Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in a rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD).Methods The experiment consisted of two parts.(1)Forty-eight preterm rats were randomly divided into a normoxia group and a hyperoxia group,with 24 rats in each group.The hyperoxia group was exposed to 85%oxygen to establish a BPD model,while the normoxia group was kept in room air at normal pressure.Lung tissue samples were collected on days 1,4,7,and 14 of the experiment.(2)Rat type II alveolar epithelial cells(RLE-6TN)were randomly divided into a normoxia group(cultured in air)and a hyperoxia group(cultured in 95%oxygen),and cell samples were collected 12,24,and 48 hours after hyperoxia exposure.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe alveolarization in preterm rat lungs,and immunofluorescence was used to detect the co-localization of surfactant protein C(SPC)and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)in preterm rat lung tissue and RLE-6TN cells.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and protein immunoblotting were used to detect the expression levels of EMT-related mRNA and proteins in preterm rat lung tissue and RLE-6TN cells.Results(1)Compared with the normoxia group,the hyperoxia group showed blocked alveolarization and simplified alveolar structure after 7 days of hyperoxia exposure.Co-localization of SPC and α-SMA was observed in lung tissue,with decreased SPC expression and increased α-SMA expression in the hyperoxia group at 7 and 14 days of hyperoxia exposure compared to the normoxia group.In the hyperoxia group,the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1,α-SMA,and N-cadherin were increased,while the mRNA and protein levels of SPC and E-cadherin were decreased at 7 and 14 days of hyperoxia exposure compared to the normoxia group(P<0.05).(2)SPC and α-SMA was observed in RLE-6TN cells,with decreased SPC expression and increased α-SMA expression in the hyperoxia group at 24 and 48 hours of hyperoxia exposure compared to the normoxia group.Compared to the normoxia group,the mRNA and protein levels of SPC and E-cadherin in the hyperoxia group were decreased,while the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1,α-SMA,and E-cadherin in the hyperoxia group increased at 48 hours of hyperoxia exposure(P<0.05).Conclusions EMT disrupts the tight connections between alveolar epithelial cells in a preterm rat model of BPD,leading to simplified alveolar structure and abnormal development,and is involved in the development of BPD.

Objective:To observe the effect of auricular pressure beans(APN)combined with Compound Tung-Leaf Burn Oil(CTBO)on perioperative anxiety and pain in patients undergoing circumcision.Methods:This study included 100 patients undergo-ing circumcision with the disposable circumcision anastomosis stapler in our hospital from August 2023 to November 2023,of whom 50 received routine circumcision nursing care(the control group)and other 50 APN combined with compound CTBO in addition(the ob-servation group).We compared between the two groups the anxiety scores before any intervention,30 minutes before and 24 hours and 10 days after operation,the pain scores 24 hours postoperatively and at the first change of wound dressing,the frequency of 3-day post-operative sleep awakenings,the incidence of complications,and the satisfaction of the patients.Results:Totally,94 patients com-pleted the study,46 in the observation and 48 in the control group.The anxiety scores exhibited no statistically significant difference between the two groups of patients before any intervention(P>0.05),but were markedly lower in the observation than in the control group at 30 minutes before and 24 hours and 10 days after surgery(P<0.05),and so were the pain scores24 hours after surgery and at the first change of wound dressing(P<0.05),and the frequency of 3-day postoperative sleep awakenings(P<0.05).The satis-faction rate of the patients was remarkably higher(P<0.05)while the incidence of complications significantly lower in the observation group than in the control(P<0.05).Conclusion:Auricular pressure beans combined with Compound Tung-Leaf Burn Oil can ef-fectively alleviate perioperative anxiety,reduce postoperative pain and improve satisfaction of the patients undergoing circumcision.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetic heterogeneous disease in which primordial and juvenile myeloid cells proliferate or accumulate abnormally in bone marrow, peripheral blood and other tissues, resulting in damage to normal hematopoietic function. Studies have shown that about 30% of AML patients have FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), FLT3 abnormal regulation is closely related to the occurrence and development of AML. At present, FLT3 has become an important target for developing small molecular targeted drugs. Currently, a variety of FLT3 inhibitors and FLT3 degraders have been developed targeting FLT3, and some compounds have exhibited good anti-AML activity. This article summarizes and sorts out the current mainstream drugs for AML therapeutic targeting FLT3, in order to provide a reference for the development and design of AML drugs.

