Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of jujube core-shaped tissue resection technique in the treatment of alar reduction.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of patients who underwent alar reduction from February 2019 to June 2022. A spindle-shaped incision line was designed along the outer edge of the base of the nasal lobule, with a width of 4-5 mm and a length of 8-12 mm. The incision line was 1-2 mm away from the alar groove, and the inner side of the design line was extended to the inside of the nasal vestibule. After the incision was made, the subcutaneous tissue was undermining dissected with curved sharp scissors, and the shape of the extended excision tissue was similar to that of jujube core. After reduction, the incision was closed with vertical mattress suture. The surgical effect and complications were followed up after surgery, and an independent attending plastic surgeon evaluated the outcome and scarring based on photos before and at the last postoperative follow-up using the global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) and the Vancouver scar scale (VSS). GAIS is graded as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 points, and the lower the score, the better the improvement(≤3 points as effective improvement). VSS includes four parameters: color (0-3 points), thickness (0-4 points), vascular distribution (0-3 points), and softness (0-5 points). The higher the score, the more significant the scar is.Results:A total of 20 patients were enrolled, including 6 males and 14 females, aged 20 to 33 years, with an average age of 24.9 years. Before the operation, there were different degrees of alar flare and alar hypertrophy. After surgery, 13 patients had mild swelling, ecchymosis, which resolved after 3 days. There were no major complications as infection, incision dehiscence, and delayed healing. After 3 to 16 months of postoperative follow-up, 2 patients gradually developed cartilage deformation and affected the appearance of the nostrils 6 to 9 months after surgery due to the combination of rib-based rhinoplasty, and the satisfactory results were obtained after revision surgery. The symmetry of the nostrils was significantly improved. The GAIS score of 20 patients was (1.20±0.41) points, of which, 16 patients were rated as 1 point and 4 patients were rated as 2 points, all of which met the improvement criteria, and the VSS score was (1.45±0.60) points, in which the average score for color, thickness, vasculature and compliance are 0.60, 0.05, 0.55 and 0.30 points respectively.Conclusion:The application of jujube core-shaped tissue resection technique for alar reduction can increase the amount of tissue removal with the same incision width, which can not only fully narrow the alar effectively but also correct the hypertrophy of the alar tissue.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of jujube core-shaped tissue resection technique in the treatment of alar reduction.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of patients who underwent alar reduction from February 2019 to June 2022. A spindle-shaped incision line was designed along the outer edge of the base of the nasal lobule, with a width of 4-5 mm and a length of 8-12 mm. The incision line was 1-2 mm away from the alar groove, and the inner side of the design line was extended to the inside of the nasal vestibule. After the incision was made, the subcutaneous tissue was undermining dissected with curved sharp scissors, and the shape of the extended excision tissue was similar to that of jujube core. After reduction, the incision was closed with vertical mattress suture. The surgical effect and complications were followed up after surgery, and an independent attending plastic surgeon evaluated the outcome and scarring based on photos before and at the last postoperative follow-up using the global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) and the Vancouver scar scale (VSS). GAIS is graded as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 points, and the lower the score, the better the improvement(≤3 points as effective improvement). VSS includes four parameters: color (0-3 points), thickness (0-4 points), vascular distribution (0-3 points), and softness (0-5 points). The higher the score, the more significant the scar is.Results:A total of 20 patients were enrolled, including 6 males and 14 females, aged 20 to 33 years, with an average age of 24.9 years. Before the operation, there were different degrees of alar flare and alar hypertrophy. After surgery, 13 patients had mild swelling, ecchymosis, which resolved after 3 days. There were no major complications as infection, incision dehiscence, and delayed healing. After 3 to 16 months of postoperative follow-up, 2 patients gradually developed cartilage deformation and affected the appearance of the nostrils 6 to 9 months after surgery due to the combination of rib-based rhinoplasty, and the satisfactory results were obtained after revision surgery. The symmetry of the nostrils was significantly improved. The GAIS score of 20 patients was (1.20±0.41) points, of which, 16 patients were rated as 1 point and 4 patients were rated as 2 points, all of which met the improvement criteria, and the VSS score was (1.45±0.60) points, in which the average score for color, thickness, vasculature and compliance are 0.60, 0.05, 0.55 and 0.30 points respectively.Conclusion:The application of jujube core-shaped tissue resection technique for alar reduction can increase the amount of tissue removal with the same incision width, which can not only fully narrow the alar effectively but also correct the hypertrophy of the alar tissue.

