Lung transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage lung diseases and can significantly improve prognosis of the patients. However, postoperative complications such as infection, rejection, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and other challenges (like shortage of donor lungs) , limit the practical application of lung transplantation in clinical practice. Chinese research teams have been making continuous efforts and have achieved breakthroughs in basic research on lung transplantation by integrating emerging technologies and cutting-edge achievements from interdisciplinary fields, which has strongly propelled the development of this field. This article will comprehensively review the academic progress made by Chinese research teams in the field of lung transplantation in 2024, with a focus on the achievements of Chinese teams in basic research on lung transplantation. It aims to provide innovative ideas and strategies for key issues in the basic field of lung transplantation and to help China's lung transplantation cause reach a higher level.

As a serious cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis (AS) causes chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in the body and poses a threat to human health. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is a member of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family, and its elevated levels have been shown to contribute to AS. Lp-PLA2 is closely related to a variety of lipoproteins, and its role in promoting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in AS is mainly achieved by hydrolyzing oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPC) to produce lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC). Moreover, macrophage apoptosis within plaque is promoted by localized Lp-PLA2 which also promotes plaque instability. This paper reviews those researches of Chinese medicine in treating AS via reducing Lp-PLA2 levels to guide future experimental studies and clinical applications related to AS.
Humans ; 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Atherosclerosis/drug therapy* ; Lipoproteins ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Biomarkers

Aim To explore the impacts of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) on the phenotypes, endocy-tosis and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/ Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)/P38 mitogen-ac-tivated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in indoxyl sulfate (IS) -induced dendritic cells (DCs). Methods After treatment with 30, 300 and 600 (xmol · L

Background and purpose:Exogenous bone morphogenetic protein 9(BMP9)inhibits the malignant progression of human breast cancer,but its expression is often abnormally low in breast cancer.In this study,we intended to explore the expression and role of epigenetically-modified histone lysine-specific demethylase 4A(KDM4A)in breast cancer,and to investigate the relationship between KDM4A and BMP9 and its possible regulatory mechanism.Methods:The expression of KDM4A in breast cancer and its relationship with BMP9 were analyzed by bioinformatics and verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RTFQ-PCR)and Western blot.Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)verified the regulatory role of KDM4A on BMP9,and RNA stability experiments and CHX protein stability experiments verified the effect of KDM4A in BMP9 expression.Exogenous recombinant MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with KDM4A small interfering RNA(siKDM4A)or infected with siBMP9 adenovirus(Ad-siBMP9)were constructed using RNA interference technology and adenoviruses knocking down BMP9,and the migratory and invasive abilities of the cells were detected by scratch healing assay and transwell assay,respectively.Results:Bioinformatics analysis showed that the expression of KDM4A was significantly higher in breast cancer than in normal tissues,and there was a negative correlation between the expression of KDM4A and that of BMP9 in breast cancer;RTFQ-PCR and Western blot showed that KDM4A was highly expressed in different breast cancer cell lines,and the knockdown of KDM4A significantly up-regulated BMP9.ChIP experiment confirmed that KDM4A could be significantly enriched in the promoter region of BMP9 gene,reducing its histone lysine 36 position instead of position 4 methyl status,thus silencing the expression of BMP9.RNA stability assay and CHX protein stability assay confirmed that KDM4A had no significant effect on the mRNA of BMP9,but could affect its protein degradation.After knocking down KDM4A,the migration and invasion abilities of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 were significantly inhibited,and this effect could be partially reversed by knocking down BMP9.Conclusion:KDM4A is highly expressed in breast cancer and breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231,and can silence its expression by down-regulating the level of histone methylation in the promoter region of the BMP9 gene,as well as affecting the stability of BMP9 at the protein level rather than at the level of mRNA,and promoting the migration and invasion of breast cancer.

