ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological features and influencing factors of rabies in Shanxi Province，and to provide evidence to further promote the elimination of rabies in Shanxi Province. MethodsThe incidence data of rabies in Shanxi from 2011 to 2022 were collected and subjected to descriptive analysis. ResultsFrom 2011 to 2022， a total of 348 rabies cases were reported in Shanxi Province， with an average annual incidence of 0.080 3/10⁵. The incidence of rabies showed a downward trend overall. The highest incidence was in August. The cases were mainly farmers， mostly males， and most cases were reported between 50 and 69 years old. The data of cases showed that dogs were the main animals attacking human （93.96%）. The incubation period of most cases was 1‒3 months （37.37%）.The main exposure site was hand（51.33%）. Only 2.66% cases with grade Ⅲ exposure were injected with passive immune agents. ConclusionThe incidence of rabies in Shanxi Province continues to decrease， but there are still loopholes in prevention and control measures. It is necessary to strengthen the management and immunization of dogs，health education， and standardized procedures after exposure to maintain the achievements in the prevention and control of rabies.

Objective To explore the method for measurement of tritium in nuclear power plant liquid effluent purified by a mixed ion-exchange resin, to verify the feasibility of the method by experiments, and to provide technical support for the development of standard methods for the measurement of tritium in liquid effluent of nuclear power plants. Methods The purification effect of the mixed ion-exchange resin was determined by measuring the quenching factor, conductivity, and β-nuclide adsorption efficiency of the samples purified using the resin. A comparison was made between the ion-exchange resin method and the atmospheric distillation method for tritium determination. The precision and accuracy of the method were verified by calculating the relative standard deviation and the recovery in repeated measurement of samples with different activity concentrations and spiked samples. Results There were no significant differences in quenching factor, conductivity, and tritium activity concentration between the two methods. The adsorption efficiencies of EC20MB resin for common β-nuclides such as carbon, iron, nickel, strontium, yttrium, and cesium ranged from 99.28% to 99.88%. Repeated measurement of the same sample showed relative standard deviations of 5.2%-9.4% and recoveries of 86.8%-107%. Conclusion There were no significant differences between the results of the ion-exchange resin purification method and the atmospheric distillation method. The precision and accuracy of the method met the requirements of the ecological and environmental management authorities for monitoring tritium in liquid effluent from nuclear power plants. This method can be widely used in daily monitoring work.

Objective:To compare the consistency of lymphoma multigene detection panels based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) with FISH detection of B-cell lymphoma gene rearrangement.Methods:From January 2019 to May 2023, fusion genes detected by lymphoma-related 413 genes that targeted capture sequencing of 489 B-cell lymphoma tissues embedded in paraffin were collected from Henan Cancer Hospital, and the results were compared with simultaneous FISH detection of four break/fusion genes: BCL2, BCL6, MYC, and CCND1. Consistency was defined as both methods yielding positive or negative results for the same sample. The relationship between fusion mutation abundance in NGS and the positivity rate of cells in FISH was also analyzed.Results:Kappa consistency analysis revealed high consistency between NGS and FISH in detecting the four B-cell lymphoma-related gene rearrangement ( P<0.001 for all) ; however, the detection rates of positive individuals differed for the four genes. Compared with FISH, NGS demonstrated a higher detection rate for BCL2 rearrangement, a lower detection rate for BCL6 and MYC rearrangement, and a similar detection rate for CCND1 rearrangement. No correlation was found between fusion mutation abundance in NGS and the positivity rate of cells in FISH. Conclusions:NGS and FISH detection of B-cell lymphoma gene rearrangement demonstrate overall good consistency. NGS is superior to FISH in detecting BCL2 rearrangement, inferior in detecting MYC rearrangement, and comparable in detecting CCND1 rearrangement.

Western bioethics,with its theoretical basis in individualism,is essentially a form of universalist ethics that makes it difficult to respond to the complexities of moral life.Scholars represented by Engelhardt and MacIntyre have profoundly reflected on universalist ethics from the perspective of moral pluralism,but they have not been able to fundamentally resolve the disputes.Grasping the theoretical lineage of the controversy between universalism and particularism can provide an important reference for the construction of bioethics based on Confucianism in contemporary China.Furthermore,from the perspective of opposing universalism and particularism,as well as in response to the issues of the era of life science and technology and the cultural background of China,it can not only realize the modern interpretation of Confucian ethics,but also promote the effective application of modern bioethics theory.

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a series of clinical, imaging, and pathological syndromes resulting from various etiologies affecting small arteries (microarteries, capillaries, microvenules, and small veins in the brain). The diagnosis of CSVD is based on imaging presentations, but the high cost and bleeding risk of cranial imaging methods make the diagnosis of rare CSVD more difficult. Retinal vessels are the only vasculature visible in vivo and share anatomical and embryological features with small brain vessels. Retinal vascular abnormalities have been shown to exist in rare CSVD such as cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and moyamoya disease (MMD). Retinal vascular examination may provide new ideas for the study of rare CSVD.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the si tuation and hot spots of gabapentinoid drugs in the treatment of pain. METHODS Related researches about gabapentinoid drugs in the treatment of pain were retrieved from Web of Science core collection database during Jan. 1st，2011-Dec. 31st，2020. VOSviewer 1.6.17，CiteSpace 5.8.R1 and Excel 2018 software were used to statistically analyze the key characteristics of relevant literature ，such as the annual publications ，countries/regions，institutions，authors， journals and research hot spots. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A total of 3 519 literatures were retrieved ，and the annual publication outputs showed an upward trend generally. Totally 86 countries/regions had conducted relevant studies ，of which the United States ranked first （up to 1 219），and had close cooperation with the United Kingdom ，Canada，China，Germany，Japan， etc；a total of 3 996 institutions had published relevant literatures ，and the Pfizer Inc. issued the most publications ；the most studies were devoted by Professor Parsons from the University of California San Diego ，and the highest co-citations author was Professor Gilron from the Queen ’s University. Among 1 185 journals，Pain ranked first not only in the high-productive journal ，but also in the co-cited journal. The main hot topics include abuse and misuse of gabapentinoid ，off-label use of gabapentinoid ，clinical application of gabapentinoid as a component of multimodal analgesia ，and the update of guidelines for pain based on systematic evaluation and meta-analysis.