ObjectiveTo study the potential quality marker （Q-marker） of Tinosporae Radix associated with efficacy of "relieving sore throat" based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， multivariate statistical analysis （MSA）， and network pharmacology. MethodUPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to identify the main chemical components in 18 batches of Tinosporae Radix. On this basis， principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were employed to screen out the main marker components that caused differences between groups. Moreover， network pharmacology technology was applied to predict the potential "sore throat-relieving" components， and the molecular docking between the common components resulting from MSA and network pharmacology and the core targets was carried out to verify the marker components. ResultA total of 17 compounds， including alkaloids， diterpenoid lactones， and sterols， were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Five main differential components were found by MSA： Columbamine， jatrorrhizine， palmatine， menisperine， and columbin. Network pharmacology analysis yielded six compounds： tetrahydropalmatine， palmatine， menisperine， fibleucin， neoechinulin A， and columbin which were selected as potential "sore throat-relieving" components of Tinosporae Radix. They may relieve sore throat by acting on interleukin-6， epidermal growth factor receptor， prostaglandin G/H synthase 2， matrix metalloproteinase-9， proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src and other targets， and regulating Hepatitis B， influenza A， human T-cell virus infection， human cytomegalovirus infection， coronavirus disease-2019， and other signaling pathways. The common active components in Tinosporae Radix resulting from MSA and network pharmacology analysis were palmatine， menisperine， and columbin， which had high binding affinity with six core targets and can be used as the Q-marker components of Tinosporae Radix in "relieving sore throat". ConclusionThis study predicts the "sore throat-relieving" Q-marker of Tinosporae Radix， which lays a basis for developing the quality standard of Tinosporae Radix based on the efficacy and improving the quality evaluation system of the medicinal.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of Angelica dahurica decoction pieces processed by different drying methods. METHODS Adobe Photoshop 2020 software was used to determine the red green degree （a）， yellow blue degree （b） and brightness （L） values of A. dahurica decoction pieces processed by 3 drying methods as steamed-cut and fresh-cut-dried， and semi- fresh-cut-dried. The contents of nine coumarins such as umbelliferone in A. dahurica decoction pieces processed by 3 drying methods were determined by HPLC. SPSS 26.00 software and SIMCA14.0 software were used to conduct principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis on the content of coumarin in 32 batches of A. dahurica decoction pieces. Gray correlation analysis was conducted on the color of the powder and the coumarins contents in A. dahurica decoction pieces. RESULTS The a， b and L were 0-2.4， 6.0-20.3 and 35.6-51.1 in 32 batches of A. dahurica decoction pieces. The contents of umbelliferone， byakangelicin， psoralen， xanthotoxin， bergapten， oxypeucedanin， imperatorin， phellopterin and isoimperatorin were 0.026-0.324， 0.051-0.549， 0-0.113， 0-0.398， 0.256-1.115， 1.434-6.014， 1.866-4.039， 0.742-1.455 and 0.789-2.642 mg/g， respectively. And the total content ranged 6.442-13.382 mg/g， respectively. The results of principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of BZ-27-BZ-30 and BZ-32 batches of semi-fresh-cut-dried decoction pieces were in the top order， and the internal quality of the other two kinds of decoction pieces was quite different. The results of partial least squares discriminant analysis showed that semi-fresh-cut-dried decoction pieces were clustered into one category， poor separation was observed in steamed-cut and fresh-cut-dried decoction pieces. Results of gray correlation analysis showed that the correlationcoefficients of L and b with bergapten， oxypeucedanin，imperatorin， phellopterin， isoimperatorin and b with psoralen were all greater than 0.8， a had a low correlation with all components. CONCLUSIONS The appearance traits of A. dahurica decoction pieces have strong correlation with the contents of coumarins. The quality of the decoction pieces can be roughly judged by the color， i.e. the whiter the color of the decoction pieces， the better the quality. The quality of sample obtained by semi- fresh-cut-dried is better than steamed-cut and fresh-cut-dried decoction pieces.

