ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide （DOP）on CCl₄-induced hepatic fibrosis（HF）and its mechanism. MethodsA total of 56 male SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups： normal group（NG），model group（MG），colchicine group（CG， 0.1 mg/kg）， Fuzheng Huayu group（FG， 0.45 g/kg），low-dose DOP group（LDG， 0.05 g/kg），middle-dose DOP group（MDG， 0.1 g/kg）and high-dose DOP group（HDG，0.2 g/kg），with 8 rats in each group. HF rat model was established by subcutaneous injection with 40% CCl₄ olive oil mixture， every 3-day for 10 weeks. At the end of the sixth week， the drug groups were treated with colchicine， Fuzheng Huayu and DOP solution by gavage respectively， once a day for 4 weeks. NG and MG groups were similarly handled with an equal amount of 0.9 % normal saline. Liver histopathology was detected using hematoxylin-eosin （HE）， Masson and Sirius red staining； blood biochemistry was tested for liver function and four indicators of HF； RT-qPCR and Western Blot were used to measure the expression of α-SMA， Col-I， E-cadherin， and ZEB1 genes and proteins in the liver tissues of rats， respectively. ResultsHE， Masson， and Sirius red staining showed that the liver tissue of MG rats had typical pathologic features of HF， and the degree of HF was alleviated in LDG， MDG， and HDG rats， respectively. Liver function test results showed that the serum AST， TBIL， and AKP levels were significantly lower in LDG， MDG， and HDG， compared with those of the MG （P < 0.05 or < 0.01）. Meanwhile， ALT levels in serum deceased remarkably except in LDG （P < 0.05 or < 0.01）. The four results of HF showed that the serum HA， LN， PC-Ⅲ， and COL-Ⅳ levels in LDG， MDG， and HDG rats were significantly decreased compared with those of the MG （P < 0.05 or < 0.01）. The relative expressions of α-SMA， COL-I， and ZEB1 genes and proteins were significantly decreased in the liver tissues of LDG， MDG， and HDG （P < 0.05 or < 0.01）， and the relative expression of E-cadherin gene and protein increased （P < 0.05 or < 0.01）. In addition， the expressions of HA， α-SMA， COL-I， ZEB1 and E-cadherin were dependent on the dose of DOP. ConclusionDOP alleviated the degree of CCl₄ induced HF in rats by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in liver tissue.

Objective:To summarize the experience of brain death determination under veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) assisted circulatory support, especially apnea test (AT) precautions, and to provide references for brain death determination in this scenario.Methods:In 78 patients who had VA-ECMO at Organ Transplant Center, Zhengzhou People's Hospital from October 2019 to December 2023, 8 organ donors had brain death determination under VA-ECMO assisted circulatory support. Baseline data, clinical data, and VA-ECMO data during AT trial were collected from these 8 patients to summarize the process of brain death determination.Results:Six of the 8 donors met the criteria of brain death; 10 EEG, 12 evoked potentials and 15 ATs were performed. Complications in ATs, including hypotension, decreased oxygenation and arrhythmia, were alleviated after timely improved VA-ECMO flow and applied cardiotonic and pressor drugs.Conclusion:AT is key for successful brain death determination in organ donors under VA-ECMO assisted circulatory support; therefore, complications should be closely monitored and managed.

Objective: To explore the prevalence of ametropia in primary and middle school students in Kaiyuan, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, to provide a scientific reference for local prevention and control of juvenile myopia. Methods: In September 2021, 38 534 students from 76 primary and secondary schools in Kaiyuan, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, were selected. The students underwent vision inspection and computer optometry examination. Chi square test was used to compare the prevalence of myopia across gender grade, ethnic group and residence. Results: The prevalence of myopia in primary and secondary schools students was 40.0%, the prevalence of hyperopia was 17.7 %, and that of astigmatism was 21.2%. The prevalence of poor vision was 50.7%, and the total rate of wearing glasses was 17.2 %. The prevalence of myopia among girls (45.7%) was higher than that among boys (34.5%)( χ 2=520.68). The prevalence of myopia among students was higher in urban areas (50.1%) than rural areas (28.4%)( χ 2=1 882.13). The prevalence of myopia in grades 1-9 increased with school grade( χ 2 trend =7 151.41). Significant differences were observed in the prevalence of myopia( χ 2= 1 299.26 ), hyperopia ( χ 2=164.13) and astigmatism ( χ 2=1 091.37) among ethnic groups( P <0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of myopia and astigmatism in primary and middle school students in Kaiyuan, increases with school grade, and the prevalence of myopia varies among ethnic groups. For juvenile myopia prevention and control, attention should be paid to the effects of urban and rural differences, gender differences, and ethnic differences, in a scientific, effective and comprehensive manner.

