Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer in Huangpu District, Shanghai Municipality from 2002 to 2019, so as to provide the evidence for formulating lung cancer prevention and control measures. Methods: Data of lung cancer incidence and mortality among residents in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019 were collected through the Shanghai Cancer Registration and Reporting Management System. The crude incidence and mortality of lung cancer was calculated, and standardized by the data from the Chinese Fifth National Population Census in 2000 (Chinese-standardized rate) and the Segi's world standard population in 1960 (world-standardized rate). The trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer among residents by age and gender were evaluated using annual percent change (APC). Results: A total of 12 965 cases of lung cancer were reported in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019, and the crude incidence rate was 80.66/105, the Chinese-standardized incidence rate was 34.54/105, and the world-standardized incidence rate was 31.30/105, all showing upward trends (APC=4.588%, 2.933% and 3.247%, all P<0.05). A total of 10 102 deaths of lung cancer were reported, and the crude mortality rate was 62.30/105, showing an upward trend (APC=0.959%, P<0.05); the Chinese-standardized mortality was 25.93/105, and the world-standardized mortality was 22.05/105, both showing downward trends (APC=-1.282% and -1.263%, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer in males were higher than those in females (101.39/105 vs. 60.52/105, 85.45/105 vs. 39.87/105, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer showed upward trends with age (both P<0.05), reaching their peaks in the age groups of 80-<85 years (341.37/105) and 85 years or above (355.97/105), respectively. Conclusions The incidence of lung cancer showed an upward trend, while the mortality showed a downward trend in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019. Elderly men were the high-risk group for lung cancer incidence and mortality.

Acupuncture, a therapeutic treatment defined as the insertion of needles into the body at specific points (ie, acupoints), has growing in popularity world-wide to treat various diseases effectively, especially acute and chronic pain. In parallel, interest in the physiological mechanisms underlying acupuncture analgesia, particularly the neural mechanisms have been increasing. Over the past decades, our understanding of how the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system process signals induced by acupuncture has developed rapidly by using electrophysiological methods. However, with the development of neuroscience, electrophysiology is being challenged by calcium imaging in view field, neuron population and visualization in vivo. Owing to the outstanding spatial resolution, the novel imaging approaches provide opportunities to enrich our knowledge about the neurophysiological mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia at subcellular, cellular, and circuit levels in combination with new labeling, genetic and circuit tracing techniques. Therefore, this review will introduce the principle and the method of calcium imaging applied to acupuncture research. We will also review the current findings in pain research using calcium imaging from in vitro to in vivo experiments and discuss the potential methodological considerations in studying acupuncture analgesia.
Calcium ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Analgesia/methods* ; Acupuncture Points ; Technology

Objective To explore the relationship between peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and prognosis of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received treatment with camrelizumab. Methods We retrospectively collected data from 88 patients with advanced NSCLC who underwent camrelizumab treatment. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were collected from patients before and two months after treatment. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were employed to investigate the relationship between peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and PFS and OS. Results Compared with non-responder group, the baseline peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ ratio was higher (P=0.038), while the CD8+T lymphocyte percentage was lower (P=0.036) in the responder group. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that a high baseline CD4+/CD8+ ratio was associated with long PFS and OS (P=0.001, P=0.023). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the baseline CD4+/CD8+ ratio was a significant predictor for PFS and OS. Additionally, a high post-treatment CD4+/CD8+ ratio and high CD4+T lymphocyte percentage were associated with long PFS (P=0.005, P=0.015), whereas a low post-treatment CD8+T lymphocyte percentage was associated with long PFS and OS (P=0.001, P=0.016). Conclusion The peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ ratio can serve as a predictive factor for survival of patients with NSCLC treated with camrelizumab.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,treatment methods,and prognosis of a-cute leukemia patients with extramedullary infiltration.Methods The clinical characteristics and treatment methods of 47 acute leukemia patients with extramedullary infiltration admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from April 2014 to April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Subgroup analysis was performed according to whether there was extramedullary infiltration before transplantation,and whether there was isolated extramedullary recurrence after transplantation.Based on this analysis,the patients were di-vided into the pre-transplantation radiotherapy group and pre-transplantation non-radiotherapy group,the post-transplantation radiotherapy group and post-transplantation non-radiotherapy group.According to the treatment methods of central nervous system leukemia(CNSL),the patients were divided into the intrathecal injection group(n=12)and combination of intrathecal injection and radiotherapy group(n=13).The local remission situation,survival duration,and toxic and side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy were com-pared.Results For acute leukemia patients with extramedullary infiltration,the overall survival time(OS)in the radiotherapy group was better than that in the non-radiotherapy group(median OS:706 d vs.151 d,P=0.015).Subgroup analysis showed that the OS of the pre-transplantation radiotherapy group was better than that of the pre-transplantation non-radiotherapy group(median OS:592 d vs.386 d,P=0.035).For CNSL,the combination of intrathecal injection and radiotherapy group had a better OS than the intrathecal injection group(median OS:547 d vs.388 d,P=0.045).The event-free survival time(EFS)of the radiotherapy group was better than that of the non-radiotherapy group(median EFS:175 d vs.50 d,P=0.005).The COX pro-portional-hazards model showed that treatment with or without radiotherapy had a significant impact on the OS of acute leukemia patients with extramedullary infiltration.The risk of death in the pre-transplantation non-radiotherapy group was 2.231 times higher than that in the pre-transplantation radiotherapy group(HR=3.231,95％CI:1.021-10.227,P=0.046).Compared with the non-radiotherapy group,the radiother-apy group had a higher local remission and a lower risk of haematological toxicity,infection,and haemorrhage.Conclusion Radiotherapy can rapidly alleviate the local symptoms of acute leukemia complicated with extr-amedullary infiltration,prolong the survival time of these patients,and reduce the risk of hematologic toxicity,infection,and haemorrhage.

