Background: and Purpose Although amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) might provide a molecular diagnosis for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), it does not have sufficient specificity for this condition relative to incipient Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To identify a regional amyloid uptake pattern specific to CAA, we attempted to reduce this overlap by selecting “pure CAA” (i.e., fulfilling the criteria for probable CAA but without tau PET AD signature) and “pure AD” (i.e., positive amyloid PET and presence of tau PET AD signature, but without lobar hemorrhagic lesions). We hypothesized that occipital tracer uptake relative to the whole cortex (WC) would be higher in patients with pure CAA and may serve as a specific diagnostic marker. Methods: Patients who fulfilled these criteria were identified. In addition to the occipital region of interest (ROI), we assessed the frontal and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) ROIs that are sensitive to AD. Amyloid PET uptake was expressed as the absolute standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and ROI/WC ratio. The diagnostic utility of amyloid PET was assessed using the Youden index cutoff. Results: Eighteen patients with AD and 42 patients with CAAs of comparable age were eligible. The occipital/WC was significantly higher in CAA than AD (1.02 [0.97–1.06] vs. 0.95 [0.87–1.01], P=0.001), with an area under curve of 0.762 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.635–0.889) and a specificity of 72.2% (95% CI 46.5–90.3) at Youden cutoff (0.98). The occipital lobe, frontal lobe, PCC and WC SUVRs were significantly lower in CAA than in AD. The frontal/WC and PCC/WC ratios did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion Using stringent patient selection to minimize between-condition overlap, this study demonstrated the specificity of higher relative occipital amyloid uptake in CAA than in AD.

Background: Despite the fact that an increasing number of studies have focused on developing therapies for acute lung injury, managing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a challenge in intensive care medicine.Whether the pathology of animal models with acute lung injury in prior studies differed from clinical symptoms of ARDS, resulting in questionable management for human ARDS. To evaluate precisely the therapeutic effect of trans‑ planted stem cells or medications on acute lung injury, we developed an animal model of severe ARDS with lower lung function, capable of keeping the experimental animals survive with consistent reproducibility. Establishing this animal model could help develop the treatment of ARDS with higher efficiency. Results: In this approach, we intratracheally delivered bleomycin (BLM, 5 mg/rat) into rats’ left trachea via a needle connected with polyethylene tube, and simultaneously rotated the rats to the left side by 60 degrees. Within sevendays after the injury, we found that arterial blood oxygen saturation ­(SpO2 ) significantly decreased to 83.7%, partial pressure of arterial oxygen ­(PaO2 ) markedly reduced to 65.3 mmHg, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide ­(PaCO2 )amplified to 49.2 mmHg, and the respiratory rate increased over time. Morphologically, the surface of the left lung appeared uneven on Day 1, the alveoli of the left lung disappeared on Day 2, and the left lung shrank on Day 7. A his‑ tological examination revealed that considerable cell infiltration began on Day 1 and lasted until Day 7, with a larger area of cell infiltration. Serum levels of IL-5, IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-2, G-CSF, and TNF-α substantially rose on Day 7. Conclusions This modified approach for BLM-induced lung injury provided a severe, stable, and one-sided (left-lobe) ARDS animal model with consistent reproducibility. The physiological symptoms observed in this severe ARDS animal model are entirely consistent with the characteristics of clinical ARDS. The establishment of this ARDS animal model could help develop treatment for ARDS.

