Esophageal cancer is the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system. The treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In order to prolong the survival time and reduce the recurrence rate, most of the patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer were treated with combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There are many ways of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, together with the application of molecular targeting and immune drugs in esophageal cancer, there are different modes of combined therapy, which are of great significance to improve clinical efficacy and treatment compliance. This article reviews the progress of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer in recent years.

Objective To analyze clinical efficacy of esomeprazole combined with pantoprazole injection in the treatment of patients with peptic ulcer complicated with gastric hemorrhage.Methods Totally 150 patients with peptic ulcer complicated with gastric hemorrhage were randomly divided into control group and study group,75 cases in each group.The control group was treated with esomeprazole,and the study group was treated with esomeprazole combined with pantoprazole injection.The degree of pain,quality of life,amount of bleeding and curative effect were observed and compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,VAS score in both groups decreased significantly,and the VAS score of study group was significantly lower than the control group (P ＜0.05).After treatment,the SF-36 score in both groups increased significantly,and the SF-36 score in study group was significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).In the study group,the total effective rate of study group was 97.3％,which was significantly higher than 82.7％ in the control group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Esomeprazole combined with pantoprazole injection can effectively inhibit gastric acid secretion,protect the gastric mucosa alleviate lower abdominal pain.

Objective To analyze clinical efficacy of esomeprazole combined with pantoprazole injection in the treatment of patients with peptic ulcer complicated with gastric hemorrhage.Methods Totally 150 patients with peptic ulcer complicated with gastric hemorrhage were randomly divided into control group and study group,75 cases in each group.The control group was treated with esomeprazole,and the study group was treated with esomeprazole combined with pantoprazole injection.The degree of pain,quality of life,amount of bleeding and curative effect were observed and compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,VAS score in both groups decreased significantly,and the VAS score of study group was significantly lower than the control group (P ＜0.05).After treatment,the SF-36 score in both groups increased significantly,and the SF-36 score in study group was significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).In the study group,the total effective rate of study group was 97.3％,which was significantly higher than 82.7％ in the control group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Esomeprazole combined with pantoprazole injection can effectively inhibit gastric acid secretion,protect the gastric mucosa alleviate lower abdominal pain.

To investigate the value of MRI for the diagnosis of achilles tendon closed rupture. 1.5T Maestro Class MRI scanner was used for the conventional scanning of 15 patients confirmed with achilles tendon closed ruptures by operation, and then the findings by imaging were compared with those by operation. The 15 patients proved with achilles tendon closed rupture, including 4 cases of incomplete rupture and 11 cases of complete rupture. MRI could display clearly the changes in morphology and signal of incomplete or complete closed ruptures of Achilles tendon, and the results were consistent with those by operation. MRI can make an accurate display of the lo-cation and extent of achilles tendon rupture.

Objective To explore the advantages of Argus method by comparing the accuracy and timeliness of Argus and artificial methods for measuring femoral head necrosis area in MRI scanning.Methods Totally 17 patients (31 hips) were measured with Argus and artificial methods respectively for the necrosis area, and then the measuring results and time were compared, and the correlation was investigated between the results and the patients' pain degree, along with that between the results and the extent of femoral head collapse.Results The necrosis area ratios determined by Argus and artificial methods were (33.5±4.08)%and (34.6±4.06)%respectively, with no statistical difference between the ratios (P>0.05). The time consumed by artificial method was (21.3 ±3.62)min, significantly longer than (7.89 ±1.03)min by Argus method, with P<0.001. Regression analysis proved that the necrosis areas were positively correlated with the patients' pain degree, and the correlation coefficient by Argus method was 0.807 8, more than 0.740 9 by artificial method. The femoral heads of 11 cases(16 hips) collapsed in the follow-up period, the necrosis areas were positively correlated with the patients collapse level, but the correlation coefficient by Argus method was 0.783 8, more than 0.726 7 by artificial method.Conclusion Argus method gains high accuracy and timeliness when used in MRI scanning of femoral head necrosis area, and thus is worth popularizing clinically.

Objective By means of analyzing the antihypertensive use of hypertension patients of Guiyang in 2013 and impact factors for basic drug use,to evaluate the impacts of the essential medicines list in place in Guiyang to hypertension patients in communities in Guiyang.Methods 969 hypertension patients were surveyed with structured questionnaire of stratified random sampling at 6 community health centers in Guiyang city.Results Hypertension patients in communities averaged 1.4 types of antihypertensive,and the essential medicines used accounted for 39.8％of all the antihypertensive.The distribution differences of the ratio of essential medicines use are significant interms of age,gender,and household annual income.Use ratio of non-essential medicines of the 55～64 age group and 65～74 age group are 3.48 times and 0.47 times over that of the 75 and above age group.For hypertension patients of low income and medium income,their probable use of non-essential medicines is 2.05 and 2.87 times that of high income households.Conclusion As the use ratio of hypertension patients in Guiyang is relatively low,and the factors for it are age and household income,focused intervention is recommended for the 65～74 age group and low-income households,for the purpose of high use ratio of essential medicines of such people.

