and the bottom of the kit was provided with telescopic drawbars and invisible rollers.Results The first-aid infusion kit facilitated the storage and utilization of kinds of infusion supplies,and lowered time consumption and workloads for transport.Conclusion The first-aid infusion kit gains advantages in reasonable layout,comprehensive functions and convenient operation,and thus is worhty promoting for casualty treatment in field conditions.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(7):115-117]

Objective To investigate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)in patients during the postoperative period following cardiac surgery and to identify its influencing factors.Methods Post-cardiac surgery patients hospitalized during Sep to Nov,2023 were surveyed using questionnaires consisting of a general information questionnaire,PTSD checklist,resilience scale,social support rating scale,anxiety and depression self-rating scale,and simple coping style questionnaire.Then we analyzed the factors influencing PTSD symptoms after cardiac surgery.Results A total of 267 cases were enrolled.The mean PTSD score of the post-cardiac surgery patients was 16.51±12.31,with 29 patients at high risk for developing PTSD.Stepwise regression analysis revealed that low educational level,use of cardiopulmonary bypass,long stay in ICU,high pain scores,low levels of psychological resilience and social support,as well as high depression score were associated with higher PTSD scores in post-cardiac surgery patients(P<0.05).Conclusion The occurrence of PTSD symptoms in patients after cardiac surgery is common and varies in severity.The influencing factors include the patient's educational level,use of extracorporeal circulation during surgery,length of ICU stay,duration of ventilator use,pain,patient's depression score,psychological resilience,and social support.Medical staff should pay more attention to the mental health level of high-risk patients and take targeted intervention measures in a timely manner.

Objective To explore the current status and potential subtypes of frailty among family caregivers of patients with dementia,and to analyze the related influencing factors of different subtypes.Methods Dementia patients and their family caregivers in 8 community health service centers in Shanghai from June to October 2023 were recruited by convenience sampling.General information questionnaire,Tilburg Frailty Indicator(TFI),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview(ZBI),and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)were conducted for investigation.Latent profile analysis was used to explore the potential subtypes of frailty among family caregivers of patients with dementia.The influencing factors associated with the potential subtypes were identified by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 470 family caregivers of patients with dementia were surveyed,and 46.17％of them suffered from frailty.Frailty among family caregivers of patients with dementia can be classified into 3 potential subtypes:comprehensive-low frailty subtype(70.64％),psychosocial-medium frailty subtype(19.57％),and physical-high frailty subtype(9.79％).Family caregivers of patients with dementia who had poor sleep quality and suffered from 2 or more chronic diseases were more likely to be classified into the physical-high frailty subtype(P＜0.05).Family caregivers of patients with dementia who had higher levels of depression,lower mastery levels of caregiving knowledge and skills and spousal caregivers were more likely to be classified into the psychosocial-medium frailty subtype(P＜0.05).Family caregivers of patients with dementia who had higher levels of resilience were more likely to be classified into the comprehensive-low frailty subtype(P＜0.05).Conclusion The incidence of frailty among family caregivers of patients with dementia is at a high level with significant heterogeneity.It is suggested that medical staff should pay attention to the frailty of family caregivers,with a focus on family caregivers in the psychosocial-medium frailty subtype or physical-high frailty subtype,and take timely and targeted interventions according to the characteristics and influencing factors of different subtypes,so as to prevent or delay the occurrence and development of frailty.

Objective:To search, evaluate and integrate the best evidence for early recognition of patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).Methods:With"stroke""cognitive impairment"and"identif"as search terms, according to the 6S evidence resource pyramid model, a top-down systematic retrieval was conducted for literature on early identification of PSCI in UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), National institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), Medlive and other guideline websites, American Stroke Association (ASA), American Heart Association (AHA), European Stroke Organization (ESO), Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (HSFC), Australian Stroke Foundation (ASF), Royal College of Physicians (RCP) and other association networks, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Knowledge Data Service Platform, VIP database, Chinese Biomedical Database, Chinese Medical Journal Full Text Database and other databases. The search time was from the establishment of the databases to February 8, 2024. Two researchers trained in normative evidence-based methodology conducted literature screening, quality evaluation, and independent evidence extraction in accordance with the principle of evidence integration.Results:A total of 21 articles were included, including 1 clinical decision support, 8 guidelines, 3 expert consensus, and 9 systematic reviews. The best evidence summarized included 24 recommendations from 6 aspects, including screening objects, screening timing, screening practitioners, pre-screening assessment, screening tools and post-screening assessment, of which 70.8% was class 2b and above evidence, and 41.7% of the evidence was recommended with strength A.Conclusions:The literature on early identification of PSCI patients is of high quality and high level of evidence. The key to early identification of PSCI patients for medical professionals is to consider individual differences, select appropriate screening tools and conduct cognitive screening as soon as possible.

To investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Yunnan Province, explore its risk factors, and provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). This is a large cross-sectional study, in all, 1 524 DM patients in 16 communities and villages of Yunnan Province who were registered in health service centers were included in this study from August to November 2019. All patients completed a uniform questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, biochemical measurements, and auxiliary examinations. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors of DR. The prevalence rates of DR, mild non-proliferative DR (mild-NPDR), and referable DR (RDR) were 16.0% (244/1 524), 4.5% (69/1 524), and 11.5% (175/1 524), respectively. Glycated hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c)≥7.0% was the risk factor of mild-NPDR ( OR=1.872, 95% CI 1.055-3.323) and RDR ( OR=4.821, 95% CI 2.917-7.969). Blood pressure≥130/80 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) was the risk factor of mild-NPDR ( OR=1.933, 95% CI 1.112-3.358) and RDR ( OR=1.505, 95% CI 1.063-2.130). In Yunnan Province, 16.0% DM patients had accompanying DR, wherein about 71.7% of them required an ophthalmology referral, and the high incidence of RDR in DM patients was associated with poor control of blood glucose and blood pressure.