Background: Despite the fact that an increasing number of studies have focused on developing therapies for acute lung injury, managing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a challenge in intensive care medicine.Whether the pathology of animal models with acute lung injury in prior studies differed from clinical symptoms of ARDS, resulting in questionable management for human ARDS. To evaluate precisely the therapeutic effect of trans‑ planted stem cells or medications on acute lung injury, we developed an animal model of severe ARDS with lower lung function, capable of keeping the experimental animals survive with consistent reproducibility. Establishing this animal model could help develop the treatment of ARDS with higher efficiency. Results: In this approach, we intratracheally delivered bleomycin (BLM, 5 mg/rat) into rats’ left trachea via a needle connected with polyethylene tube, and simultaneously rotated the rats to the left side by 60 degrees. Within sevendays after the injury, we found that arterial blood oxygen saturation ­(SpO2 ) significantly decreased to 83.7%, partial pressure of arterial oxygen ­(PaO2 ) markedly reduced to 65.3 mmHg, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide ­(PaCO2 )amplified to 49.2 mmHg, and the respiratory rate increased over time. Morphologically, the surface of the left lung appeared uneven on Day 1, the alveoli of the left lung disappeared on Day 2, and the left lung shrank on Day 7. A his‑ tological examination revealed that considerable cell infiltration began on Day 1 and lasted until Day 7, with a larger area of cell infiltration. Serum levels of IL-5, IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-2, G-CSF, and TNF-α substantially rose on Day 7. Conclusions This modified approach for BLM-induced lung injury provided a severe, stable, and one-sided (left-lobe) ARDS animal model with consistent reproducibility. The physiological symptoms observed in this severe ARDS animal model are entirely consistent with the characteristics of clinical ARDS. The establishment of this ARDS animal model could help develop treatment for ARDS.

Background: Despite the fact that an increasing number of studies have focused on developing therapies for acute lung injury, managing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a challenge in intensive care medicine.Whether the pathology of animal models with acute lung injury in prior studies differed from clinical symptoms of ARDS, resulting in questionable management for human ARDS. To evaluate precisely the therapeutic effect of trans‑ planted stem cells or medications on acute lung injury, we developed an animal model of severe ARDS with lower lung function, capable of keeping the experimental animals survive with consistent reproducibility. Establishing this animal model could help develop the treatment of ARDS with higher efficiency. Results: In this approach, we intratracheally delivered bleomycin (BLM, 5 mg/rat) into rats’ left trachea via a needle connected with polyethylene tube, and simultaneously rotated the rats to the left side by 60 degrees. Within sevendays after the injury, we found that arterial blood oxygen saturation ­(SpO2 ) significantly decreased to 83.7%, partial pressure of arterial oxygen ­(PaO2 ) markedly reduced to 65.3 mmHg, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide ­(PaCO2 )amplified to 49.2 mmHg, and the respiratory rate increased over time. Morphologically, the surface of the left lung appeared uneven on Day 1, the alveoli of the left lung disappeared on Day 2, and the left lung shrank on Day 7. A his‑ tological examination revealed that considerable cell infiltration began on Day 1 and lasted until Day 7, with a larger area of cell infiltration. Serum levels of IL-5, IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-2, G-CSF, and TNF-α substantially rose on Day 7. Conclusions This modified approach for BLM-induced lung injury provided a severe, stable, and one-sided (left-lobe) ARDS animal model with consistent reproducibility. The physiological symptoms observed in this severe ARDS animal model are entirely consistent with the characteristics of clinical ARDS. The establishment of this ARDS animal model could help develop treatment for ARDS.

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of action of Lifei Xiaoji Pill （理肺消积丸， LXP） in the treatment of non small cell lung cancer based on the Warburg effect and the USP47/BACH1 pathway. MethodsFifty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups， model group， LXP group， inhibitor group， LXP + inhibitor group， and cisplatin group， with 10 mice in each group. A lung cancer mouse model was established by subcutaneously injecting Lewis cells. On the next day， the model group mice were given 0.2 ml of saline by gavage daily， the LXP group given 240 mg/（kg·d） of LXP solution once a day by gavage， the inhibitor group intraperitoneally injected with P22077 at a dose of 10 mg/（kg·d） every day， the LXP + inhibitor group given both LXP by gavage and P22077 by intraperitoneal injection once a day， and the cisplatin group received 0.5 mg/（kg·d） cisplatin intraperitoneally every other day. All treatments lasted for 14 days. On the day after the last dose， tumor weight and volume were measured， tumor histopathology was examined by HE staining， apoptosis in tumor tissues was detected by TUNEL staining， and proliferation cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） protein levels were detected by immunohistochemistry. Warburg effect indicators， including glucose concentration， lactate content， and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） production in tumor tissues， were measured. Western Blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of USP47， BACH1， hexokinase 2 （HK2）， and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH）. ResultsCompared with the model group， all drug intervention groups showed reduced tumor weight and volume， improved tumor pathology， decreased PCNA positive rate， increased apoptosis rate， and reduced expression levels of USP47， BACH1， and HK2 proteins and mRNA （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Except for lactate content in the cisplatin group， the glucose concentration in tumor tissues of other drug intervention groups increased， while lactate content and ATP production decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the LXP group， the LXP + inhibitor group showed more significant improvements in these indicators （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the cisplatin group， the LXP + inhibitor group had lower mRNA expression of HK2 and GAPDH， and lower protein levels of USP47 and HK2 （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the inhibitor group， the cisplatin group had higher HK2 protein levels， while the LXP + inhibitor group showed lower mRNA expression of BACH1， HK2， and GAPDH （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionLXP significantly inhibits tumor growth in lung cancer mice， and its mechanism of action may be related to inhibiting the Warburg effect via the USP47/BACH1 pathway.

