Background Due to the strong sunlight in summer, the temperature on the vehicle deck rises significantly under solar radiation and the internal structures are heated, resulting in prominent heat stress problems in the cabin and seriously affecting the training performance of staff. Objective To study temperature variation patterns inside special vehicle cabins after being exposed to solar radiation, and the quantitative relationship of convection and radiative heat transfer between the vehicle interior environment and the human body, which will provide design reference for further cabin temperature control. Methods Using a solar radiation simulation experimental system, a 6 h exposure experiment was conducted on a special vehicle. The solar radiation intensity from 9:00 to 15:00 on a summer day at an open testing field site was used as the experimental conditions. The tested parameters included temperature on the surface of the vehicle deck (10 points), ambient temperature in the cabin (2 points), near body ambient temperature of testees, radiative heat flux, and total heat flux. Results The temperature of vehicle deck, cabin, and near body increased with the rising solar radiation intensity before 13:30, and then gradually stabilized. The highest temperatures on the vehicle deck and inside the cabin reached 60.5 ℃ and 39.3 ℃, respectively. The highest ambient temperatures of near body for the 4 testees were 41.4 ℃, 41.1 ℃, 41.3 ℃, and 40.8 ℃, respectively, when the humidity inside the cabin was 48.7%. The ratio of radiative heat and convective heat acting on the human body varied over time. The heat transfer between personnel and the vehicle deck and cabin environment mainly exhibited human body heat dissipation until 9:30, when the ratio of radiative heat flux and convective heat flux of the the testees' head/face and chest/abdomen ranged from 1∶4 to 1∶7, and the ratio of the testees' feet was about 1∶3. During 10:00 to 11:00, the human body still exhibited heat dissipation towards the environment, with convective heat dissipation dominating towards the cabin environment, while the vehicle deck gradually began to transform radiative heat towards the human body, when the ratio of radiative heat flux to convective heat flux was 1∶3 to 1∶6. After 11:00, the main heat transfer pattern was from the surrounding environment to the human body, and the ratio of radiative heat flux to convective heat flux was 1∶9 to 1∶12, when the values of radiative heat flux and convective heat flux both significantly increased, and convective heat transfer was dominant. Conclusion The temperature of the special vehicle deck, cabin environment, and near body ambient increases with higher solar radiation intensity. The radiative heat flux and convective heat flux between the cabin environment and the human body gradually increase with the radiation intensity and radiation time, and the quantitative relationship between the two changes with time. Among them, convective heat transfer is always the main heat transfer mode, and the impact of radiative heat transfer on the human body cannot be ignored.

