Objective:To explore the feasibility, efficacy and limitation of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of adrenal tumors in children.Methods:The clinical data of 5 children with adrenal tumors treated with robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in Wuhan Children′s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology from October 2020 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were males aged between 2 years and 4 months to 13 years and 1 month (median: 7 years and 7 months). One case had left adrenal adenomas and 4 cases had right adrenal adenomas.The maximum diameter of tumors was 3.0-6.0 cm (median: 4.8 cm).Results:Robot-assisted laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed successfully on all 5 patients.The ope-ration time was 215-325 min (median: 275 min). The intraoperative bleeding was 10-50 mL (median: 28 mL). The indwelling time of the drainage tube after surgery was 3-5 days (median: 4 days). The postoperative hospital stay was 9-13 days (median: 11 days). The hospitalization cost was 51 268-58 157 yuan (median: 53 485 yuan). No complications occurred during or after the operation.Postoperative pathological tests suggested adrenal cortex adenocarcinoma in 1 case, pheochromocytoma in 1 case, gangliocytoma in 2 cases, and ganglioneuroblastoma in 1 case.Conclusions:Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery is safe and feasible in children with adrenal tumors, but there are some limitations.This approach needs to be verified by further clinical research.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of pancreatic cystic neoplasms in pediatric patients.Methods:The clinical data of 13 patients with pancreatic cystic neoplasm at Wuhan Children′s Hospital from July 2007 to November 2019 were collected.There were 5 males and 8 females, with a mean age of 133 months(range: 9 to 170 months). Eleven patients presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and a palpable mass. Tumors were located in the pancreatic head( n=7), body( n=2) and tail( n=4), respectively. Results:The preoperative diagnosis was confirmed by imaging examination in 11 patients, CT and MRI was significantly superior to ultrasound in the exact diagnosis of the tumor types. In this group, surgical methods mainly included pancreaticoduodenectomy( n=3), pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy( n=1), duodenum-preserving pancreas head resection( n=3), spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy ( n=3), distal pancreatectomy plus splenectomy( n=2), and tumor enucleation( n=1). Postoperative complications including biochemical leakage( n=1), delayed gastric emptying(grade A) ( n=1), adhesive intestinal obstruction( n=1), transient elevation of platelet count( n=2), all were cured by conservative treatment. In one patient biliary leakage occurred and later developed into biliary stricture, this patient underwent the second operation 6 weeks later and recovered smoothly. All patients were diagnosed by postoperative pathology, including solid pseudopapillary neoplasm( n=10), serous cystadenoma( n=1), mucinous cystadenoma( n=1) and cystic lymphangiom( n=1). Three cases were lost in this group, the rest of patients were all accepted outpatient or telephones follow-up. There was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis during 3 to 92 months follow-up. Conclusions:The incidence of pancreatic cystic neoplasm is low in the pediatric patients. Symptomatic patients should receive surgical treatment timely. It′s safe and effective to choose the organs and functions-preserving surgical method.