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a lysosome-dependent selective degradation pathway implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms that regulate CMA are not fully understood. Here, using unbiased drug screening approaches, we discover Metformin, a drug that is commonly the first medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes, can induce CMA. We delineate the mechanism of CMA induction by Metformin to be via activation of TAK1-IKKα/β signaling that leads to phosphorylation of Ser85 of the key mediator of CMA, Hsc70, and its activation. Notably, we find that amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) is a CMA substrate and that it binds to Hsc70 in an IKKα/β-dependent manner. The inhibition of CMA-mediated degradation of APP enhances its cytotoxicity. Importantly, we find that in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), activation of CMA by Hsc70 overexpression or Metformin potently reduces the accumulated brain Aβ plaque levels and reverses the molecular and behavioral AD phenotypes. Our study elucidates a novel mechanism of CMA regulation via Metformin-TAK1-IKKα/β-Hsc70 signaling and suggests Metformin as a new activator of CMA for diseases, such as AD, where such therapeutic intervention could be beneficial.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of mechanical chest compression device in patients with cardiac arrest.Methods:The relevant literatures about mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation and manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation were systematically searched from China Knowledge Network (CNKI), VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science and other databases. The effective data were extracted and analyzed by RevMan5.3 software.Results:A total of 20 clinical studies involving 29 727 patients were included, of which 11 104 patients received mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation and 18 623 patients received traditional manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The results of meta-analysis showed that mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation could not effectively improve the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate, admission survival rate, discharge survival rate and neurological prognosis in patients with cardiac arrest compared with manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ROSC occurrence rate ( RR=1.10, 95% CI: 0.99-1.23, P<0.01), admission survival rate ( RR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.95-1.08, P=0.67), discharge survival rate ( RR=1.00, 95% CI: 0.86-1.15, P=0.14), and good neurological function rate ( RR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.61-1.06, P=0.69) showed no significant differences between the mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation and manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Conclusions:Mechanical chest compression device has no advantage compared with manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not recommended to completely replace manual chest compression in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

OBJECTIVE：To systematically evaluate the effects of CYP1A2 gene polymorphisms on blood concentrations of antipsychotic drugs （haloperidol，clozapine，olanzapine），and to provide evidence-based reference for the clinical drug use . METHODS：Retrieved from Cochrane Library ，PubMed，Embase，CBM，CNKI and Wanfang data ，during the inception to Nov. 2019，cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the effects of CYP1A2 gene polymorphisms on blood concentrations of antipsychotic drugs （haloperidol，clozapine，olanzapine）were collected. After screening the literature ，extracting the data and quality evaluation with Q-Genie tool ，Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 software. RESULTS ：A total of 11 cross-sectional studies were included ，with a total of 914 patients. Of these ，haloperidol was used in 2 studies，clozapine was used in 5 studies，and olanzapine was used in 4 studies. Meta-analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the blood concentration of haloperidol between CYP1A2（－2964G＞A）G/G type and G/A+A/A type [SMD ＝－0.22，95％CI（－0.66， 0.23），P＝0.35]. The blood concentration of clozapine in CYP1A2（－163C＞A）A/C type was significantly lower than C/C type [SMD ＝0.31，95％CI（0.01，0.62），P＝0.04]；there was no statistical significance in blood concentration of clozapine between A/A type and C/C type [SMD ＝0.09，95％CI（－0.21，0.40），P＝0.56]，between A/A type and A/C type [SMD ＝－0.22，95％CI（－0.55， 0.10），P＝0.18]，between CYP1A2（－2467delT）delT/delT type and T/T type [SMD ＝－0.11，95％CI（－0.75，0.52），P＝0.72]， between delT/T type and T/T type [SMD ＝0.01，95％CI（－0.33，0.34），P＝0.97]，between delT/delT type and delT/T type [SMD ＝ －0.15，95％CI（－0.80，0.05），P＝0.66]. The blood concentration of olanzapine in CYP1A2（－163C＞A）A/A type was signifi- cantly lower than A/C type [SMD ＝－0.31，95％CI（－0.55， － 0.08），P＝0.009]；there was no statistically significant difference in the blood concentration of olanzapine between A/A liukefeng-num.1@163.com type and C/C type [SMD ＝－0.20，95％CI（－0.61，0.21），P＝ 0.34]，between A/C type and C/C type [SMD ＝0.06，95％CI E-mail：hnmuzj@163.com （－0.35，0.47），P＝0.77]，between CYP1A2（－2467delT）delT/T type and T/T type [SMD ＝0.28，95％CI（－0.15，0.71），P＝0.20]. CONCLUSIONS：CYP1A2（－163C＞A）A/C type is related to the reduction of clozapine blood concentration ，and A/A type is related to the reduction of olanzapine blood concentration. CYP1A2 （－163C＞A）gene polymorphism is significance for guiding individualized medication of schizophrenia patients.