Objective:To explore the diagnosis, treatment and prognostic of pediatric intracranial atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor(AT/RT).Methods:A total of 15 pediatric patients with intracranial AT/RT were treated between January 2012 and June 2019 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Overall survival (OS) rate and progression free survival (PFS) rate were calculated by adopting Kaplan- Meier method.The differences between the 2 groups were tested by performing Log- rank method, and the prognostic factors were analyzed by COX regression. Results:There were 12 males and 3 females, with the median age of 5.5 years (ranging from 8 months to 17.1 years). All patients underwent surgical resection.Gross-total resection (GTR) was achieved in 10 cases and subtotal resection (STR) was carried out in 5 patients.The conducted treatments were as follows: surgery+ radiotherapy+ chemotherapy+ intrathecal injection in 6 cases, surgery+ chemotherapy+ intrathecal injection in 4 cases, surgery+ radiotherapy in 2 cases, and surgery alone in 3 cases.Until January 2020, the median survival time of all the 15 patients was 18 months (ranged 1-27 months), and the survival rate was 33.3%.The 1-year OS rate and PFS rate for all 15 cases were 71.5% and 49.7%, respectively.The 2-year OS rate and PFS rate were 17.9% and 0, respectively. Log- rank analyses revealed that the 1-year OS rates of children less than 3 years old and those older than 3 years were 87.5% and 57.1%, respectively ( χ2=6.057, P=0.014). The 1-year OS rates of children with GTR and those with STR were 90.0% and 40.0%, respectively ( χ2=6.057, P=0.014). The 1-year OS rates of children with tumor dissemination and those without tumor dissemination were 100.0% and 33.3%, respectively( χ2=9.865, P=0.002). The 1-year OS rates of children in the standard-risk group and those in the high-risk group were 88.9% and 41.7%, respectively ( χ2=5.111, P=0.024). COX regression analyses proved that age, the extent of tumor resection, tumor dissemination and risk stratification are independent risk factors for prognosis [hazard radio( HR)=3.411, 3.795, 5.245, 3.397; P=0.025, 0.011, 0.001, 0.017]. Conclusions:Pediatric intracranial AT/RT is rare.The preliminary diagnosis and prognosis are difficult and poor, respectively.The complete resection of tumors with maximal safety remains the primary treatment.Age, the extent of tumor resection, tumor dissemination and risk stratification are independent prognostic factors for AT/RT children.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) for early hematoma enlargement in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods:Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2014 to January 2019 were enrolled retrospectively. The patients were sent to hospital within 6 h after onset, and the diagnosis of cerebral hemorrhage was confirmed by head CT. The head CT was reexamined within 24 h after the first head CT. Hematoma enlargement was defined as hematoma volume increase >6 ml or relative volume increase >33%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent risk factors for influencing early hematoma enlargement. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive ability of hs-CRP for hematoma enlargement. Results:A total of 154 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were included, including 99 males (64.3%), aged 58.7±11.1 years. The median baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score was 13. The time from onset to first CT scan was 2.92±1.35 h. The time from the first CT to the second one was 16.05±4.40 h. The baseline volume of hematoma was 21.82±11.08 ml. Among them, 27 patients (17.5%) had hematoma that broke into the ventricle, 40 (26.0%) had hematoma enlargement. The average hs-CRP level at admission in the enlarged hematoma group was significantly higher than that in the non-enlarged hematoma group (11.56±3.72 mg/L vs. 9.51±4.31 ml; t=-2.669, P=0.008). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hs-CRP at admission (odds ratio [ OR] 1.123, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.017-1.241; P=0.022), irregular hematoma shape ( OR 4.160, 95% CI 1.714-10.098; P=0.002) and the time from onset to the first CT scan ( OR 0.510, 95% CI 0.323-0.803; P=0.004) were significantly correlated with hematoma enlargement. Pearson correlation analysis showed that hs-CRP was positively correlated with baseline hematoma volume ( r=0.237, P=0.003). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of hs-CRP predicting hematoma enlargement was 0.678 (95% CI 0.584-0.772). The optimal cut-off value was 10.55 mg/L. The sensitivity and specificity for predicting hematoma enlargement were 86.9% and 60.0%, respectively. Conclusion:For patients with hs-CRP ≥10.55 mg/L at admission, irregular hematoma shape, and the time from admission to the first CT scan <3 h, should be focused the management and be alert to the occurrence of early hematoma enlargement.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficiency evaluation and prognostic factors of aspiration guided by neuronavigation in the treatment of pediatric brain abscess (PBA).Methods:A total of 47 patients with PBA were treated with aspiration guided by neuronavigation between January 2013 and January 2019 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.All clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.According to Glasgow Outcome Scale on discharge, all children were divided into 2 groups, namely good prognosis group and poor prognosis group.Prognostic factors were analyzed by using univariate analysis and binary Logistic regression multivariate analysis. Results:Among the 47 children, 38 children (80.9%) were assigned to the good prognosis group, and 9 children (19.1%) were assigned to the poor prognosis group.Univariate analysis proved that abscess volume>4 cm( χ2=5.650, P=0.017), multiple or multilocular abscess ( χ2=3.258, P=0.027), and abscess located in functional areas ( χ2=6.187, P=0.013) were correlated with poor prognosis.Multivariate analysis revealed that abscess volume>4 cm( OR=5.913, 95% CI: 2.241-25.917, P=0.023) and abscess located in functional areas ( OR=10.519, 95% CI: 3.918-62.513, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis. Conclusion:The treatment of PBA with aspiration guided by neuronavigation is safe, effective and minimal invasive, and the clinical efficiency is satisfactory.Abscess volume>4 cm and abscess located in deepbrain/functional areas are independent risk factors for poor prognosis.

