ObjectiveTo study on the different therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma（RH） before and after steaming with wine on constipation model mice. MethodsFifty-four male ICR mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， lactulose group（1.5 mg·kg^-1）， high， medium and low dose groups of RH and RH steaming with wine（PRH）（8， 4， 1 g·kg^-1）. Except for the control group， the constipation model was replicated by gavage of loperamide hydrochloride（6 mg·kg^-1） in the other groups. After 2 weeks of modeling， each administration group was gavaged with the corresponding dose of drug solution， and the control and model groups were given an equal volume of normal saline， 1 time/d for 2 consecutive weeks. After administration， the feces were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing， the levels of gastrin（GAS）， motilin（MTL）， interleukin-6（IL-6）， γ-interferon（IFN-γ） in the colonic tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）， the histopathological changes of colon were observed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining， flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion changes of CD4⁺， CD8⁺ and regulatory T cell（Treg） in peripheral blood. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed significantly decrease in fecal number in 24 h， fecal quality and fecal water rate（P<0.01）， the colon was seen to have necrotic shedding of mucosal epithelium， localized intestinal glands in the lamina propria were degenerated， necrotic and atrophied， a few lymphocytes were seen to infiltrate in the necrotic area in a scattered manner， the contents of GAS and MTL， the proportions of CD4⁺， CD8⁺ and Treg were significantly reduced（P<0.01）， the contents of IL-6 and IFN-γ were significantly elevated（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the fecal number in 24 h， fecal quality and fecal water rate of high-dose groups of RH and PRH were significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the pathological damage of the colon was alleviated to varying degrees， the contents of GAS， MTL， IL-6 and IFN-γ were significantly regressed（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the proportions of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ were significantly increased（P<0.01）， although the proportion of Treg showed an upward trend， there was no significant difference. In addition， the results of intestinal flora showed that the number of amplicon sequence variant（ASV） and Alpha diversity were decreased in the model group compared with the control group， and there was a significant difference in Beta diversity， with a decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and an increase in the relative abundances of Bacillus and Helicobacter. Compared with the model group， the ASV number and Alpha diversity were increased in the high-dose groups of RH and PRH， and there was a trend of regression of Beta diversity to the control group， the relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased， and the relative abundances of Bacillus and Helicobacter decreased. ConclusionRH and PRH can improve dysbacteriosis， promote immune system activation， inhibit the release of inflammatory factors for enhancing the gastrointestinal function， which may be one of the potential mechanisms of their therapeutic effect on constipation.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis-induced cell lysis and necrosis lead to the passive release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) into circulation. These DNAs bind to pattern recognition receptor (PRR), triggering excessive inflammatory cytokines production and increasing mortality. Three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) is a 3' to 5' exonuclease that rapidly degrades single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) by cleaving phosphodiester bonds. This process can prevent the accumulation of damaged DNA in the cytoplasm, thereby averting abnormal inflammation and pathological immune responses. TREX1 thus plays a significant role in regulating DNA-related damage caused by sepsis. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of TREX1 in sepsis have not been thoroughly discussed. This review aims to elucidate the structure and function of TREX1 and its mediated immune regulatory mechanisms, with the hope of clarifying the potential role of TREX1 in the field of sepsis.