The incidence of obesity is increasing in the world yearly, obesity and its complications pose a serious threat to the health of people at the same time. In recent years with the progress of economy, the development of science and technology and the change of concept, surgical robots are increasingly used in metabolic and bariatric surgery. In this review, the application and development trend of minimally invasive surgical robot in metabolic and bariatric surgery are reviewed, the advantages of surgical robot in metabolic and bariatric surgery are discussed, and the future development are prospected.

Objective:To explore the effects of bariatric metabolic surgery on body composition.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 66 patients with metabolic diseases who were admitted to the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2013 to December 2014 were collected. There were 42 males and 24 females, aged (40±11)years, with a range from 17 to 63 years. Of the 66 patients, 27 undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and 39 undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) were allocated into LSG group and LRYGB group, respectively. The body composition of all patients was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at preoperation and postoperative 6 months. Observation indicators: (1) the changes of anthropometric parameters, glucolipid metabolism, body fat mass percentage (BF%) and the ratio of Android BF% and Gynoid BF% (A/G ratio) from preoperation to postoperative 6 months; (2) the changes of whole and local body composition from preoperation to postoperative 6 months; (3) analysis of the correlation between BF% and anthropometric parameters, glucolipid metabolism. (4) Follow-up. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient or hospitalization examination to detect the changes of body composition at the time of postoperative 6 month. The follow-up time was up to July 2015. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, paired-samples t test was used for intra-group comparison, and independent-samples t test when baseline data were consistency or covariance analysis when baseline data were not consistency was used for inter-group comparison. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M ( P25, P75), and comparison between groups was analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. The correlation test was undertaken with the Pearson bivariate analysis. Results:(1) The changes of anthropometric parameters, glucolipid metabolism, BF% and A/G ratio from preoperation to postoperative 6 months: for patients in the LSG group, the body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), whole BF%, arms BF%, legs BF%, trunk BF%, Android BF%, Gynoid BF% and A/G ratio at preoperation and postoperative 6 months were (102±17)kg, (37±5)kg/m 2, (118±14)cm, 1.01±0.06, (94±14)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (137±15)mmHg, (8.1±4.2)mmol/L, 7.3%±2.4%, (1.11±0.26)mmol/L, 2.14 mmol/L(1.73 mmol/L, 2.59 mmol/L), 40%±6%, 46%±10%, 36%±8%, 42%±6%, 45%±6%, 37%±7%, 1.23±0.18 and (82±15)kg, (29±4)kg/m 2, (101±13)cm, 0.95±0.08, (76±10)mmHg, (118±16)mmHg, (7.2±1.2)mmol/L, 5.4%±0.8%, (1.26±0.32)mmol/L, 1.21 mmol/L(0.88 mmol/L, 1.55 mmol/L), 36%±8%, 41%±9%, 34%±10%, 38%±8%, 41%±8%, 35%±10%, 1.20±0.17, respectively. There was no significant difference in the intra-group comparison of the Gynoid BF% and A/G ratio ( t=1.903, 1.730, P>0.05) and