Objective:To compare the clinical benefits of classic endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and hybrid ESD for the treatment of colorectal epithelium-derived tumors.Methods:The current investigation was a retrospective multicenter study of 418 patients who underwent ESD between January 2015 and April 2021 at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. The patients were assigned to one of two groups based on the surgical procedure they underwent; a classic ESD group or a hybrid ESD group. The primary outcome was the rate of en bloc resection and complete resection. SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis. Homogeneity of variance was assessed via Cochran′s test. Normally distributed data with homogeneity of variance were analyzed via the t-test for independent samples. Non-normally distributed data and data with unequal variance were analyzed via the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. Categorical data were analyzed via the Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test. Multivariable assessment was performed via logistic regression analysis. Results:The en bloc resection rates [89.4% (84/94) vs. 87.0% (194/223), χ2=0.34, P=0.558] and complete resection rates [85.1% (80/94) vs. 82.1% (183/223), χ2=0.33, P=0.510] were similar. Compared with classic ESD, procedures were shorter in the hybrid ESD group [22(7, 213) vs. 47(12, 680) min, Z=0.23, P<0.001], dissection was completed more rapidly [0.14(0.02, 0.32) vs. 0.10(0.02, 0.41) cm 2/min, Z=0.08, P<0.001], and there was a higher rate of perforation (9.6% vs. 2.2%, χ2=2.67, P=0.006). Laterally spreading tumor granular type nodular mixed, non-granular type pseudo-depressed, flat-elevated type (odds ratio 2.826, P=0.012), and tumor location (odds ratio 6.970, P=0.005) were independently associated with complete resection in the hybrid ESD group. Conclusion:Classic ESD and hybrid ESD had similar en bloc and complete resection rates for colorectal epithelium-derived tumors, but hybrid ESD had shorter operation times. With respect to hybrid ESD, factors associated with failure of complete resection included lesion type and crossing tissue boundaries.

Objective To analyze and discuss the medication rule of professor Ruan Yan in the treatment of children with allergic rhinitis by using data mining method,and to provide reference for the clinical research and patented drugs development for the treatment of children with allergic rhinitis.Methods The outpatient medical records of professor Ruan Yan for the treatment of children with allergic rhinitis were collected.Microsoft Excel 2010 software was used for frequency statistics.SPSS Clementine 12.0 software was used for association rule analysis,cluster analysis and factor analysis to obtain the data.The frequency of use of various drugs and the association rules between drugs were obtained.Then the medication rules in professor Ruan Yan's prescription were analyzed.Results A total of 308 Chinese medicine compounds were included,involving 80 kinds of Chinese medicines,among which relieving drugs and qi-invigorating herbs were high-frequently used.The distribution of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types was mainly characterized by lung-qi deficiency-cold syndrome and lung-spleen qi deficiency syndrome.The medicinal properties were mainly spicy,warm and sweet,and most of them belonged to the lung,spleen and stomach meridians.Five core prescriptions were extracted by factor analysis.Four drug combinations were obtained by systematic cluster analysis.Conclusion Ventilating lung and opening the orifices,expelling wind and removing cold,strengthening the spleen and replenishing qi are basic therapeutic principles for professor Ruan Yan in the treatment of children with allergic rhinitis.The treatment mainly focused on dispelling evil,ventilating lung and opening the orifices,expelling wind and removing cold during the acute stage of allergic rhinitis.In the remission period,according to the principle of"treating disease must be based on its origin",the treatment should enhance children's physical fitness,tonify lung and strengthen spleen,thereby reducing recurrence.

Xiaoke formula (XKF) is a classic formula for the treatment of insulin resistance (IR), but there is still unclear on bioactive equivalent combinatorial components (BECC) of XKF. In this study, based on the previous research of our team, three components, berberine, astragaloside IV and chlorogenic acid, were selected as the BECC of XKF, and their efficacy and mechanism were investigated. A high-fat diet-induced IR mouse model was used to detect blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, immune & inflammatory factors, etc., and staining of pathology sections was used to detect histopathological changes. Network pharmacology was used to predict the potential targets and signaling pathways of XKF and its BECC, and the results of the network were verified by Western blot. The animal welfare and experimental procedures followed the regulations of the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Beijing MDKN Biotech Company (MDKN-2023-019). The results showed that BECC, which was composed of berberine, astragaloside IV and chlorogenic acid in the ratio of the original formula of XKF, was comparable to XKF in improving the glycemia, insulin sensitivity, histopathological damage, dyslipidemia, and immuno-inflammation in IR mice. The results of network pharmacology and Western blot suggested that the BECC of XKF and XKF might alleviate IR by promoting the activation of hepatic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), and inhibiting the expression of glucose-6-phosphate phosphatase (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), the key limiting enzymes of hepatic gluconeogenesis. The above results suggest that berberine, astragaloside IV and chlorogenic acid can be used as the potential BECC of XKF to improve IR, and can regulate lipid metabolism, immuno-inflammation, and promote hepatic PI3K/AKT signaling to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis, regulate glucose homeostasis, and improve IR in mice.