Objective To explore the metabolic characteristic of prostate cancer (PCa) in central gland with magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic, and evaluate the value of MRS in the differential diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia nodus. Methods MR images were performed in 38 cases with prostate disease by 3.0T MR, 11 cases with PCa in central gland and 27 cases with benign prostatic hyperplasia nodus. All the cases were scanned by routine, then by the combined MRS. MRS findings were reviewed in 27 cases with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 11 cases with PCa (3 in central gland origin, 8 with large tumor invading both peripheral zone and central gland). (Cho+Cr)/Cit ratios of PCa and BPH were retrospectively measured, (Cho+Cr)/Cit of PCa voxels were compared with that of BPH voxels. Results Significantly higher choline levels and lower citrate levels were observed in central gland of PCa compared with BPH. In the glandular BPH region, the amount of Cit was high; while in the stromal region, the Cit and Cho level was much lower. The average (Cho+Cre)/Cit values of PCa and BHP were 1.94±1.43 and 0. 83±0. 28 respectively, the difference in ratio between both was statistically significant (P＜0. 01). Conclusions The combined use of MRI and MR spectroscopy is propitious for differentiating prostate cancer in central gland and benign prostatic hyperplasia nodus and for increasing the diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer.

Objective To explore whether dynamic contrast-enhanced MRA (DCE MRA) can provide an effective assessment of renal vascular in living donors before transplantation.Methods Thirty five healthy living renal donor candidates were scanned on MR system before transplantation.After injection of Gd-DTPA 1 ml in vein, a test-bolus scan was used to get the time delay of Gd-DTPA reaching renal artery.Then, a 3D T1-weighted fast low-angle shot sequence (3D FLASH) was performed in the coronal plane.The 3D FLASH scan would repeat four times with an inter-phase of 10 seconds.Thus, the imaging of the renal arterial, venous and collecting systems were got.Two radiologists observed renal arteries and veins on original imaging and MIP reconstructed imaging.The quality of MR angiography was evaluated on a fivepoint scale and the vascular anatomy or variations of the arterial and venous systems were recorded, using intraoperative findings as a standard of reference.Results The quality for all MRA was good or very good for the most of living renal donors.Among 70 renals, several variations of vascular were found, including 5 left accessory artery, 9 right accessory artery, 3 left proximal arterial branch and 6 right proximal arterial branch.Among 70 renal veins, 1 right accessory veins and 2 left varieocele were observed.One small accessory artery of right kidney was missed with DCE MRA, but identified by operation.Conclusion DCE MRA was noninvasive tool for evaluation of the renal vasculature and variations with high accuracy.It would be a good modality in preoperative evaluation of living renal donors.

Objective To compare conventional T2-weighted MR cholangiography (T2WI-MRC) with gadobenate dimeglumine enhanced T1-weighted MR cholangiography(CE-MRC) for evalution of biliary anatomy in liver transplant donor candidates. Methods Thirty-two healthy liver transplant donor candidates were examined with two MR cholangiogaphic methods. For T2WI-MRC, a three-dimensional turbo spin-echo sequence and oblique coronal heavily T2-weighted thick-slab turbo spin-echo imaging sequence were performed. For CE-MRC, three-dimensional fat-suppressed spoiled gradient-echo sequences were performed, with a time delay of 60 minutes following the administration of gadobenate dimeglumine. To compare the depiction of biliary duct anatomy and the artifact caused by intestinal liquid and breathing between the two methods. Intraoperative cholangiography was the reference-standard examination. Results The both methods depicted the biliary anatomy correctly in all 9 cases. The both methods showed the third branches of intrahepatic biliary duct clearly. T2WI-MRC showed interhepatic bihary duct before the third branches in 28 cases (87.5%), CE-MRC showed the same finding in 14 cases (43.8% ). T2WI-MRC showed common bile ducts intermitantly in 2 cases, which were normal in CE-MRC and intraoperative cholangiography. Intestinal liquid affected the image quality of biliary duct in 6 cases (18.8%) performed with T2WI-MRC, but none with CE-MRC. The artifacts caused by breathing were not obvious in the either method. Conclusion T2WI-MRC and CE-MRC both can be used to evaluate bihary anatomy of liver transplant donor candidates, but CE-MRC appears to be more accurate than T2WI-MRC.

The contour line of human brain was simulated by the curve-fitting methods and then the inner area was discretized by advancing-front methods which was improved at last. The curve-fitting result was similar to the CT picture of the human brain and the discrete result of inner area could be completed quickly by improved advanced-front methods. A finite element model with the contour line of human brain was built primarily which will contribute to the next algorithm study of electrical impedance tomography in human brain.
Algorithms ; Brain ; anatomy & histology ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Models, Anatomic ; Models, Neurological