Objective To compare the efficacy of three different methods in the prevention of adhesion after the HEOS system for different degrees of intrauterine adhesions.Methods 284 patients with mild,moderate and severe intrauterine adhesions,who were treated with the HEOS system,were divided into three groups,the intrauterine device with sodium hyaluronate gel was placed in Group A,Foley water capsule tube with sodium hyaluronate gel was placed in Group B,and sodium hyaluronate gel was placed in Group C only.The recovery of uterine adhesion,improvement of menstruation,endometrial thickness,and adverse reactions were compared among the three groups.Results The mild intrauterine adhesions group showed statistical differences among the three groups(P<0.05).Group A had a higher menstrual improvement rate than Group C(P<0.017),and there was no significant difference in other therapeutic indicators(P>0.017).However,the adverse reaction rate in Group A was also higher than that in Group C(P<0.017).In the moderate intrauterine group,there was a significant difference in the improvement rate of intrauterine adhesions between Group B and the other two groups(P<0.017).Group A and B were higher than Group C in terms of menstrual status,endometrial thickness,and adverse reactions(P<0.017).In severe intrauterine adhesions,Group A had higher efficacy indicators than other groups(P<0.017).Conclusions The curative effect index and adverse reaction rate were analyzed,after operation.For the light,moderate,and severe intrauterine adhesions,sodium hyaluronate gel,Foley water capsule tube with sodium hyaluronate gel,and intrauterine device with sodium hyaluronate gel were the best choice for adhesion.Individual and hierarchical management can achieve good clinical effects,which is worth popularizing.

Platycodonis Radix is the dry root of Platycodon grandiflorum of Campanulaceae, which has a variety of pharmacological effects and is a commonly used bulk Chinese medicine. In this study, the chloroplast genome sequences of six P. grandiflorum from different producing areas has been sequenced with Illumina HiSeq X Ten platform. The specific DNA barcodes were screened, and the germplasm resources and genetic diversity were analyzed according to the specific barcodes. The total length of the chloroplast genome of 6 P. grandiflorum samples was 172 260-172 275 bp, and all chloroplast genomes showed a typical circular tetrad structure and encoded 141 genes. The comparative genomics analysis and results of amplification efficiency demonstrated that trnG-UCC and ndhG_ndhF were the potential specific DNA barcodes for identification the germplasm resources of P. grandiflorum. A total of 305 P. grandiflorum samples were collected from 15 production areas in 9 provinces, for which the fragments of trnG-UCC and ndhG_ndhF were amplificated and the sequences were analyzed. The results showed that trnG-UCC and ndhG_ndhF have 5 and 11 mutation sites, respectively, and 5 and 7 haplotypes were identified, respectively. The combined analysis of the two sequences formed 13 haplotypes (named Hap1-Hap13), and Hap4 is the main genotype, followed by Hap1. The unique haplotypes possessed by the three producing areas can be used as DNA molecular tags in this area to distinguish from the germplasm resources of P. grandiflorum from other areas. The haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and genetic distance were 0.94, 4.79×10^-3 and 0.000 0-0.020 3, respectively, suggesting that the genetic diversity was abundant and intraspecific kinship was relatively close. This study laid a foundation for the identification of P. grandiflorum, the protection and utilization of germplasm resources, and molecular breeding.

