Objective:To investigate the current status of perceived vulnerability of parents of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to conduct a path analysis of its influencing factors, in order to provide a reference for reducing the level of perceived vulnerability of parents of children with T1DM.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 500 parents of children with T1DM who were treated in 4 hospitals in Henan Province from January 2019 to May 2020 were selected as the research objects. The survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire, Child Vulnerability Scale (CVS) , Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) , General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) . Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the influencing factors of parental perceived vulnerability in children with T1DM. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed and 489 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.8%.Results:Scores of CVS, PSSS, PSI-SF and GSES of 489 parents of children with T1DM were respectively (6.40±2.17) , (60.47±2.17) , (87.16±7.87) and (24.85±1.42) . The structural equation model showed that social support, self-efficacy and parenting stress had direct effects on the perceived vulnerability of children's parents, while education level and per capita monthly income had direct and indirect effects on the perceived vulnerability of children's parents through self-efficacy and parenting stress. The course of disease and parental age had indirect effects on parental vulnerability perception through social support and parenting stress ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Parents of children with T1DM have a high level of perceived vulnerability, which is affected by factors such as social support, self-efficacy, parenting pressure, educational level and per capita monthly income. It is suggested that medical staff should carry out disease awareness education for parents of children, pay attention to their psychological change, improve the level of self-efficacy, encourage them to obtain more social support, reduce the burden of care and take timely multi-faceted interventions to reduce their perceived vulnerability.