Implementation Science is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to systematically studying how to effectively translate evidence-based research findings into practical application and implementation. In the health-related context, it focuses on enhancing the efficiency and quality of healthcare services, thereby facilitating the transition from scientific evidence to real-world practice. This article elaborates on Theories, Models, and Frameworks (TMF) within health-related Implementation Science, clarifying their basic concepts and classifications, and discussing their roles in guiding implementation processes. Furthermore, it reviews and prospects current research from three aspects: the constituent elements of TMF, their practical applications, and future directions. Five representative frameworks are emphasized, including the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), the Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM), the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS)framework, the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW), and the Normalization Process Theory (NPT). Additionally, resources such as the Dissemination & Implementation Models Webtool and the T-CaST tool are introduced to assist researchers in selecting appropriate TMFs based on project-specific needs.

Aim To explore the impacts of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) on the phenotypes, endocy-tosis and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/ Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)/P38 mitogen-ac-tivated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in indoxyl sulfate (IS) -induced dendritic cells (DCs). Methods After treatment with 30, 300 and 600 (xmol · L

Tumor is one of the major diseases that endanger people’s health. At present, the treatments used for tumor include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and so on. Nonetheless, the traditional treatments have some disadvantages, such as insufficient treatment effect, liable to cause multidrug resistance, toxicity and side effect. Further research and exploration of tumor treatment schemes are still necessary. As the energy converter of cells, mitochondria are currently considered to be one of the most important targets for the design of new drugs for tumor, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Nano-drug delivery carriers have the characteristics of being easily modified with active targeting groups, and it can achieve accurate targeted drug delivery to cells and organelles. This paper reviews the application of mitochondrial targeted nanoparticles in tumor diagnosis and treatment from the aspects of inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, promoting tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting tumor recurrence and metastasis, and inducing cell autophagy.

Healthy lifestyles and good living habits are effective strategies and important approaches to prevent chronic non-communicable diseases. With the development of evidence-based medicine, the evidence translation system has made some achievements in clinical practice. There is, however, no comprehensive, professional and efficient system for translating lifestyle evidence globally. Therefore, the Health Lifestyle Evidence (HLSE) Group of Lanzhou University constructed the HLSE Evidence Translation System (https://hlse.cn/), with the aim of synthesizing, evaluating, translating, and applying lifestyle-related evidence resources. This paper aims to introduce the functional module design of the evidence translation system, the system development process and testing, introduce the interface design and function demonstration, and explain the significance of constructing the HLSE.

  Objective   To systematically assess the applicability of the clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) integrating Chinese and western medicine, thereby providing reference for enhancing their future usability.   Methods   PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, SinoMed, WanFang Data, and CNKI databases were searched for guidelines for the integration of Chinese and western medicine. Supplementary searches of Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Medicine Administration, MedSci websites, Website of China Association of Chinese Medicine, Medlive, Website of Dangdang, Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine and World Federation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Societies were conducted. The search time frame was from inception of the databases to December 31, 2022. Four reviewers independently evaluated the implementability of clinical practice guidelines by using "Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) implementation evaluation tool".   Results   A total of 61 integrative Chinese and western medicine guidelines were included. Of the guidelines assessed, 9 guidelines(14.75%) exhibited strong implementability, 40(65.57%) demonstrated average implementability, and 12 (19.67%) demonstrated poor implementability. Among the 5 domains, the dimensions of "accessibility" and "implementability" were found to be of high quality, while those of "communication", "ease of identification" and "applicability" were relatively poor. Notably, compared to guidelines published between 2006—2016, those published between 2017—2022 showed improvements in the areas of "identification" and "application".   Conclusions   The implementabilityof the existing clinical practice guidelines of the integrative Chinese and western medicine is average and needs to be improved. In the future, emphasis should be placed on the integration of medical education and research, publicity of the guidelines, continuous medical education and training, a more concise form of recommendations, application of the guidelines by clinicians, and the implementability of the integrative Chinese and western medicine guideline.

Healthy lifestyles and good living habits are effective strategies and important approaches to prevent chronic non-communicable diseases. With the development of evidence-based medicine, the evidence translation system has made some achievements in clinical practice. There is, however, no comprehensive, professional and efficient system for translating lifestyle evidence globally. Therefore, the Health Lifestyle Evidence (HLSE) Group of Lanzhou University constructed the HLSE Evidence Translation System (https://hlse.cn/), with the aim of synthesizing, evaluating, translating, and applying lifestyle-related evidence resources. This paper aims to introduce the functional module design of the evidence translation system, the system development process and testing, introduce the interface design and function demonstration, and explain the significance of constructing the HLSE.