On January 22, 2020, China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB) released the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource (2019nCoVR), an open-access information resource for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 2019nCoVR features a comprehensive integra-tion of sequence and clinical information for all publicly available SARS-CoV-2 isolates, which are manually curated with value-added annotations and quality evaluated by an automated in-house pipeline. Of particular note, 2019nCoVR offers systematic analyses to generate a dynamic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 genomic variations at a global scale. It provides all identified variants and their detailed statistics for each virus isolate, and congregates the quality score, functional annotation,and population frequency for each variant. Spatiotemporal change for each variant can be visualized and historical viral haplotype network maps for the course of the outbreak are also generated based on all complete and high-quality genomes available. Moreover, 2019nCoVR provides a full collection of SARS-CoV-2 relevant literature on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including published papers from PubMed as well as preprints from services such as bioRxiv and medRxiv through Europe PMC. Furthermore, by linking with relevant databases in CNCB, 2019nCoVR offers data submission services for raw sequence reads and assembled genomes, and data sharing with NCBI. Collectively, SARS-CoV-2 is updated daily to collect the latest information on genome sequences, variants, hap-lotypes, and literature for a timely reflection, making 2019nCoVR a valuable resource for the global research community. 2019nCoVR is accessible at https://bigd.big.ac.cn/ncov/.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of pancreatic cystic neoplasms in pediatric patients.Methods:The clinical data of 13 patients with pancreatic cystic neoplasm at Wuhan Children′s Hospital from July 2007 to November 2019 were collected.There were 5 males and 8 females, with a mean age of 133 months(range: 9 to 170 months). Eleven patients presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and a palpable mass. Tumors were located in the pancreatic head( n=7), body( n=2) and tail( n=4), respectively. Results:The preoperative diagnosis was confirmed by imaging examination in 11 patients, CT and MRI was significantly superior to ultrasound in the exact diagnosis of the tumor types. In this group, surgical methods mainly included pancreaticoduodenectomy( n=3), pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy( n=1), duodenum-preserving pancreas head resection( n=3), spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy ( n=3), distal pancreatectomy plus splenectomy( n=2), and tumor enucleation( n=1). Postoperative complications including biochemical leakage( n=1), delayed gastric emptying(grade A) ( n=1), adhesive intestinal obstruction( n=1), transient elevation of platelet count( n=2), all were cured by conservative treatment. In one patient biliary leakage occurred and later developed into biliary stricture, this patient underwent the second operation 6 weeks later and recovered smoothly. All patients were diagnosed by postoperative pathology, including solid pseudopapillary neoplasm( n=10), serous cystadenoma( n=1), mucinous cystadenoma( n=1) and cystic lymphangiom( n=1). Three cases were lost in this group, the rest of patients were all accepted outpatient or telephones follow-up. There was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis during 3 to 92 months follow-up. Conclusions:The incidence of pancreatic cystic neoplasm is low in the pediatric patients. Symptomatic patients should receive surgical treatment timely. It′s safe and effective to choose the organs and functions-preserving surgical method.

Objective To study the use of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive infantile cholestasis.Methods The clinical data of 106 patients with obstructive infantile cholestasis from January 2012 to June 2017 were studied retrospectively.After two weeks of conservative treatments which failed to decrease the bilirubin levels significantly,these patients were subjected to laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment.Results A correct diagnosis was established in all these 106 patients by laparoscopic biliary tract exploration and cholangiography.Eighty-eight patients were diagnosed to have biliary atresia (83.0％),16 patients inspissated bile syndrome (15.1％) and 2 patients biliary hypoplasia (1.9％).Thirty-eight of the 88 biliary atresia patients gave up operative treatment after laparoscopic biliary tract exploration and cholangiography.The remaining 50 biliary atresia patients were treated with open Kasai portoenterostomy.The prognosis of the biliary atresia patients were different from the non-biliary atresia patients.On follow-up for 4 months to 5 years,all the 18 non-biliary atresia patients were in good condition and there was no recurrence of jaundice after laparoscopic cholecystostomy and biliary tract irrigation.Conclusions The laparoscopic minimally invasive technique helped to establish diagnosis and treatment in patients with obstructive infantile cholestasis.For patients with biliary atresia,this procedure gave a definitive diagnosis and offered an opportunity for surgery.For patients with inspissated bile syndrome and biliary hypoplasia patients,laparoscopic cholecystostomy and biliary tract irrigation established the correct diagnosis and reduced liver damage resulted by cholestasis.