Objective:To optimize the dispensing method of national drug standard substances and develop a novel adjustable quantitative dispensing device for improving dispensing efficiency and production quality.Methods:Stain-less steel was used to fabricate an adjustable volume tank and a matching scraper for dispensing powder samples of fixed volume.Results:31 types of uniform powder samples,including chemicals and pharmaceutical excipients,were dispensed using the dispensing device.It showed a small test fluctuation range,high accuracy,and consistent effectiveness among different samples.The dispensing efficiency was improved by 147％compared to the conventional method of single-weight dispensing using a balance.Conclusion:The device can significantly reduce dispensing time,increase production efficiency,and meet the dispensing specifications for drug standard substances,which brings remarkable convenience and value to the production and preparation of drug standard substances.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic basis for a child with global developmental delay and autism.Methods:A child who had presented at West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University on April 13, 2021 was selected as the study subject. Clinical manifestations, laboratory examination and result of genetic testing were analyzed.Results:The main symptoms of the child had included cognitive, language and motor delay, autism and epilepsy. Electroencephalogram revealed multiple focal discharges in both waking and sleeping stages, with the remarkable one seen at the sleeping stage. Cranial MRI showed pachygyria and local cortical thickening, Whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed that the child has harbored a heterozygous c. 1589_1595dup (p.Gly533Leufs*143) frameshifting variant in the TBR1 gene (OMIM 604616). Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the variant was predicted to be likely pathogenic (PS2+ PVS1_Supporting+ PM2_Supporting). After treated with levetiracetam and rehabilitation training, the child did not have seizure in the past 5 months, and his motor development has also significantly improved. Conclusion:The c. 1589_1595dup variant of the TBR1 gene probably underlay the disease in this patient.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical feature and genetic variant of a child with autosomal recessive Charlevoix-Saguenay type spastic ataxia (ARSACS). METHODS: Clinical data of a child who was admitted to the West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University on April 30, 2021 was collected. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out for the child and his parents. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). RESULTS: The child, a 3-year-and-3-month-old female, had a complain of "walking instability for over a year". Physical and laboratory examination revealed progressive and aggravated gait instability, increased muscle tone of the right limbs, peripheral neuropathy of the lower limbs, and thickening of retinal nerve fiber layer. The results of WES revealed that she has harbored a maternally derived heterozygous deletion of exons 1 to 10 of the SACS gene, in addition with a de novo heterozygous c.3328dupA variant in exon 10 of the SACS gene. Based on the ACMG guidelines, the exons 1-10 deletion was rated as likely pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting), and the c.3328dupA was rated as a pathogenic variant (PVS1_Strong+PS2+PM2_Supporting). Neither variant was recorded in the human population databases. CONCLUSION The c.3328dupA variant and the deletion of exons 1-10 of the SACS gene probably underlay the ARSACS in this patient.
Female ; Humans ; Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics* ; Muscle Spasticity/genetics* ; Mutation ; Spinocerebellar Ataxias/pathology* ; Child, Preschool

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of three-vessel disease (TVD) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD).Methods:The clinical data of 447 patients with SCAD diagnosed in Zhongshan Hospital from May 2019 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including 108 cases with the single-vessel disease (SVD), 136 cases with the two-vessel disease, and 203 cases with three-vessel disease. The general data and hematological indexes were compared between patients with SVD and those with TVD; the related factors for TVD in SCAD patients were analyzed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results:There were 244 males (78.5%) and 67 females (21.5%) with a median age of 57 years (64, 69). Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in diabetes history ( χ2=7.75, P=0.005), uric acid ( Z=-2.10, P=0.036), glycosylated hemoglobin ( Z=-2.77, P=0.006) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ( Z=-2.99, P=0.003) levels between SVD and TVD groups. Multivariate analysis showed that the high level of blood uric acid ( OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01, P<0.05) and the low level of HDL-C ( OR=3.29, 95% CI:1.23-8.85, P<0.05) were related risk factors of TVD. Conclusion:High blood uric acid level and low HDL-C level are related factors for TVD in patients with SCAD.

Objective:Uterine adhesion is mainly caused by endometrial injury,leading to poor postoperative pregnancy outcome.Therefore,preoperative evaluation on uterine cavity,especially endometrial condition,is very necessary.This study aims to explore the correlation between preoperative three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound(3D-TVS)imaging characteristics and postoperative pregnancy outcomes after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis(HA). Methods:A total of 401 patients,who underwent HA surgery from February 22,2018 to October 31,2018 at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University or Changsha Jiangwan Hospital,were enrolled,and we collected data regarding the preoperative 3D-TVS imaging characteristics and followed up their postoperative pregnancy outcomes.Correlation analysis and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed between imaging features and pregnancy outcomes(live and non-live birth outcomes)in patients with intrauterine adhesion. Results:The results of correlation analysis showed that endometrial thickness,endometrial echo,visible tubal openings,endometrial blood flow,intercornual distance,and endometrial peristalsis were correlated with the live birth rate(all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis revealed that in the HA patients with the live birth,the endometrial thickness was thicker(P<0.001),endometrial echo was more homogeneous(P<0.001),the number of tubal openings was more(P<0.001),the intercornual distance was wider(P<0.05),the endometrial blood flow,and irregular cases of endometrial peristaltic waves were more and cases of deficiency were fewer(both P<0.01)than those in the non-live birth group. Conclusion:Preoperative 3D-TVS imaging performance is closely related to pregnancy outcomes of HA patients,and preoperative 3D-TVS can be used to predict pregnancy outcomes after HA.