Background: and Purpose Although amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) might provide a molecular diagnosis for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), it does not have sufficient specificity for this condition relative to incipient Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To identify a regional amyloid uptake pattern specific to CAA, we attempted to reduce this overlap by selecting “pure CAA” (i.e., fulfilling the criteria for probable CAA but without tau PET AD signature) and “pure AD” (i.e., positive amyloid PET and presence of tau PET AD signature, but without lobar hemorrhagic lesions). We hypothesized that occipital tracer uptake relative to the whole cortex (WC) would be higher in patients with pure CAA and may serve as a specific diagnostic marker. Methods: Patients who fulfilled these criteria were identified. In addition to the occipital region of interest (ROI), we assessed the frontal and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) ROIs that are sensitive to AD. Amyloid PET uptake was expressed as the absolute standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and ROI/WC ratio. The diagnostic utility of amyloid PET was assessed using the Youden index cutoff. Results: Eighteen patients with AD and 42 patients with CAAs of comparable age were eligible. The occipital/WC was significantly higher in CAA than AD (1.02 [0.97–1.06] vs. 0.95 [0.87–1.01], P=0.001), with an area under curve of 0.762 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.635–0.889) and a specificity of 72.2% (95% CI 46.5–90.3) at Youden cutoff (0.98). The occipital lobe, frontal lobe, PCC and WC SUVRs were significantly lower in CAA than in AD. The frontal/WC and PCC/WC ratios did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion Using stringent patient selection to minimize between-condition overlap, this study demonstrated the specificity of higher relative occipital amyloid uptake in CAA than in AD.

Background: Despite the fact that an increasing number of studies have focused on developing therapies for acute lung injury, managing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a challenge in intensive care medicine.Whether the pathology of animal models with acute lung injury in prior studies differed from clinical symptoms of ARDS, resulting in questionable management for human ARDS. To evaluate precisely the therapeutic effect of trans‑ planted stem cells or medications on acute lung injury, we developed an animal model of severe ARDS with lower lung function, capable of keeping the experimental animals survive with consistent reproducibility. Establishing this animal model could help develop the treatment of ARDS with higher efficiency. Results: In this approach, we intratracheally delivered bleomycin (BLM, 5 mg/rat) into rats’ left trachea via a needle connected with polyethylene tube, and simultaneously rotated the rats to the left side by 60 degrees. Within sevendays after the injury, we found that arterial blood oxygen saturation ­(SpO2 ) significantly decreased to 83.7%, partial pressure of arterial oxygen ­(PaO2 ) markedly reduced to 65.3 mmHg, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide ­(PaCO2 )amplified to 49.2 mmHg, and the respiratory rate increased over time. Morphologically, the surface of the left lung appeared uneven on Day 1, the alveoli of the left lung disappeared on Day 2, and the left lung shrank on Day 7. A his‑ tological examination revealed that considerable cell infiltration began on Day 1 and lasted until Day 7, with a larger area of cell infiltration. Serum levels of IL-5, IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-2, G-CSF, and TNF-α substantially rose on Day 7. Conclusions This modified approach for BLM-induced lung injury provided a severe, stable, and one-sided (left-lobe) ARDS animal model with consistent reproducibility. The physiological symptoms observed in this severe ARDS animal model are entirely consistent with the characteristics of clinical ARDS. The establishment of this ARDS animal model could help develop treatment for ARDS.