Oral immunosuppression caused by smoking creates a microenvironment to promote the occurrence and development of oral mucosa precancerous lesions. This study aimed to investigate the role of metabolism and macrophage polarization in cigarette-promoting oral leukoplakia. The effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on macrophage polarization and metabolism were studied in vivo and in vitro. The polarity of macrophages was detected by flow cytometric analysis and qPCR. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to perform a metabolomic analysis of Raw cells stimulated with CSE. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to detect the polarity of macrophages in the condition of glutamine abundance and deficiency. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound-healing assay, and Annexin V-FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate)/PI (propidium iodide) double-staining flow cytometry were applied to detect the growth and transferability and apoptosis of Leuk-1 cells in the supernatant of Raw cells which were stimulated with CSE, glutamine abundance and deficiency. Hyperkeratosis and dysplasia of the epithelium were evident in smoking mice. M2 macrophages increased under CSE stimulation in vivo and in vitro. In total, 162 types of metabolites were detected in the CSE group. The metabolites of nicotine, glutamate, arachidic acid, and arginine changed significantly. The significant enrichment pathways were also selected, including nicotine addiction, glutamine and glutamate metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis. The results also showed that the supernatant of Raw cells stimulated by CSE could induce excessive proliferation of Leuk-1 and inhibit apoptosis. Glutamine abundance can facilitate this process. Cigarette smoke promotes oral leukoplakia via regulating glutamine metabolism and macrophage M2 polarization.
Animals ; Glutamine ; Leukoplakia, Oral ; Macrophages ; Mice ; Smoking ; Tumor Microenvironment

Phenylketonuria is a most common group of genetic metabolic diseases.Phenylketonuria is caused by enzymatic defects in the metabolic pathway,which is characterized by high blood phenylalanine concentration.Patients need early,reasonable treatment once diagnosis,otherwise there will be serious nervous system sequelae.Available treatments aim to decrease the blood phenylalanine concentration,reduce nervous system symptoms.The current primary treatment of phenylketonuria is the limitation of dietary phenylalanine intake.Considering the poor compliance with long-term eating restrictions and the heavy family burden,the application of new medicine such as trahydropterina cofactor,glycomacropeptide,large neutral amino acids can improve the therapeutic effect and living condition of phenylketonuria patients.In addition,recombinant phenylalanine ammonia lyase,hepatocyte transplantation,gene therapy,probiotics and other new treatments also seem to be a promising approach in the near future.

Objective : To investigate the effects of different root canal filling stop on quality of root canal filling and apical sealing in root canals obturated with GuttaFlow. Methods: 60 teeth were randomly divided into three groups, using different root canal filling stops to shape the root canals with MTwo (25/06) file. All root canals were obturated with Gutta Flow, and the overfilling of the root canals were recorded and evaluated by X-ray. And the apical microleakage of teeth was evaluated by transparent teeth technique. Results: The roots were prepared with MTwo (25/06) as master apical file, the overfilling rate of the root canals in root canal filling stop was higher as the distance from the apex was shorter, but there was no significant difference. The under-filling rate of the root canals in root canal filling stop was higher as the distance from the apex was longer. And the under-filled root canals in root canal filling stop 0.5 mm from the apex showed a statistically significant difference with 2 mm. The mean dyeing penetration length in 0.5 mm and 1 mm group was significantly shorter than 2 mm group. Conclusion A suitable root canal filling stop could improve the quality of root canal filling in root canals obturated with GuttaFlow.