Exploring the action targets (groups) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important proposition to promote the innovation and development of TCM, but it has attracted a lot of attention as to whether it is related to the efficacy or the disease. Our team found that the metabolomic signature molecules in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) were significantly associated with the clinical efficacy of Yuquan Pill through a large clinical sample study. Taking this as a clue, our team intends to expand the information on the omics features of DM development, and discover the key targets (groups) and their lead compounds for the hypoglycemic effect of Yuquan Pill. The project includes: ① Based on the retrospective clinical trials, using omics technology integrated with generative artificial intelligence, mining the characteristic information of proteome and microbiome, forming driving factors together with metabolome characteristic molecules, and characterizing the molecular trajectories of diabetes evolution and their interference by Yuquan Pill; ② Taking the evolving molecular trajectories as a link and pointer, using anthropomorphic modeling and molecular biology techniques such as chemical proteomics to discover the key targets (groups) of Yuquan Pill's hypoglycemic effect, with the prospective clinical samples for validation; ③ Evaluate the overall response of key targets (groups) using graph neural network technology, and search for drug-derived/endogenous lead compounds with proven clinical pathologies and clear mechanisms of action, so as to provide a new paradigm and technology for the discovery of complex active ingredient targets (groups) of TCM that are related to their clinical efficacy, as well as for the discovery of innovative medicines.

Objective Studies on the relationship between iodine,vitamin A(VA),and vitamin D(VD)and thyroid function are limited.This study aimed to analyze iodine and thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)status and their possible relationships with VA,VD,and other factors in postpartum women. Methods A total of 1,311 mothers(896 lactating and 415 non-lactating)from Hebei,Zhejiang,and Guangxi provinces were included in this study.The urinary iodine concentration(UIC),TSH,VA,and VD were measured. Results The median UIC of total and lactating participants were 142.00 μg/L and 139.95 μg/L,respectively.The median TSH,VA,and VD levels in all the participants were 1.89 mIU/L,0.44 μg/mL,and 24.04 ng/mL,respectively.No differences in the UIC were found between lactating and non-lactating mothers.UIC and TSH levels were significantly different among the three provinces.The rural UIC was higher than the urban UIC.Obese mothers had a higher UIC and a higher prevalence of excessive TSH.Higher UICs and TSHs levels were observed in both the VD deficiency and insufficiency groups than in the VD-sufficient group.After adjustment,no linear correlation was observed between UIC and VA/VD.No interaction was found between vitamins A/D and UIC on TSH levels. Conclusion The mothers in the present study had no iodine deficiency.Region,area type,BMI,and VD may be related to the iodine status or TSH levels.

Cancer therapy-related thrombopenia,which is called"medicinal poison purpura"in tradi-tional Chinese medicine,is a common hematologic adverse reaction during oncology treatment that is dif-ficult to treat due to the differences in oncology treatments and the complexity of the pathogenesis,resul-ting in various degrees of thrombocytopenia.Based on the theory that"spleen controlling blood",this pa-per believes that"medicinal poison purpura"is mainly caused by direct damage to the blood and qi by medicinal poison,leading to qi and blood deficiency;it also attacks the spleen and stomach,resulting in the deficiency of spleen qi and no source of qi and blood production.Due to the spleen deficiency,there is no essence to nourish kidney and bone marrow;their function of generating blood decreases,eventually it becomes"medicinal poison purpura".The theory of"regulating balance and flat regulation"is an im-portant academic idea of our team in the treatment of malignant hematological tumors.In this paper,we have systematically elaborated on the etiology,pathogenesis,and therapeutic principles of the treatment of cancer therapy-related thrombopenia with spleen deficiency pattern through the collation of relevant lit-erature.We believe that the prescription formulated according to the method of invigorating spleen and benefiting qi and controlling blood for the treatment of cancer therapy-associated thrombocytopenia with spleen deficiency pattern is in line with the principle of correspondence between prescription and syn-drome,and correspondence between drugs and syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine,which is theo-retically feasible and has a high clinical application value.