there were significant differences in the intra-group comparison of the rest of above indicators ( t=12.748, 13.283, 9.013, 3.804, 6.031, 6.226, 2.393, 4.287, -2.900, 3.193, 2.932, 5.198, 2.167, 3.357, 3.116, P<0.05). For patients in the LRYGB group, the body mass, BMI, WC, WHR, DBP, SBP, FPG, HbA1c, HDL-C, TG, whole BF%, arms BF%, legs BF%, trunk BF%, Android BF%, Gynoid BF% and A/G ratio at preoperation and postoperative 6 months were (80±12)kg, (28±4)kg/m 2, (98±9)cm, 0.96±0.05, (85±10)mmHg, (134±17)mmHg, (8.6±2.8)mmol/L, 8.3%±1.7%, (1.13±0.26)mmol/L, 2.06 mmol/L(1.15 mmol/L, 3.30 mmol/L), 30%±8%, 29%±11%, 23%±9%, 37%±7%, 40%±7%, 29%±8%, 1.42±0.26 and (69±9)kg, (24±3)kg/m 2, (91±8)cm, 0.93±0.05, (80±9)mmHg, (129±18)mmHg, (7.4±1.8)mmol/L, 7.0%±1.5%, (1.18±0.29)mmol/L, 1.29 mmol/L(0.85 mmol/L, 2.02 mmol/L), 25%±8%, 23%±12%, 20%±9%, 29%±9%, 32%±10%, 25%±9%, 1.29±0.25, respectively. There was no significant difference in the intra-group comparison of the SBP and HDL-C ( t=1.733, -1.073, P>0.05) and there were significant differences in the intra-group comparison of the rest of above indicators ( t=10.525, 10.200, 7.129, 2.887, 2.805, 2.517, 3.699, 2.608, 7.997, 8.018, 6.029, 8.342, 8.069, 5.813, 6.391, P<0.05). There were significant differences in DBP, SBP, HbA1c, trunk BF%, Android BF% and A/G ratio at postoperative 6 months between LSG group and LRYGB group ( F=6.408, t=2.641, F=20.673, 5.140, 5.735, 4.714, P<0.05). (2) The changes of whole and local body composition from preoperation to postoperative 6 months: for patients in the LSG group, the whole fat mass, muscle mass, fat-free mass at preoperation and postoperative 6 months were (38.74±9.68)kg, (57.71±11.62)kg, (60.14±11.95)kg and (26.64±8.29)kg, (48.65±13.80)kg, (51.00±14.27)kg, respectively, showing significant differences in the intra-group comparison of the above indicators ( t=5.256, 5.413, 5.315, P<0.05); the arms fat mass, muscle mass, fat-free mass were (5.19±1.67)kg, (5.78±1.58)kg, (6.10±1.64)kg and (3.73±1.19)kg, (5.10±1.53)kg, (5.43±1.57)kg, respectively, showing significant differences in the intra-group comparison of the above indicators ( t=7.564, 5.405, 5.363, P<0.05); the legs muscle mass and fat-free mass were (19.05±4.19)kg, (19.93±4.35)kg and (15.93±4.71)kg, (16.81±4.87)kg, respectively, showing significant differences in the intra-group comparison of the above indicators ( t=5.623, 5.568, P<0.05); the trunk fat mass and fat-free mass were (21.93±4.90)kg, (29.7±5.94)kg and (14.69±4.79)kg, (24.78±7.02)kg respectively, showing significant differences in the intra-group comparison of the above indicators ( t=8.903, 5.421, P<0.05); the Android fat mass and fat-free mass were (4.16±1.19)kg, (5.01±1.12)kg and (2.57±0.90)kg, (3.83±1.20)kg respectively, showing significant differences in the intra-group comparison of the above indicators ( t=8.288, 7.637, P<0.05); the Gynoid fat mass and fat-free mass were (5.51±1.42)kg, (9.27±1.86)kg and (3.85±1.16)kg, (7.65±2.31)kg, respectively, showing significant differences in the intra-group comparison of the above indicators ( t=7.461, 5.672, P<0.05); the skeletal muscle index were (8.86±1.38)kg/m 2 and (7.49±1.71)kg/m 2, respectively, showing a significant differences in the intra-group comparison ( t=5.724, P<0.05). For patients in the LRYGB group, the whole fat mass, muscle mass, bone mineral content, fat-free mass at preoperation and postoperative 6 months were (23.58±7.80)kg, (51.76±8.35)kg, (2.55±0.48)kg, (54.31±8.63)kg