Objective To summarize the preliminary experience of extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (C.R.P.C.four-step) for localized prostate cancer and the outcomes based on early follow-up.Methods A total of 102 prostate cancer patients were screened by prostate specific antigen (PSA) and diagnosed by prostate magnetic resonance imaging and prostatic puncture biopsy with cT1c-cT3b,with average age of (67 ±5) years old,average preoperative total PSA value of (45.32 ± 18.33) ng/ml,and average prostate volume was (42 ± 12)cm3.All these patients underwent extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy by the four-step technique,abbreviating as C.R.P.C.[C:control DVC (dorsal deep venous complex).R:recognize three anatomical layers (prostate and bladder junction,seminal vesicle,and Denonvilliers' fascia surface).P:preserve urethral sphincter and bladder neck.C:continuous anastomosis between urethra and bladder neck (4 key needles at 3,5,7 and 9 o'clock)].The operative time,estimated blood loss,length of hospital stay and postoperative complications were recorded,and the postoperative PSA was followed up.Results All the 102 cases were successfully treated by iaparoscopic radical prostatectomy.The operative time was from 55 to 156 min (mean 92 min),and the estimated blood loss was from 55 to 185 ml (mean 105 ml).There was no case converted of open surgery,only one case received blood transfusion for postoperative hemorrhage (0.98％),and positive surgical margin was found in 15 case (14.70％) by pathological examination.Postoperative urinary extravasation within one week occurred in 2 (1.96％) cases,and resolved after tensioning the catheter and prolonging the indwelling time.During the follow-up period of 12 to 45 months,2 cases were incontinent (grade I-II),and the other cases(98.04％) had no incontinence or dysuria.However,11 cases (10.78％) developed to biochemical recurrence within 6 months after the operation.Conclusions The C.R.P.C.four-step technique of lparoscopic radical prostatectomy is easily to be grasped and performed by the greenhand urologists,and was efficient and safe.

Objective: To sample survey the relationship between acute mountain sickness and mental health of officers and soldiers, so as to provide theoretical direction for the psychological prevent and counsel of them. Methods: In May 2017, 61 officers and soldiers were selectedas subject investigated, and divided to AMS group included 35 persons and non-AMS group included 26 persons according to the finding of theAMS symptom division point table, then used symptom self-testing tableto test and evaluate the mental health of them. Results: The AMS group showed significantly higher scores on the psychological parameters such as omatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, phobicanxiety, parnoid ideation and so on (105.20±13.82, 1.37±0.26, 1.14±0.21, 1.16±0.19, 1.16±0.18, 1.06±0.11, 1.10±0.17, 1.22±0.19, P<0.05) . Conclusion The mental factors of omatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, parnoid ideation and so on had great influence on AMS, we should pay attention to these factors and carry on mental intervention, and enhance anti-stress ability of individual, to ensure the successful completion of plateau military mission.

Objective To prolong the working time of the crew under a high temperature and high humidity environment in armored vehicles , improve work efficiency , and to prevent excessive heat load from doing any harm to the human body . Methods The man-machine environment was analyzed , the corresponding environment and the conditions aboard were further quantitatively studied , and man-machine-environment interactions were analyzed .Also,a questionnaire survey was conducted at the same time .Results and Conclusion The thermal equilibrium and thermal comfort calculation program were compiled and validated through the questionnaire survey in order to provide support for environment assessment and protection design .

Objective To design a controller for the air environment of cabins of special vehicles .Methods The microprocessor was used to collect and store parameters ,and calculate automatically the operative mode of actuators ,such as the fan,air-conditioner,oxygenerator,air cleaner, filtering and boosting devices according to the preset target values .Output commands by RS485 were used to control actuators .Results and Conclusion The controller is capable of control integration for air-adjusting equipment while improving the control effect of the air quality in cabins of special vehicles .

The characteristics of human body impact response and several impact test objects are analyzed.The strengths and weaknesses of different research methods applied to different human landing impact test objects are contrasted.The relevant experimental findings and evaluation criteria of domestic and international tests on human landing impact are analyzed.The results show that the selected human substitutes in several research tests have some flaws, so it is urgent to formulate regulations on the load characteristics, individual characteristics, the posture of the test object and the protection status, and it is recessary to study impact tolerance and protective methods of corresponding operating personnel for different transports.

Objective To investigate the relationship between psychological quality and performance capacity of the crew in armored equipment so as to provide scientific evidence for the training of crew .Methods The psychological quality of 82 crew members of armored cavalry was tested and analyzed by neurobehavioral testers and questionnaires .Results and Conclusion The education level and age had no significant effect on the performance capacity among the armored crew . The test results of psychological quality parameters showed the same trend as the performance capacity of the crew , but their psychological health status had obvious effect on the performance capacity .The psychological quality of the crew had great influence on their performance capacity ,so we should pay attention to mental intervention ,enhance psychological protection ability of the crew , and improve their combat effectiveness continuously .