ObjectiveAnalyze the current situation, hotspots and development trends of sarcopenia animal model to provide research direction and basic information for sarcopenia animal model research. MethodsEnglish literature of research on animal models of sarcopenia was retrieved from the Web of Science core data (WOS) set from 1900-01-01 to 2022-12-31. Chinese literature related to animal models of sarcopenia was retrieved from CNKI database between 1915 and 2022. The bibliometric analysis software VOSviewer was used to explore the countries, orgonizations, authors, hotspots and frontier directions in these studies. ResultsA total of 2 819 articles on animal models of sarcopenia were retrieved from WOS core database. The first paper was published in 1995. The United States has the largest number of animal model studies of sarcopenia with 1 105 articles. The institution with the most published articles is the University of Florida in the United States, with 69 articles. The University of Hong Kong has the highest number of publications in China, with 20 articles. American author Van Remmen H, with 50 publications, is the author of the most articles. The journal with the largest number of articles published on animal models of sarcopenia is the American journal called FASEB Journal, with 196 articles. In total, 423 articles on animal models of sarcopenia were retrieved from the CNKI database. Author LI Zhuyi has published 19 articles, and is the author of the most articles in China. The keyword co-occurrence clustering analysis of WOS literature search found that the research focus on animal model of sarcopenia can be summarized as the correlation between sarcopenia and metabolism, cytology and regenerative medicine of sarcopenia animal models, the study of sarcopenia animal models in bone, muscle, nerve and exercise therapy. The retrieval results of CNKI database revealed that the most extensive research was about on the model of denervated sarcopenia, and researches on the effects of Chinese medicine on sarcopenia were also widely reported. Through reading the full articles or abstracts of the literature, the animal models of sacopenia mainly include natural aging model, genetic modification model, high-fat diet induction model, disuse model, hormone induction model and complex sarcopenia models of other diseases. ConclusionIn recent years, the study on animal model of sarcopenia has become a hotspot at home and abroad.The bibliometric analysis provides a basis for the research of animal models of sarcopenia in terms of research direction, hotspots, model animal selection, animal model making, and domestic and international communication and cooperation.

Maintaining the stemness of the transplanted stem cell spheroids in an inflammatory microenvironment is challenging but important in regenerative medicine. Direct delivery of stem cells to repair periodontal defects may yield suboptimal effects due to the complexity of the periodontal inflammatory environment. Herein, stem cell spheroid is encapsulated by interfacial assembly of metal-phenolic network (MPN) nanofilm to form a stem cell microsphere capsule. Specifically, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) spheroid was coated with Fe^III/tannic acid coordination network to obtain spheroid@[Fe^III-TA] microcapsules. The formed biodegradable MPN biointerface acted as a cytoprotective barrier and exhibited antioxidative, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, effectively remodeling the inflammatory microenvironment and maintaining the stemness of PDLSCs. The stem cell microencapsulation proposed in this study can be applied to multiple stem cells with various functional metal ion/polyphenol coordination, providing a simple yet efficient delivery strategy for stem cell stemness maintenance in an inflammatory environment toward a better therapeutic outcome.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Capsules/pharmacology* ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Encapsulation ; Cells, Cultured ; Ferric Compounds/pharmacology* ; Osteogenesis/physiology* ; Periodontal Ligament ; Polyphenols/pharmacology* ; Stem Cells ; Tannins/pharmacology*

In recent years, cancer had become one of the main causes of death in children and adolescents, which had great adverse effects on their physiology and psychology, leading to serious physiological and psychological problems. Adventure based counseling had the effect of improving physical and mental health and quality of life, and had been widely used in the nursing of children with cancer. This paper reviewed the concept, intervention methods, applicable population and its application in the nursing of children and adolescents with cancer, in order to provide reference for the further research and application of adventure based counseling in children and adolescents with cancer in China.