Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of different cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) combined with endocrine therapy (ET) for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CDK4/6i for the treatment of HR+/HER2− metastatic or advanced breast cancer were retrieved from databases including PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed, with the search period ranging from database inception to August 2023. Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted using R 4.2.0 software. Results A total of 18 RCTs from 25 articles, involving 8 031 patients and 11 treatment regimens, were included. There was no significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) among different CDK4/6i+ET combinations. The highest cumulative probability for PFS was observed with dalpiciclib (DAL)+fulvestrant (FUL), while ribociclib (RIB)+FUL ranked first for OS. In terms of efficacy, abemaciclib (ABE)+aromatase inhibitors (AI) and ABE+FUL ranked first in objective response rate and clinical benefit rate, respectively. Regarding safety, statistically significant difference in grade 3-4 adverse events was observed among certain types of CDK4/6i (P<0.05). Conclusion Current evidence suggests that CDK4/6i+ET is superior to ET alone for the treatment of HR+/HER2− advanced/metastatic breast cancer. Different CDK4/6i+ET combinations demonstrate comparable or similar efficacy; however, the incidence of adverse reactions is higher with combination therapy. Treatment regimens should be selected based on individual conditions.

Objective The aim of this study was to screen and verify the proteins interacting with Vimentin,investigate the regulatory relationship between FABP5 and candidate proteins,and further explore the mechanism of FABP5 in hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Immunoprecipitation combined with tandem mass spectrometry(IP-MS)was used to screen the proteins that bind to FABP5.The binding relationship between FABP5 and candi-date interacting proteins was verified from the exogenous and endogenous levels by Co-immune precipitation assay(Co-IP).RT-qPCR,Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to observe the effect of knockdown FABP5 on the transcription and translation of Vimentin in HCC cells.The effect of overexpressing FABP5 on the cytoskeleton of HCC cell was observed by phalloidin staining.Results 336 potential target proteins that bind to FABP5 were identi-fied through IP-MS.Based on literature,five candidate proteins related to tumors were selected,namely PRDX1,PRSS3,PKM,HSP90AA1,and Vimentin.The binding relationship between FABP5 and Vimentin protein was con-firmed through both exogenous and endogenous Co-IP.Knockdown FABP5 has no significant effect on the expression of Vimentin mRNA,but it can inhibit the expression of Vimentin protein,and overexpression of FABP5 can affect the cytoskeleton of HCC cell.Conclusions FABP5 promotes the migration and invasion of HCC cells by the regula-tion of Vimentin and the influence of cytoskeletal remodeling,and thus it is expected to be a potential target for anti-HCC and provide new ideas for the treatment of HCC.

BACKGROUND:Metal ions play an important role in the human body.With the progress of material synthesis and processing technology,a variety of metal ions that can be used in bone tissue engineering have been developed,such as magnesium(Mg2+),zinc(Zn2+),manganese(Mn2+),strontium(Sr2+),and copper(Cu2+). OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress and development direction of metal ions in bone tissue engineering. METHODS:The literature collected by CNKI,PubMed and WanFang databases from 2014 to 2022 was retrieved.The Chinese and English key words were"metal ions,bone tissue engineering,osteogenic activity,magnesium ions,zinc ions,manganese ions,strontium ions,copper ions,calcium ions,lithium ions,cobalt ions". RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Different metal ions will be released to varying degrees after the materials are implanted into the body,which can change the tissue microenvironment,thus improving the ability of materials to form blood vessels and bones.Compared with growth factors,metal ions are easier to control the release rate,have lower cost,and can also improve the mechanical properties of implant materials.The application of metal ions in bone tissue engineering is full of prospects.Although some metal ions can already be used to treat bone defects,the mechanism of action of many metal ions in the human body is not completely clear,and the application effect is a lack of clinical experiment verification.Further exploration is needed before clinical application.

In recent years， the potential anti-tumor effects of metformin have attracted widespread attention in the field of cancer treatment. This article summarizes the research progress of metformin in the treatment of malignant tumors，finding its potential application in the treatment of malignant tumors in the digestive system （biliary tract cancer，gastric cancer，esophagus cancer，colorectal cancer，pancreatic cancer，liver cancer） and reproductive system （prostate cancer，ovarian cancer，breast cancer， cervical cancer），non-small cell lung cancer，renal cell carcinoma，and melanoma. Metformin can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and extend the overall survival of patients. Its mechanisms of action include，but are not limited to，inhibiting the activity of mitochondrial complex Ⅰ，activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/p53 signaling pathway，and blocking the cell cycle. Additionally，the combined use of metformin with chemotherapy drugs has shown potential for reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy. It can enhance the sensitivity of biliary tract cancer，ovarian cancer，and melanoma cells to chemotherapy drugs， improve the drug resistance of gastric and colorectal cancer cells to chemotherapy，and reduce the toxic reactions of breast cancer patients during chemotherapy. Metformin is also used as an immunomodulator，applied in the immunotherapy of patients with esophagus cancer，colorectal cancer，cervical cancer，non-small cell lung cancer，and melanoma.