Objective To explore the optimal cutoff for waist circumference(WC)for defining central obesity,and its predictive ability for cardiovascular disease risk factors in Han adults in Xinjiang.Methods A cardiovascular risk survey(CRS)study was carried out from October 2018 to March 2021 with 14 618 representative participants selected,including 5757 Han adults.Complete data on 5666 participants were gathered.The age span of the participants was from 35 to 88 years old with the mean age as 52.47 years.Anthropometric data,blood pressure,serum concentration of serum total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and fasting glucose were documented.Prevalence rate,sensitivity,specificity and distance on the receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve of each WC value were calculated.Results Both men and women,with the increase of waist circumference,the levels of systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,total cholesterol,triglycerides and fasting blood glucose are gradually increasing.In men,the prevalence of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia increased as WC increased.In women,the prevalence of hypertension,diabetes,hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia increased as WC increased.The shortest distance in the ROC curves for hypertension,dyslipidemia,diabetes,or≥2 of these risk factors suggested a WC cutoff of 90cm for men and 85cm for women.Conclusion The proportion of central obesity among Han adults in Xinjiang is higher than that of Han people in other regions.It is necessary to use a higher cutoff point value of waist circumference to define central obesity.

Objective To analyze the trends,cooperation,topics and hotspots of researches about multi-level rehabilitation service system in China. Methods The literature on multi-level rehabilitation service system in China was searched and screened in databases of CNKI from 1983 to 2023.The number of the articles was described,and the cooperation,research hotspots and changing trend were analyzed using VOSviewer. Results A total of 4 643 articles were included.The number of the articles tended to increase and developed in stages.Nine groups with five or more researchers were found,and seven of them cooperated with each other.The most frequent keywords were community-based rehabilitation(occurrence 1 251 with connection strength 1 780),stroke(occurrence 674 with connection strength 1 126),family rehabilitation(occurrence 412 with connection strength 514),rehabilitation nursing(occurrence 178 with connection strength 240)and quality of life(occur-rence 156 with connection strength 311).The researchers initially focused on disability rehabilitation,then fo-cused on community-based rehabilitation and family rehabilitation,and gradually focused on the quality of life,activities of daily living,satisfaction,mental health,negative emotion and healthcare consortium in recent years. Conclusion The researches about multi-level rehabilitation service system are developing in China,focusing on commu-nity-based rehabilitation,stroke,family rehabilitation,rehabilitation nursing and quality of life.The cooperation among scholar groups need to be strengthened.Quality of life,activities of daily living,satisfaction,mental health,negative emotion and healthcare consortium may be the hotspots in the future.

Objective:To describe and analyze suicide risk of patients with schizophrenia,major depressive disorder,and bipolar disorder.Methods:A total of 2 016 patients with schizophrenia,903 patients with major de-pressive disorder,and 381 patients with bipolar disorder from inpatients,clinics,or communities who met the diag-nostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition were recruited.All patients were interviewed by psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to diagnose mental disor-ders and assess suicide risk,as well as Clinical-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity(CRDPSS)to as-sess symptoms.Differences and risk factors of suicide risk among three types of mental disorders were explored u-sing multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:In the past one month,37 patients with schizophrenia(1.8％),516 patients with major depressive disorder(57.1％),and 102 patients with bipolar disorder(26.8％)had suicide risk.Compared with patients with schizophrenia,suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder(OR=36.50)and bipolar disorder(OR=20.10)increased.Female(OR=1.87),smoking(OR=1.76),family history of suicide(OR=5.09),higher score of CRDPSS hallucination(OR=1.80),and higher score of CRDPSS depression(OR=1.54)were risk factors of suicide risk of patients.Conclusions:Suicide risk of patients with ma-jor depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is higher than that of patients with schizophrenia.In clinical practice,it is important to regularly assess suicide risk of patients.Patients who experience symptoms of hallucination and de-pression should be paid more attention to.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and related socio-demographic factors of schizo-phrenia patients with different ages of onset.Methods:Totally 2 016 patients with schizophrenia aged 15 to 70 were selected according to the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition.All of the patients were interviewed by psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsy-chiatric Interview to diagnose schizophrenia,Clinical-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity(CRDPSS)and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)to assess symptoms.The cut-off points were 18 and 25 years old for three age groups,i.e.early onset(EOS),youth onset(YOS)and adult onset(AOS).Statistical analy-ses were performed by analysis of variance Pearson correlation analysis,and multivariate linear regression.Results:The early-onset patients had the highest total PANSS score(73.8±28.0)and CRDPSS score(11.7±5.4).Fe-male gender,high education level,Han ethnicity,early onset age,and slower onset of illness were negatively corre-lated with the total and dimension score of PANSS scale and CRDPSS scale(standardized regression coefficient:0.04-0.47),and income level and smoking were negatively correlated with those score(standardized regression coefficient:-0.04--0.14).Conclusion:Early-onset schizophrenia patients have more severe symptoms,and fe-male,high education level,early-onset disease,and chronic onset are the risk factors of symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia.