As a patented characteristic medicine of Yi ethnic minority， Pingxuan capsules have the effects of nourishing the liver and kidney， pacifying the liver， and subduing Yang. With the main indications of dizziness， headache， palpitations， tinnitus， insomnia， dreaminess， waist and knee soreness caused by liver-kidney deficiency and liver Yang upward disturbance， Pingxuan capsules are widely used in the treatment of posterior circulation ischemic vertigo， vestibular migraine， benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. However， the current knowledge is limited regarding the efficacy， syndrome differentiation， and safety of this medicine. On the basis of summarizing the experience of clinicians and the existing evidence， this study invites clinical experts of traditional Chinese and Western medicine， pharmaceutical experts， and methodological experts from relevant fields across China to conduct evidence-based evaluation of Pingxuan capsules. The evaluation follows the Specifications for the Development of Clinical Expert Consensus on Chinese Patent Medicines issued by the Standardization Office of the China Association of Chinese Medicine， and reaches 5 recommendations and 16 consensus suggestions. The consensus clarifies the clinical applications， efficacy， dose， course of treatment， combination of medicines， precautions， and contraindications of Pingxuan capsules in the treatment of vertigo and explains the safety of clinical application. This consensus is applicable to clinicians （traditional Chinese medicine， Western medicine， and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine） and pharmacists in tertiary hospitals， secondary hospitals， and community-level medical and health institutions across China， providing a reference for the rational use of Pingxuan capsules in the treatment of vertigo. It is hoped that the promotion of this consensus can facilitate the rational use of drugs in clinical practice， reduce the risk of drug use， and give full play to the advantages of Pingxuan capsules in the treatment of vertigo diseases. This consensus has been reviewed and published by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， with the number GS/CACM330-2023.

Osteoarthritis （OA） and stroke are common clinical diseases that reduce patients' quality of life and place a burden on families and society. Ruyi Zhenbaowan， a classic prescription in Tibetan medicine， have the functions of clearing heat， awakening the brain and opening orifices， relaxing tendons and promoting meridian circulation， and eliminating yellow water. Clinically， they are used to treat osteoarthritis， post-stroke sequelae， neuropathic pain， and other related conditions. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated their anti-inflammatory， analgesic， and nerve-repairing effects. However， current research remains insufficient regarding the appropriate indications， timing， and efficacy of this medicine in treating relevant diseases. To enhance clinicians' understanding of this medicine and promote its standardized and rational clinical use， a panel of national experts， including clinical specialists， Tibetan medicine practitioners， pharmacologists， and methodologists， formulated this consensus based on clinical experience and evidence-based practice. The Cochrane systematic review framework， the Grading of Recommendations Assessment， Development and Evaluation （GRADE） system， and the nominal group method were employed to generate seven graded recommendations and 19 consensus-based suggestions. These recommendations clearly define the key points in the clinical application of Ruyi Zhenbaowan， including therapeutic indications， dosage and administration， treatment duration， and medication safety. The consensus specifically addresses the clinical efficacy， appropriate timing of administration， dosage strategies， treatment cycles， and combination medication strategies for treating osteoarthritis and stroke and provides an overview of safety considerations. The aim is to provide standardized guidance for hospitals and healthcare institutions nationwide to ensure the rational application of Ruyi Zhenbaowan in the treatment of osteoarthritis and stroke， reduce medication-related risks， and further leverage its clinical advantages. This consensus has been approved and issued by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， with the standard number GS/CACM 369-2024.

Objective: To understand current situation epidemiology and associated factors of suicidal ideation among high school students in Yixing, so as to provide basis for targeted intervention. Methods: From March to May 2019, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 12 799 students from 3 junior high schools and 4 senior high schools in Yixing City, Jiangsu Province, using a stratified cluster random sampling method. Latent profile analysis was used to classify suicidal ideation among high school students, the chi square test was used to compare the differences in suicidal ideation among different characteristics of students, multiple Logistic regression was used to analyze influencing factors, a risk predictive nomogram model was constructed and then verified. Results: Three latent classes of suicidal ideation among high school students was divided into three categories were observed: none or mild, moderate, and severe. Among them, 3 034 (23.7%) had moderate suicidal ideation and 753 (5.9%) had severe suicidal ideation. The Logistic regression results showed that gender was female, academic performance was lower midrange, smoking, drinking, popularity with classmates(less popular and unpopularity), family member relationships(general/occasional contradictions/contradictions), trust in others(more trusted/less trusted/less trusted at all), past or current relationships, physical bullying, relationship bullying, verbal bullying, and sexual bullying were the influencing factors for severe suicidal ideation among students ( OR =3.27； 2.18 ；1.63；1.72；2.66, 6.05；3.00,3.29, 6.38；1.71, 6.04, 12.48； 2.50； 1.59； 2.16； 1.45； 1.63, P <0.05). The nomogram prediction model had good discrimination. Conclusions Suicide ideation is influenced by multiple factors. Family and peer situations, as well as being bullied, are all related to the degree the severity of suicidal ideation. Efforts can be made to improve students family and interpersonal relationships, control bullying, then reduce their suicidal ideation which might help prevent suicide ideation among students.

OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effect and mechanism of Longshengzhi capsules on cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） was established by using the improved thread occlusion method. The experiment was divided into six groups： sham surgery group （only separating blood vessels without inserting thread plugs， given the same volume of normal saline）， model group （modeling， given the same volume of normal saline）， nimodipine group （positive control， modeling， dose of 20 mg/kg）， and low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Longshengzhi capsules （modeling， doses of 0.72， 1.44 and 2.88 g/kg， respectively）， with 10 mice in each group. Each group was given corresponding medication solution/normal saline by gavage， once a day， for 7 consecutive days. One hour after the last administration， the Zea Longa scoring method was used to score the neurological deficits in each group of rats， and the ABC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in rats； TTC staining was used to observe the volume of cerebral infarction in rats and calculate the cerebral infarction volume ratio. Hematoxylin eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the brain tissue of rats. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the positive expression of NLRP3 protein in the brain tissue of rats. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect mRNA relative expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） in the brain tissue of rats. Western blot assay was adopted to detect the relative expressions of TLR4， NLRP3 and phosphorylated NF-κB （p-NF-κB） protein in the brain tissue of rats and its intracellular NF-κB protein. RESULTS Compared with the sham surgery group， the neural dysfunction score， serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6， cerebral infarction volume ratio， relative expression levels of NF-κB and TLR4 mRNA， as well as protein relative expressions of TLR4， NLRP3 and p-NF-κB in the brain tissue， and relative protein expression of intracellular NF-κB were increased significantly in the model group （P＜0.01）； the enlarged gap and significant edema were observed in cortical nerve cells of brain tissue in rats， with a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration； the positive expression of NLRP3 protein in brain tissue of rats obviously increased. Compared with the model group， the levels of the above indicators in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of Longshengzhi capsules， as well as the Nimodipine group， were reversed to varying degrees， and most differences were statistically significant （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the pathological morphology observation showed a significant improvement， and the positive expression of NLRP3 protein in the brain tissue of rats was obviously reduced. CONCLUSIONS Longshengzhi capsules may inhibit TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway and neuroinflammatory response， thereby achieving a protective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of metformin against PM2.5-induced functional impairment of placental trophoblasts and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods Sixteen pregnant Kunming mice were randomly assigned into two groups(n=8)for intratracheal instillation of PBS or PM2.5 suspension at 1.5,7.5,and 12.5 days of gestation.The pregnancy outcome of the mice was observed,and placental zonal structure and vascular density of the labyrinth area were examined with HE staining,followed by detection of ferroptosis-related indexes in the placenta.In cultured human trophoblasts(HTR8/SVneo cells),the effects of PM2.5 exposure and treatment with metformin on cell viability,proliferation,migration,invasion,and tube formation ability were evaluated using CCK8 assay,EDU staining,wound healing assay,Transwell experiment,and tube formation experiment;the cellular expressions of ferroptosis-related proteins were analyzed using ELISA and Western blotting.Results M2.5 exposure of the mice during pregnancy resulted in significantly decreased weight and number of the fetuses and increased fetal mortality with a reduced placental weight(all P<0.001).PM2.5 exposure also caused obvious impairment of the placental structure and trophoblast ferroptosis.In cultured HTR8/SVneo cells,PM2.5 significantly inhibited proliferation,migration,invasion,and angiogenesis of the cells by causing ferroptosis.Metformin treatment obviously attenuated PM2.5-induced inhibition of proliferation,migration,invasion,and angiogenesis of the cells,and effectively reversed PM2.5-induced ferroptosis in the trophoblasts as shown by significantly increased intracellular GSH level and SOD activity,reduced MDA and Fe2+ levels,and upregulated GPX4 and SLC7A11 protein expression(P<0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy causes adverse pregnancy outcomes and ferroptosis and functional impairment of placental trophoblasts in mice,and metformin can effectively alleviate PM2.5-induced trophoblast impairment.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of domestic Kangduo endoscopic robotic surgical system(SR1500)in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy via abdominal approach.Methods Perioperative data of 5 patients with renal tumors undergoing transabdominal partial nephrectomy with SR1500 at Miyun Hospital during Jul.and Aug.2023 were prospectively collected.The surgical procedure,operation time,pathological margins,intraoperative bleeding,hospital stay,and catheter removal time were recorded.Results The average tumor diameter was 1.92 cm,staged as T1a in TNM classification,with an average R.E.N.A.L score of 5.80.The mean docking time of equipment was 3.00 min,robotic arm operating time 97.20 min,and renal warm ischemia time 19.80 min.Postoperative pathology revealed negative surgical margins in all patients.No high-grade perioperative complications or device-related adverse events occurred.Conclusion Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using the Kangduo endoscopic robotic surgical system(SR1500)via abdominal approach is safe and effective in the treatment of T1a renal tumors.

Nephroptosis,a rare condition in urology,often results from inadequate support of the kidney's perinephric fat structures,leading to excessive renal mobility.It typically occurs in lean,tall,young females.Some cases manifest with abdominal pain and renal dysfunction.Open nephropexy,laparoscopic nephropexy and percutaneous nephropexy are all effective methods in the treatment of nephroptosis,among which percutaneous nephropexy is associated with less trauma and lower costs.Modifications to percutaneous nephropexy by the authors'team are also introduced mentioned in this article.

177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China.Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints,the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.

Objective:To introduce the progress in research of rash and fever syndrome (RFS) surveillance and early warning both at home and abroad, and provide reference for surveillance and prevention of RFS in China.Methods:The keywords "fever" "rash" and "surveillance" and others were used for a literature retrieval by using China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, PubMed and Web of Science. The languages of literatures were limited in Chinese and English. The key information of the literatures were collected and analyzed with Excel.Results:A total of 36 study papers (21 in Chinese and 15 in English) were included. The studies mainly focused on the pathogen surveillance of RFS ( n=19). The pathogens included measles virus, varicella-zoster virus, rubella virus, enterovirus, human B19 virus, dengue virus, streptococcus group A, Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphoid,human herpesvirus, mumps virus and adenovirus. Eight studies were about the surveillance in major events, such as sport game, World Expo and religious gathering, or sudden natural disasters, such as earthquake and tropical storm, during 2010-2015. Eight studies focused on case or epidemic surveillance, most of which were studies from other counties. The surveillance sites were medical institutions. RFS was diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9 th (ICD-9) and symptoms descripted in chief-complaint. Only one study in Mongolia conducted RFS epidemic prediction. The analysis methods of 36 papers included simple descriptive analysis, time-based early warning models (such as regression analysis, fixed threshold method, Hugh Hart control chart method and cumulative sum control chart method) and time series analysis method. Conclusions:In the future, RFS surveillance system should cover both known pathogens and emerging pathogens. Automatic surveillance using information capture and intelligent modelling can be applied to improve the sensitivity and specificity of RFS surveillance and early warning.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and genotype trends of rotavirus infection among the population with diarrhea in China, from 2009 to 2020 and provide evidence for strategic surveillance and prevention.Methods:Surveillance data on diarrhea syndrome from 252 sentinel hospitals across 28 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) were obtained from the information management system of the Infectious Disease Surveillance Technology Platform of the National Science and Technology Major Project. Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the distribution of rotavirus diarrhea cases in different climatic zones, populations, and times from 2009 to 2020, as well as the genotyping characteristics and changing trends of group A rotavirus diarrhea cases.Results:From 2009 to 2020, a total of 114 606 diarrhea cases were tested for rotavirus, and the positive rate was 19.1% (21 872/114 606); group A rotavirus was dominant (98.2%, 21 471/21 872). The positive rate of rotavirus was the highest in 2009 (36.9%, 2 436/6 604) and 2010 (30.6%, 5 130/16 790), fluctuated between 14.0% to 18.0% from 2011 to 2017, raised slightly in 2018 (20.3%, 2 211/10 900), and declined continuously in the following two years (15.5%, 2 262/14 611 and 9.5%, 470/4 963). The positive rate of males (20.2%, 13 660/67 471) was significantly higher than that of females (17.4%, 8 212/47 135). Children under five had the highest positive rate (28.4%, 18 261/64 300), more than four times that of adults. The positive rate peaked from December to February in the mediate temperate zone, warm temperate zone, and subtropical zone, while there were two peaks from November to January and May to June in the frigid zone of the plateau. The dominant genotype of group A rotavirus gradually changed from G3P[8] and G1P[8] to G9P[8] during 2009-2020.Conclusions:The overall rotavirus infection rate in China was on a downward trend. Meanwhile, significant variations of positive rates were observed in seasonal epidemics and different age groups from 2009 to 2020. Rotavirus diarrhea in children was still a prominent concern. Vaccination of rotavirus vaccine should be promoted, and the epidemiological characteristics and genotypes of rotavirus diarrhea should be continuously monitored.