Humans ; Esophageal Achalasia/genetics* ; Cardia ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins

Humans ; Pyriform Sinus/surgery* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Fistula/surgery* ; Diagnostic Errors ; Pharyngeal Diseases/surgery*

Objective: To investigate the expression of VISTA and PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and to explore its relationship with clinicopathologic features and prognosis. Methods: Ninety TNBC patients who underwent surgical resections between 2016 to 2018 in Jiangsu Province Hospital were selected. The expression of VISTA and PD-L1 in both tumor cells and immune cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the relationship with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis was analyzed. Results: VISTA was expressed in 17.8% (16/90) of the tumors. The expression of VISTA in tumor cells was related to a higher Ki-67 proliferation index (P=0.02) and higher number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL, P<0.01). VISTA was expressed in 71.1% (64/90) of the immune cells and the expression correlated with smaller tumor size (P=0.02), lower T stage (P=0.04), higher number of TIL (P<0.01), higher number of CD8⁺T cells (P=0.03) and higher Ki-67 proliferation index (P=0.02). PD-L1 was expressed in 17.8% (16/90) of the immune cells and the expression correlated with higher histologic grade (P=0.04), higher Ki-67 proliferation index (P=0.02) and higher number of TIL (P<0.01). VISTA expression was higher in immune cells within TNBC patients than PD-L1 (P<0.01). Among 90 TNBC patients, complete follow-up was obtained in 85 patients, 8 of whom had recurrences or metastasis after surgery, and two patients cases died of recurrences or metastasis. Conclusions: The expression rate of VISTA is higher than that of PD-L1 in TNBC. The expression of VISTA in immune cells predicts a lower T stage. VISTA may act as an effective immunotherapy target.
B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism* ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/surgery*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy, and safety of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) in high interest cancers in China, including esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), and non-small cell lung can-cer (NSCLC). METHODS: This phase I, open-label study was conducted at 6 Chinese sites from August 4, 2016 to April 15, 2019. The patients were ≥18 years old with a histologically documented incurable or metastatic solid tumor that was advanced or recurrent and had progressed since the last anti-tumor the-rapy. The PK phase characterized PK and safety of atezolizumab following multiple-dose administration when atezolizumab was administered as a single agent. The extension phase studied safety and efficacy of atezolizumab, as monotherapy (EC, GC, HCC, NPC) and with chemotherapy (NSCLC). RESULTS: This study enrolled 120 patients (PK phase: n=20; extension phase: n=20/cohort). Fourty-two patients (42.0%) were PD-L1 positive in atezolizumab monotherapy group (100 patients), of the 9 patients (9.0%) with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumors. Atezolizumab clearance was 0.219 L/d, and steady state was reached after 6 to 9 weeks (2-3 cycles) of repeated dosing. Objective response rates (ORRs) in EC, GC, HCC, NPC, and NSCLC were 10.0%, 15.0%, 10.0%, 5.0%, and 40.0%, respectively. In the patients with PD-L1 positive tumors, ORR was 11.9% with atezolizumab and 46.2% with atezolizumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin. Two GC patients achieved durable response after pseudo-progression. The most common treatment-related adverse events in the atezolizumab monotherapy group were fatigue, anemia, fever, and decreased white blood cell count. The most common treatment-related adverse events in the combination group were anemia, decreased white blood cell count, and decreased appetite. No new safety signals were identified. CONCLUSION Atezolizumab's PK, efficacy, and safety were similar in Chinese patients vs. global patients in previous studies.
Adolescent ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy* ; Cisplatin/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy*