Background: and Purpose Although amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) might provide a molecular diagnosis for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), it does not have sufficient specificity for this condition relative to incipient Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To identify a regional amyloid uptake pattern specific to CAA, we attempted to reduce this overlap by selecting “pure CAA” (i.e., fulfilling the criteria for probable CAA but without tau PET AD signature) and “pure AD” (i.e., positive amyloid PET and presence of tau PET AD signature, but without lobar hemorrhagic lesions). We hypothesized that occipital tracer uptake relative to the whole cortex (WC) would be higher in patients with pure CAA and may serve as a specific diagnostic marker. Methods: Patients who fulfilled these criteria were identified. In addition to the occipital region of interest (ROI), we assessed the frontal and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) ROIs that are sensitive to AD. Amyloid PET uptake was expressed as the absolute standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and ROI/WC ratio. The diagnostic utility of amyloid PET was assessed using the Youden index cutoff. Results: Eighteen patients with AD and 42 patients with CAAs of comparable age were eligible. The occipital/WC was significantly higher in CAA than AD (1.02 [0.97–1.06] vs. 0.95 [0.87–1.01], P=0.001), with an area under curve of 0.762 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.635–0.889) and a specificity of 72.2% (95% CI 46.5–90.3) at Youden cutoff (0.98). The occipital lobe, frontal lobe, PCC and WC SUVRs were significantly lower in CAA than in AD. The frontal/WC and PCC/WC ratios did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion Using stringent patient selection to minimize between-condition overlap, this study demonstrated the specificity of higher relative occipital amyloid uptake in CAA than in AD.

Background: Despite the fact that an increasing number of studies have focused on developing therapies for acute lung injury, managing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a challenge in intensive care medicine.Whether the pathology of animal models with acute lung injury in prior studies differed from clinical symptoms of ARDS, resulting in questionable management for human ARDS. To evaluate precisely the therapeutic effect of trans‑ planted stem cells or medications on acute lung injury, we developed an animal model of severe ARDS with lower lung function, capable of keeping the experimental animals survive with consistent reproducibility. Establishing this animal model could help develop the treatment of ARDS with higher efficiency. Results: In this approach, we intratracheally delivered bleomycin (BLM, 5 mg/rat) into rats’ left trachea via a needle connected with polyethylene tube, and simultaneously rotated the rats to the left side by 60 degrees. Within sevendays after the injury, we found that arterial blood oxygen saturation ­(SpO2 ) significantly decreased to 83.7%, partial pressure of arterial oxygen ­(PaO2 ) markedly reduced to 65.3 mmHg, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide ­(PaCO2 )amplified to 49.2 mmHg, and the respiratory rate increased over time. Morphologically, the surface of the left lung appeared uneven on Day 1, the alveoli of the left lung disappeared on Day 2, and the left lung shrank on Day 7. A his‑ tological examination revealed that considerable cell infiltration began on Day 1 and lasted until Day 7, with a larger area of cell infiltration. Serum levels of IL-5, IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-2, G-CSF, and TNF-α substantially rose on Day 7. Conclusions This modified approach for BLM-induced lung injury provided a severe, stable, and one-sided (left-lobe) ARDS animal model with consistent reproducibility. The physiological symptoms observed in this severe ARDS animal model are entirely consistent with the characteristics of clinical ARDS. The establishment of this ARDS animal model could help develop treatment for ARDS.

Based on the strategy of metabolomics combined with bioinformatics, this study analyzed the potential allergens and mechanism of pseudo-allergic reactions (PARs) induced by the combined use of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection. All animal experiments and welfare are in accordance with the requirements of the First Affiliated Experimental Animal Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: YFYDW2020002). Based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology combined with UNIFI software, a total of 21 compounds were identified in Reduning and penicillin G mixed injection. Based on molecular docking technology, 10 potential allergens with strong binding activity to MrgprX2 agonist sites were further screened. Metabolomics analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology revealed that 34 differential metabolites such as arachidonic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes were endogenous differential metabolites of PARs caused by combined use of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection. Through the analysis of the "potential allergen-target-endogenous differential metabolite" interaction network, the chlorogenic acids (such as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and isochlorogenic acid A) and β-lactam allergens in the combination of the two may be mainly regulated by PLD1, PLA2G12A and CYP1A1. The three upstream signal target proteins mainly activate the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, promote the degranulation of mast cells, release downstream endogenous inflammatory mediators, and induce PARs.