and (16.88±6.86)kg, (49.41±7.70)kg, (2.47±0.50)kg, (51.88±8.05)kg, respectively, showing significant differences in the intra-group comparison of the above indicators ( t=9.001, 3.974, 4.354, 4.075, P<0.05); the arms fat mass were (2.72±2.37)kg and (1.73±1.02)kg, respectively, showing significant differences in the intra-group comparison of the above indicators ( t=3.470, P<0.05); the legs fat mass, muscle mass, fat-free mass were (5.21±2.46)kg, (16.68±3.50)kg, (17.60±3.66)kg and (4.01±2.12)kg, (15.63±2.90)kg, (16.54±3.05)kg, respectively, showing significant differences in the intra-group comparison of the above indicators ( t=6.592, 3.372, 3.319, P<0.05); the trunk fat mass were (14.87±4.11)kg and (10.38±4.00)kg, respectively, showing a significant difference in the intra-group comparison of the above indicators ( t=8.431, P<0.05); the Android fat mass and fat-free mass were (2.61±0.86)kg, (3.96±0.87)kg and (1.81±0.79)kg, (3.78±0.67)kg respectively, showing significant differences in the intra-group comparison of the above indicators ( t=8.032, 2.153, P<0.05); the Gynoid fat mass and fat-free mass were (3.14±1.17)kg, (7.89±1.58)kg and (2.44±0.96)kg, (7.43±1.26)kg, respectively, showing significant differences in the intra-group comparison of the above indicators ( t=6.112, 3.207, P<0.05); the skeletal muscle index were (8.04±1.22)kg/m 2 and (7.43±1.13)kg/m 2, respectively, showing significant differences in the intra-group comparison ( t=4.953, P<0.05). There were significant differences in whole muscle mass, whole fat-free mass, arms fat mass, legs muscle mass, legs fat-free mass, trunk fat-free mass, Android fat-free mass, Gynoid fat-free mass and skeletal muscle index at postoperative 6 months between LSG group and LRYGB group ( F=13.846, 13.614, 23.696, 7.100, 7.127, 15.243, 16.921, 8.625, 5.497, P<0.05). (3) Analysis of the correlation between BF% and anthropometric parameters, glucolipid metabolism: the whole BF% of 66 patients was positively correlated with body mass, BMI, WC and WHR ( r=0.405, 0.663, 0.625, 0.331, P<0.05); the arms BF% was positively correlated with body mass, BMI, WC and WHR ( r=0.432, 0.682, 0.639, 0.309, P<0.05); the legs BF% was positively correlated with body mass, BMI and WC ( r=0.366, 0.646, 0.564, P<0.05); the trunk BF% was positively correlated with body mass, BMI, WC and WHR ( r=0.332, 0.560, 0.554, 0.335, P<0.05); the Android BF% was positively correlated with body mass, BMI, WC and WHR ( r=0.327, 0.537, 0.543, 0.336, P<0.05); the Gynoid BF% was positively correlated with BMI and WC ( r=0.561, 0.488, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with FPG ( r=-0.491, P<0.05); the A/G ratio was negatively correlated with BMI ( r=-0.334, P<0.05), and positively correlated with FPG ( r=0.506, P<0.05); the skeletal muscle index was positively correlated with body mass, BMI, WC and WHR ( r=0.757, 0.641, 0.609, 0.519, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with HDL-C ( r=-0.369, P<0.05). (4) Follow-up: 66 patients were followed up at the time of postoperative 6 month. Conclusions:Both LSG and LRYGB significantly change body composition. LRYGB is superior to LSG in reducing trunk BF% and Android BF%. The effects of the two surgical methods on fat mass and bone mineral content are similar. LSG lead to a more significant decrease in whole muscle mass, and LRYGB lead to a more significant decrease in legs muscle mass and skeletal muscle index.