Objective To investigate the causes of abnormal decrease in maximum amplitude(MA)of thromboelastog-raphy(TEG)and its effect on prognosis by monitoring the changes of coagulation-related indexes in emergency trauma pa-tients.Methods A total of 319 cases of trauma patients admitted to our hospital from September 2020 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,and the coagulation-related indexes of 0 h and 24 h after admission were observed.According to the MA results,they were divided into normal MA group(>50 mm)and reduced MA group(≤50 mm)to compare the hemoglobin(Hb),platelets count(Plt),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT),fibrinogen(Fib),thrombin time(TT),D-dimer(D-D),coagulation reaction time(R),clot formation kinetics(Angle),30 min clot dissolution rate(Ly30),MA,thrombine-antithrombin complex(TAT)and plasminase-α2 plasminase inhibitor complex(PIC).The correlation between MA and fibrinolysis indexes in 319 trauma patients was analyzed.According to whether tranexamic acid(TXA)was used,the reduced MA group was divided into a TXA group and a non-drug group.The differ-ences in the change of the above coagulation-related indexes,mortality rate and changes in blood product dosage were com-pared between the two groups.Results Compared with the normal MA group,Hb,Plt,Fib,diastolic blood pressure and GCS scores decreased,while heart rate,ISS score and mortality increased significantly in the reduced MA group(P<0.05).The R,PT and TT were prolonged significantly(P<0.05),and PIC and D-D increased significantly(P<0.05)in the re-duced MA group.Correlation analysis found that MA had no correlation with Ly30,TAT and APTT,but was correlated with Angle(r=0.803),Plt(r=0.544),Fib(r=0.581),PIC(r=-0.443)and D-D(r=-0.343).Compared with the non-drug group,the change of Angle,MA and FIB in the TXA group increased significantly(P<0.05),while the change of PIC de-creased(P<0.05).Cryoprecipitate and platelet transfusion in the TXA group reduced significantly(P<0.05),and red blood cell transfusion had a decreasing trend,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).The mortality rate in the TXA group was reduced significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion Hyperfibrinolysis may be an important factor in the abnormal decrease of MA in emergency trauma patients.Treatment with TXA can improve its effect on MA,and reduce the transfusion of blood products and the patient mortality.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Schisandrin B on myocardial infarction in rats and its mechanism.Methods Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into sham group,model group,positive control group(10 mg·kg-1 captopril),experimental-L group(30 mg·kg-1 schisandrin B)and experimental-H(60 mg·kg-1 schisandrin B)group,with 10 rats in each group.Cardiac function related indexes were detected,serum myocardial injury markers and serum inflammatory factors were detected by the kit,myocardial apoptosis was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)method,and myocardial tissue related protein expression levels were detected by Western blot method.Results Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)levels in sham group,model group,positive control group,experimental-L group and experimental-H group were(78.42±4.32)％,(41.65±2.94)％,(59.76±5.35)％,(49.13±3.92)％and(67.04±3.00)％;the contents of creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB)were(33.95±2.68),(100.51±3.92),(48.27±3.70),(70.34±2.93)and(49.13±3.67)U·mL-1;interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β)levels were(1.02±0.12),(3.02±0.20),(1.61±0.13),(2.33±0.26)and(1.34±0.14)ng·mL-1;TUNEL positive cell rates were(3.47±0.82)％,(31.79±3.68)％,(11.22±1.02)％,(19.74±1.42)％and(14.38±1.13)％;the expression levels of Nod-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)protein were 0.35±0.07,1.04±0.10,0.55±0.05,0.85±0.07 and 0.39±0.06;the protein levels of cysteine aspartic acid specific protease 1(caspase-1)were 0.34±0.05,1.05±0.10,0.50±0.06,0.72±0.05 and 0.46±0.03,respectively.The above indexes were compared between model group and sham group,the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The positive control group,experimental-L group and experimental-H group were compared with model group,the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The difference between experimental-H group and experimental-L group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Schisandrin B can mediate inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis,improve cardiac function,and protect rats with myocardial infarction,which is related to NLRP3 inflammatory pathway.

The presence of 4-aminophenol(4-AP)in wastewater from the pharmaceutical industry is a common occurrence due to its role as a byproduct or intermediate during the hydrolysis process of paracetamol metabolism,resulting in significant water pollution.Therefore,it is crucial to employ a straightforward and reliable analytical approach for detecting 4-AP in the environment.In this study,a specific type of metal-organic framework(MOF)material called[Cd4(ABTC)2(H2O)12]n(SXNU-4-Cd,H4ABTC=3,3′,5,5′-azobenzene tetracarboxylic acid)was successfully synthesized,which exhibited a unique two-dimensional layered structure consisting of three intertwined spiral chains forming a distinctive″twist braid″.These layers underwent π-π stacking,creating three-dimensional channels with azo bonds decorating the channel walls.This p-π interaction significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity of SXNU-4-Cd towards 4-AP,thereby improving its recognition sensitivity.The fabricated SXNU-4-Cd/GCE sensor showed high sensitivity towards 4-AP in the linear concentration range of 0.1-130 μmol/L,with a detection limit of 8.6 nmol/L,and also exhibited good anti-interference capability,reproducibility and stability.The SXNU-4-Cd/GCE sensor was successfully used for detecting 4-AP in lake water sample,with spiked recoveries of 95.9%-102.8%.This study introduced a novel technique that utilized pure Cd-MOFs to develop electrochemical sensor capable of effectively detecting 4-AP in water samples.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Sanjiao Tiaoqi Acupuncture in the treatment of post-stroke respiratory dysfunction.Methods Seventy-two patients with post-stroke respiratory dysfunction were randomly divided into observation group and control group,36 cases in each group.The control group was given routine treatment,and the observation group was treated with Sanjiao Tiaoqi Acupuncture on the basis of the control group,both groups were treated for 14 consecutive days.After 2 weeks of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated,and the changes of white blood cell count(WBC),C-reactive protein(CRP)and clinical pulmonary infection score(CPIS)were observed before and after treatment.The changes of diaphragmatic activity were compared before and after treatment between the two groups.Results(1)After treatment,the WBC and CRP levels of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the WBC and CRP levels,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the CPIS scores of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving CPIS scores,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the diaphragm mobility of patients in the two groups was significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving diaphragm mobility,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(4)The total effective rate was 91.67％(33/36)in the observation group and 75.00％(27/36)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Sanjiao Tiaoqi Acupuncture for post-stroke respiratory dysfunction can significantly promote the absorption of inflammatory factors in patients and improve diaphragm mobility,with remarkable clinical efficacy.