Objective To explore the value of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent inguinal hernia in children.Methods The clinical data of 67 cases receiving laparoscopic treatment for recurrent inguinal hernia in children at the Department of General Surgery,Wuhan Children's Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science & Technology were retrospectively analyzed,including the type of hernia recurrence,operation time,intraoperative and postoperative complications,such as short-term hydrocele formation and testicular atrophy and so on.Results In 67 cases,there were 65 males and 2 females.Open repair surgery and laparoscopic surgery were respectively performed in 48 cases and 19 cases for the first operation and the hernia defects were found after operation.Contralateral patent vaginal process deformities were found in 11 sides in the reoperation.Among 67 cases of recurrent inguinal hernia,incomplete ligation of hernia sac was found in 21 cases,low level ligation of hernia sac in 17 cases,no ligation of hernia sac in 14 cases,omissive direct inguinal hernia in 4 cases,loose ligation of hernia sac in 4 cases,overlarge inner ring in 4 cases,weak abdominal muscles in 2 cases,and increased abdominal pressure (long-term constipation,asthma) in 1 case.All the patients were treated by laparoscopic hernia repair and no serious complications occurred during the operation.The average time of unilateral operation was (15.0±2.2) minutes (13-25 minutes),and bilateral operation was (27.0±4.3) minutes (18-41 minutes).All patients were discharged on the second day.Two patients showed short-term postoperative hydrocele and were cured with conservative treatment.During the follow-up time of (23±2) months (9-39 months),no recurrence or testicular atrophy was found.Conclusions Laparoscopy can confirm the type of recurrent inguinal hernia and contribute to reduce postoperative recurrence.Laparoscopic management of recurrent inguinal hernia in children is safe and feasible,which is expected to replace open hernia repair.

Objective To summarize the etiology and surgical treatment of obstructive infantile cholestasis.Methods Clinical data of 108 cases of obstructive infantile cholestasis was studied retrospectively from April 2009 to April 2014.Results Correct diagnosis was established in all 108 patients by laparoscopic biliary tract exploration and cholangiography.Among those,there were noncorrectable biliary atresia in 81 cases (75.0％),correctable biliary atresia in 5 cases (4.6％),inspissated bile syndrome in 8 cases (7.4％),infantile hepatitis syndrome in 6 cases (5.6％),choledochal cyst in 4 cases (3.7％),biliary hypoplasia in 2 cases (1.9％),1 case (0.9％) suffered from spontaneous bile duct perforation,1 case (0.9％) suffered from oppression of lymph nodes in hepatic portal.Patients of nocorrectable biliary atresia were treated with open Kasai portoenterostomy or laparoscopic Kasai portoenterostomy,correctable biliary atresia and choledochal cyst underwent laparoscopic cyst excision and Roux-Y hepaticojejunostomy,inspissated bile syndrome,infantile hepatitis syndrome and biliary hypoplasia were treated by laparoscopic cholecystostomy and biliary tract irrigation.The patient of spontaneous bile duct perforation was treated with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and T-tube drainage,the lymph node was excised in patient with oppression of lymph nodes in hepatic portal.All infants were followed-up for 3 months to 48 months,the clearance of jaundice rate varied in patients with Kasai portoenterostomy,patients with non-Kasai portoenterostomy were all in good condition and there were no symptom recurrence.Conclusion Biliary atresia,inspissated bile syndrome,infantile hepatitis syndrome,choledochal cyst and biliary hypoplasia are the most common cause of surgery-related infantile cholestasis.Kasai portoenterostomy,hepaticojejunostomy and cholecystostomy and biliary tract irrigation are the main surgical method for surgery-related infantile cholestasis.