Medicinal plants have provided numerous medicinal active ingredients for thousands of years and these ingredients have been used in Chinese medicine (CM) and traditional pharmacologies worldwide. Recently, the exploitation and utilisation of medicinal plant resources has increased significantly. The results of the studies have led to the identification of many active components, such as steroidal alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and glycosides, in various medicinal plants with different evolutionary levels. Moreover, research on the chemical classification, molecular phylogeny, and pharmacological activity of medicinal plants is increasing in popularity. Pharmacophylogeny is an interdisciplinary topic that studies the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical composition, and curative effects (pharmacological activity and the traditional curative effect) of medicinal plants. In addition, it provides the basic tools to enable research and development of CM resources. This literature review, based on the genetic relationship between phytogroup and species, highlights the formation process, research content, applications, and future directions of pharmacophylogeny.
Alkaloids ; Glycosides ; Plant Extracts/chemistry* ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry* ; Saponins ; Terpenes

Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and tuberculosis (TB) are major public health and social issues worldwide. The long-term follow-up of COVID-19 with pulmonary TB (PTB) survivors after discharge is unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively describe clinical outcomes, including sequela and recurrence at 3, 12, and 24 months after discharge, among COVID-19 with PTB survivors. Methods From January 22, 2020 to May 6, 2022, with a follow-up by August 26, 2022, a prospective, multicenter follow-up study was conducted on COVID-19 with PTB survivors after discharge in 13hospitals from four provinces in China. Clinical outcomes, including sequela, recurrence of COVID-19, and PTB survivors, were collected via telephone and face-to-face interviews at 3, 12, and 24 months after discharge. Results Thirty-two COVID-19 with PTB survivors were included. The median age was 52 (45, 59) years, and 23 (71.9％) were men. Among them, nearly two-thirds (62.5％) of the survivors were moderate, three (9.4％) were severe, and more than half (59.4％) had at least one comorbidity (PTB excluded). The proportion of COVID-19 survivors with at least one sequela symptom decreased from 40.6％ at 3 months to 15.8％ at 24 months, with anxiety having a higher proportion over a follow-up. Cough and amnesia recovered at the 12-month follow-up, while anxiety, fatigue, and trouble sleeping remained after 24 months. Additionally, one (3.1％) case presented two recurrences of PTB and no re-positive COVID-19 during the follow-up period. Conclusion The proportion of long symptoms in COVID-19 with PTB survivors decreased over time, while nearly one in six still experience persistent symptoms with a higher proportion of anxiety. The recurrence of PTB and the psychological support of COVID-19 with PTB after discharge require more attention.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effects of different anterior surgical methods in treating single segment cervical disc herniation. METHODS: The clinical data of 46 patients with single-segment cervical disc herniation underwent surgical treatment from September 2013 to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups according to different surgical methods. Among them, 23 patients in the anterior percutanousendomic cervical dissection (APECD) group, there were 8 males and 15 females, aged (47±3) years old, prominent segments were C RESULTS: All 46 patients were followed up for 12 to 24 (17.57±3.15)months. The follow-up time of APECD, CDR, ACDF groups were (17.30±3.25), (17.80±3.16), (17.85±2.88) months, and operation time were (95.48 ±13.85), (58.50±7.09), (76.00±15.72) min, respectively, there were no significant differences in follow-up time and operation time between two groups( CONCLUSION The three anterior surgical approaches can achieve satisfactory clinical results for the treatment of single-segment cervical disc herniation. However, the improvement rate of the CDR group and the activity of the retained responsibility segment are better than those of the other two groups. APECD surgery may have recurrence.
Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae/surgery* ; Diskectomy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/surgery* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion ; Total Disc Replacement ; Treatment Outcome