Objective To investigate the effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(LYGB) on body fat distribution,and relationship between the changes of body fat distribution and improvement of insulin resistance.Methods A total of 65 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent LYGB were selected for a retrospective analysis.Metabolic parameters,anthropometric measurements,body composition and fat distribution measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were collected separately before and 6 months post LYGB.All data of pre-and postoperation were compared with pair t test,Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate correlation of two variables.Results Weight,body mass index,waist circumference,waist-to-hip ratio,triglyceride,fasting plasma glucose,fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly decreased in 6 months after surgery (P ＜ 0.05).Total fat mass,body fat mass of trunk,upper and lower limbs decreased significantly (P ＜0.05).Percent fat mass at the whole body,Android region,upper and lower limbs decreased significantly (P ＜0.05).After 6 months postoperatively,abdominal obesity indices waist circumfernce decreased from (98.10±13.03) cm to (91.60±7.68) cm (P＜0.01) and percent fat mass at the Android region decreased from (35.71 ±10.24)％ to (29.44 ± 12.11) ％ (P＜0.05),HOMA-IR decreased from 3.62 ± 5.18 to 1.79 ± 1.52 (P ＜ 0.05).The improvement of postoperative insulin resistance is positively correlated with the changes in waist circumference (P ＜0.01) and percent fat mass of Android region (P ＜0.05).Conclusions The body fat distribution changes after LYGB,change of abdominal fat distribution is positively correlated to the improvement of insulin resistance.

Objective To provide reference for drug use in infant patients with Rhodococcus equi(R.equi) infection. Methods By participating in drug therapy for an infant patient with Rhodococcus equi infection,clinical pharmacist assisted physicians to develop treatment plan and provide reasonable pharmaceutical care. Results Therapeutic selection was improved through pharmaceutical care process. Conclusion Participation of clinical pharmacist can fully play their advantages in the field of drug efficacy,and improve the level of clinical treatment.

Vitamin D plays an important role in cellular differentiation and Calcium phosphate metabolism.At the same time,the role of Vitamin D in glycolipid metabolism had attracted a lot of attention.Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment to achieve therapeutic endpoints for comorbidities associated with obesity,but vitamin D status is always insufficient before and after surgery.In this review,the author aim to (1) discuss the deficiency of vitamin D in bariatric patients,(2) to summarize the impact of vitamin D on glycolipid metabolism and the outcome of bariatric surgery,(3) to discuss the supplementation for the deficiency of vitamin D.

Current therapies of organ failure or a wide range of tissue defect are often not ideal. Transplantation is the only effective way for long time survival. But it is hard to meet huge patients demands because of donor shortage, immune rejection and other problems. Tissue engineering could be a potential option. Choosing a suitable scaffold material is an essential part of it. According to different sources, tissue engineering scaffold materials could be divided into three types which are natural and its modified materials, artificial and composite ones. The purpose of tissue engineering scaffold is to repair the tissues or organs damage, so could reach the ideal recovery in its function and structure aspect. Therefore, tissue engineering scaffold should even be as close as much to the original tissue or organs in function and structure. We call it "organic scaffold" and this strategy might be the drastic perfect substitute for the tissues or organs in concern. Optimized organization with each kind scaffold materials could make up for biomimetic structure and function of the tissue or organs. Scaffold material surface modification, optimized preparation procedure and cytosine sustained-release microsphere addition should be considered together. This strategy is expected to open new perspectives for tissue engineering. Multidisciplinary approach including material science, molecular biology, and engineering might find the most ideal tissue engineering scaffold. Using the strategy of drawing on each other strength and optimized organization with each kind scaffold material to prepare a multifunctional biomimetic tissue engineering scaffold might be a good method for choosing tissue engineering scaffold materials. Our research group had differentiated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into bile canaliculi like cells. We prepared poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(ε-caprolactone) biliary stent. The scaffold's internal played a part in the long-term release of cytokines which mixed with sustained-release nano-microsphere containing growth factors. What's more, the stent internal surface coated with glue/collagen matrix mixing layer containing bFGF and EGF so could supplying the early release of the two cytokines. Finally, combining the poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(ε-caprolactone) biliary stent with the induced cells was the last step for preparing tissue-engineered bile duct. This literature reviewed a variety of the existing tissue engineering scaffold materials and briefly introduced the impact factors on the characteristics of tissue engineering scaffold materials such as preparation procedure, surface modification of scaffold, and so on. We explored the choosing strategy of desired tissue engineering scaffold materials.
Glucosides ; chemistry ; Humans ; Stents ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds ; chemistry