Objective To explore the feasibility and effect of laparoscopic Ladd's surgery for the treatment of intestinal malrotation in infants.Methods The clinical data of 50 infants with intestinal malrotation who were admitted to the Wuhan Medical & Health Center for Women and Children from January 2011 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Of 50 infants, 27 infants receiving the open Ladd's surgery were allocated into the open surgery group and 23 infants receiving the laparoscopic Ladd's surgery were allocated into the laparoscopy group.The operation time, time to anal exsufflation, duration of hospital stay, postoperative incision infection and intestinal obstruction in the 2 groups were observed.All the patients were followed up by outpatient examination or telephone interview till March 2014.The measurement data with normal distribution were presented as x-± s and analyzed by the t test, and count data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Results The operation time, time to anal exsufflation and duration of hospital stay were (69 ± 7)minutes, (41 ±9)hours and (10.4 ± 2.4)days in the open surgery group, which was significantly different from (92 ± 13)minutes, (28 ±5)hours and (6.4 ± 1.5) days in the laparoscopy group (t =6.21, 16.50, 6.34,P ＜ 0.05).Two infants had incision infection and 1 infant had intestinal obstruction in the open surgery group.There was no patient with complications in the laparoscopy group.All the patients were followed up for the median time of 13 months (range, 6-24 months), with a good survival and no other symptoms.Conclusion Laparoscopic Ladd's surgery is safe and feasible compared with open surgery, and it could be used as a prior operation method for treatment of intestinal malrotation in infants.

ObjectiveTo evaluate totally laparoscopic Meckel's diverticulectomy in comparison with laparoscopic-assisted or open diverticulectomy.MethodsThe clinical data of 58 cases of Meckel's diverticulum admitted between January 2006 and January 2011 were analyzed.Cases were divided into three groups according to different period of time. As a result,totally laparoscopic surgery was performed in 13 cases,laparoscopic-assisted resection in 25 cases and open diverticulectomy in 20 cases. Totally laparoscopic group was compared with the other two groups in operation time,flatus defecation time,the incidence of postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay.ResultsThe mean length of incision was ( 1.6 ± 0.4 ) cm,the mean operation time was ( 41 ± 5 ) min,flatus defecation time was (21.2 ±3.7) h,and the postoperative hospital stay was (6.3 ± 1.2) d in totally laparoscopic group.While that was (2.5 ± 1.2 ) m,( 38 ± 2 ) cm,( 23.6 ± 4.2 ) h,( 6.5 ± 2.3 ) d,respectively in laparoscopicassisted group,and the mean length of incision was (5.0 ± 2.2 ) cm,the mean operation time was (51 ± 6 )min,flatus defecation time was (32.3 ± 6.7) h,the postoperative hospital stay was (8.4 ± 3.8) d in open surgery group.Compared with conventional laparotomy,laparoscopic techniques enjoy advantages of minimal invasion,shorter operative time,fewer complications,shorter recovery period and earlier gastrointestinal recovery(P ＜ 0.05). There were nosignificant differences in operative time, recovery period and complications between totally laparoscopic group and laparoscopic-assisted group.ConclusionsTotally laparoscopic Meckel's diverticulectomy is safe,effective and miniinvasive in experienced hands.

Objective To investigate how the independent components(ICs)energies of multichannel local field potentials(LFPs) code event base on the analysis of ICA of the cortical LFPs of rats. Methods Taking the event point as the zero point, 15-channel LFPs between the span of ±500ms recorded from the prefrontal cortex of rats were decomposed into 15 ICs. The energies of the ICs were computed in a 50-ms window. By sliding the window with step of 25 ms, a dynamic distribution mapping of the 15 ICs' energies was established. ICs with distinctly increased energies during the span of ±200 ms, which indicating that these ICs energies coded event,were selected as the targets. The corresponding channels of these ICs were determined consequently via the inverse transformation of ICA. Results Considering each trail of the repetitious analysis for the same segment of data, the spatial localization of the dominate function region(s) turned out to be relatively stable in spite of the uncertainty of the number and sequence of the target IC(s) due to the ambiguities of the decomposition of ICA.Meanwhile, the analysis results of a series of data segments showed satisfactory correspondence between data segments and dominate function regions. Conclusion The ICs' energies of multichannel LFPs are able to code events in working memories; It is valid for ICA to identify the coding patterns of multichannel LFPs to events; ICA is capable to localize the dominate function regions of event coding with satisfactory robustness.