Background:Gross target volume of primary tumor (GTV?P) is very important for the prognosis prediction of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but it is unknown whether the same is true for locally advanced NPC patients treated with intensity?modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). This study aimed to clarify the prognostic value of tumor volume for patient with locally advanced NPC receiving IMRT and to ifnd a suitable cut?off value of GTV?P for prognosis prediction. Methods:Clinical data of 358 patients with locally advanced NPC who received IMRT were reviewed. Receiver oper?ating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the cut?off values of GTV?P for the prediction of different end?points [overall survival (OS), local relapse?free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis?free survival (DMFS), and disease?free survival (DFS)] and to test the prognostic value of GTV?P when compared with that of the American Joint Committee on Cancer T staging system. Results:The 358 patients with locally advanced NPC were divided into two groups by the cut?off value of GTV?P as determined using ROC curves: 219 (61.2%) patients with GTV?P≤46.4mL and 139 (38.8%) with GTV?P>46.4mL. The 3?year OS, LRFS, DMFS, and DFS rates were all higher in patients with GTV?P≤46.4mL than in those with GTV?P>46.4mL (allP<0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that GTV?P>46.4mL was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for patient survival. The ROC curve veriifed that the predictive ability of GTV?P was superior to that of T category (P<0.001). The cut?off values of GTV?P for the prediction of OS, LRFS, DMFS, and DFS were 46.4, 57.9, 75.4 and 46.4mL, respectively. Conclusion:In patients with locally advanced NPC, GTV?P>46.4mL is an independent unfavorable prognostic indi?cator for survival after IMRT, with a prognostic value superior to that of T category.

To monitor and record Electrocardiograph (ECG) signals for 24 hours, a mobile ECG monitoring system is designed based on Android 4.3. In this system, domestic indigenous E9622A is used to acquire ECG signals and TI CC2541 is adopted to communicate with mobile phones. The program is implemented on the Android platform to display and process ECG signals. The whole system is integrated on a 2 cm x 2 cm PCB. From experiments, it is shown that ECG signals can be obtained effectively when this system is worn, and clear ECG waveforms and parameters can be shown on the phones. With this system, arrhythmia can be diagnosed preliminarily. It is also shown that the system is low-power, low-cost, flexible and portable.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; diagnosis ; Cell Phone ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Software

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of early intervention of acupuncture on urinary function reconstruction of neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury, so as to find the optimal treatment timing of acupuncture.

METHODSFifty-three patients of neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury were randomly divided into a prior-to-catheter group (25 cases) and a posterior-to-catheter group (28 cases). For the prior-to-catheter group, one week before the removal of catheter, acupoints on the abdomen and back such as Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Baliao (Shangliao (BL 31), Ciliao (BL 32), Zhongliao (BL 33), Xialiao (BL 34), Jiaji (EX-B 2) and acupoints at distal end such as Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were selected; after the catheter removal, simple method. of water column was used to measure bladder capacity pressure to classify the type of bladder, and then different acupuncture manipulations were given; intermittent catheterization was performed if condition was allowed. The posterior-to-catheter group applied identical treatment after removal of catheter as the prior-to-catheter group. The treatment was given 5 times per week; after one-month treatment, five aspects including the time of first effective urination, time of establishing reflex urination, average residual volume of urine, time of residual urine less than 100 mL and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the time of first effective urination, time of establishing reflex urination, average residual volume of urine and time of residual urineless than 100 mL in the prior-to-catheter group were all superior to those in the posterior-to-catheter group (all P<0. 05) ; the score of QOL was improved in two groups after treatment (both P<0. 01), but the difference between two groups was not statistically significant (P>0. 05); each index of urination function was not significant among patients with different injured segments of spinal cord (all P>0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe early intervention of acupuncture (prior to catheter) has obvious improving function on establishing balanced bladder in patients with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury, which is superior to acupuncture intervention after removal of catheter, however, the effects of different injured segments on establishing balanced bladder are not different.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder ; physiopathology ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Urination ; Young Adult

Objective To establish adapted strain of seasonal influenza virus influenza A virus [A/ Hong Kong/1968 (H3N2)] in mice and explore the molecular mechanism of adaption preliminary.Methods The mice model was induced by nose dropping with wild type H3N2 influenza virus,by continuous passage in the lung of mice and detection of the clinical manifestation,viral load,virus titer,pathology,cytokines,to get the adapted strain of seasonal influenza A virus [A/Hong Kong/1968 (H3N2)].Results After 7 times continuous passage in the lung of mice,virulence was increased,viral load and virus titer were increased either.Genome sequencing and alignment indicated that the HA and NA gene was mutated.Conclusion The influenza virus H3N2 of mice lung adaption can be acquired from wild type seasonal H3N2 by continuous passage in the lung tissues of mice.Mutation of Ile to Val at residue 248 of HA and Val to Ile at residue 444of NA protein may be the key virulence determinant.