Based on discussing the U.S.strategies for reducing potentially preventable hospitalizations(PPHs)among elderly residents in long-term care facilities,the experiences are explored to provides insights for policy development in China.The U.S.has effectively lowered PPH rates and healthcare costs through a comprehensive long-term care service system,clinical interventions,and incentives.Analyzing the effectiveness and challenges of these measures suggests that China should conduct the reform by clarifying the roles of care institutions,strengthening incentive mechanisms,improving caregiver training,establishing evaluation systems,and enhancing data-driven decision support.It aims to develop a long-term care system tailored to China,reduce PPH rates,and improve the quality and efficiency of nursing services.

Based on discussing the U.S.strategies for reducing potentially preventable hospitalizations(PPHs)among elderly residents in long-term care facilities,the experiences are explored to provides insights for policy development in China.The U.S.has effectively lowered PPH rates and healthcare costs through a comprehensive long-term care service system,clinical interventions,and incentives.Analyzing the effectiveness and challenges of these measures suggests that China should conduct the reform by clarifying the roles of care institutions,strengthening incentive mechanisms,improving caregiver training,establishing evaluation systems,and enhancing data-driven decision support.It aims to develop a long-term care system tailored to China,reduce PPH rates,and improve the quality and efficiency of nursing services.

Based on discussing the U.S.strategies for reducing potentially preventable hospitalizations(PPHs)among elderly residents in long-term care facilities,the experiences are explored to provides insights for policy development in China.The U.S.has effectively lowered PPH rates and healthcare costs through a comprehensive long-term care service system,clinical interventions,and incentives.Analyzing the effectiveness and challenges of these measures suggests that China should conduct the reform by clarifying the roles of care institutions,strengthening incentive mechanisms,improving caregiver training,establishing evaluation systems,and enhancing data-driven decision support.It aims to develop a long-term care system tailored to China,reduce PPH rates,and improve the quality and efficiency of nursing services.

Based on discussing the U.S.strategies for reducing potentially preventable hospitalizations(PPHs)among elderly residents in long-term care facilities,the experiences are explored to provides insights for policy development in China.The U.S.has effectively lowered PPH rates and healthcare costs through a comprehensive long-term care service system,clinical interventions,and incentives.Analyzing the effectiveness and challenges of these measures suggests that China should conduct the reform by clarifying the roles of care institutions,strengthening incentive mechanisms,improving caregiver training,establishing evaluation systems,and enhancing data-driven decision support.It aims to develop a long-term care system tailored to China,reduce PPH rates,and improve the quality and efficiency of nursing services.

Based on discussing the U.S.strategies for reducing potentially preventable hospitalizations(PPHs)among elderly residents in long-term care facilities,the experiences are explored to provides insights for policy development in China.The U.S.has effectively lowered PPH rates and healthcare costs through a comprehensive long-term care service system,clinical interventions,and incentives.Analyzing the effectiveness and challenges of these measures suggests that China should conduct the reform by clarifying the roles of care institutions,strengthening incentive mechanisms,improving caregiver training,establishing evaluation systems,and enhancing data-driven decision support.It aims to develop a long-term care system tailored to China,reduce PPH rates,and improve the quality and efficiency of nursing services.

Based on discussing the U.S.strategies for reducing potentially preventable hospitalizations(PPHs)among elderly residents in long-term care facilities,the experiences are explored to provides insights for policy development in China.The U.S.has effectively lowered PPH rates and healthcare costs through a comprehensive long-term care service system,clinical interventions,and incentives.Analyzing the effectiveness and challenges of these measures suggests that China should conduct the reform by clarifying the roles of care institutions,strengthening incentive mechanisms,improving caregiver training,establishing evaluation systems,and enhancing data-driven decision support.It aims to develop a long-term care system tailored to China,reduce PPH rates,and improve the quality and efficiency of nursing services.