Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) has evolved from a regional, sporadically occurring infectious disease into a global public health challenge. The accelerated spread of the pandemic is primarily driven by the increasing adaptability and genetic variation of the virus , coupled with the expanding geographical range of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes . In endemic areas, asymptomatic carriers during the incubation period and subclinical infections constitute significant sources of transmission . Concurrently , pressure exists to prevent both imported cases and local transmission . While Aedes albopictus demonstrates higher transmission capability than Aedes aegypti , and transmission routes like blood transfusion and mother-to-child are uncommon in non-endemic areas , their associated risks remain relatively high in highly endemic regions. Most cases present with acute fever , arthralgia and rash , and As no specific antiviral treatment exists, clinical management primarily focuses on symptomatic and supportive care . The limitations of traditional chemical vector control and environmental management for mosquito elimination , combined with factors like insecticide resistance , result in suboptimal long-term vector control effectiveness . Furthermore , the limited accessibility of vaccines presents significant challenges to the sustainability of control strategies . Facing these multi-dimensional challenges , a comprehensive understanding of the disease and scientific control measures are imperative . This balances mosquito control with ecological protection through precise identification of breeding sites , optimization of vector control methods to minimize environmental impact , and enhanced efficiency in vector management . It requires integrating symptom control with causal intervention, developing more specific antiviral therapeutics and explore sequential therapeutic approaches (e.g. , ^“antiviral + immunomodulatory^” regimens) to mitigate severe outcomes and chronic sequelae. It demands strengthening community-based governance integrated with precision-targeted interventions, establishing a robust end-to-end containment system (^“imported cases–local transmission–source tracing–vector surveillance^”) for rapid interruption of local transmission chains . Finally , it involves advancing the integration of biotechnology and intelligent monitoring to advance intelligent mosquito monitoring systems for real-time early warning , and construct a stable , sustainable vector control ecosystem integrating chemical , biological , and physical methods to suppress vector population density , reduce transmission risk, and elevate overall control efficacy.

Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) has evolved from a regional, sporadically occurring infectious disease into a global public health challenge. The accelerated spread of the pandemic is primarily driven by the increasing adaptability and genetic variation of the virus , coupled with the expanding geographical range of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes . In endemic areas, asymptomatic carriers during the incubation period and subclinical infections constitute significant sources of transmission . Concurrently , pressure exists to prevent both imported cases and local transmission . While Aedes albopictus demonstrates higher transmission capability than Aedes aegypti , and transmission routes like blood transfusion and mother-to-child are uncommon in non-endemic areas , their associated risks remain relatively high in highly endemic regions. Most cases present with acute fever , arthralgia and rash , and As no specific antiviral treatment exists, clinical management primarily focuses on symptomatic and supportive care . The limitations of traditional chemical vector control and environmental management for mosquito elimination , combined with factors like insecticide resistance , result in suboptimal long-term vector control effectiveness . Furthermore , the limited accessibility of vaccines presents significant challenges to the sustainability of control strategies . Facing these multi-dimensional challenges , a comprehensive understanding of the disease and scientific control measures are imperative . This balances mosquito control with ecological protection through precise identification of breeding sites , optimization of vector control methods to minimize environmental impact , and enhanced efficiency in vector management . It requires integrating symptom control with causal intervention, developing more specific antiviral therapeutics and explore sequential therapeutic approaches (e.g. , ^“antiviral + immunomodulatory^” regimens) to mitigate severe outcomes and chronic sequelae. It demands strengthening community-based governance integrated with precision-targeted interventions, establishing a robust end-to-end containment system (^“imported cases–local transmission–source tracing–vector surveillance^”) for rapid interruption of local transmission chains . Finally , it involves advancing the integration of biotechnology and intelligent monitoring to advance intelligent mosquito monitoring systems for real-time early warning , and construct a stable , sustainable vector control ecosystem integrating chemical , biological , and physical methods to suppress vector population density , reduce transmission risk, and elevate overall control efficacy.

Objective:To investigate the influence of indoxyl sulfate(IS), a typical protein-bound uremic toxin, on left atrial (LA) functional strains using three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3DSTE).Methods:From May 2019 to January 2020, 128 individuals were consecutively enrolled, including 37 healthy controls and 91 patients, who received maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in the blood purification center of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University. Conventional echocardiographic parameters and 3DSTE datas of LA were obtained on interdialytic days.LA reservoir, conduit and contraction strains (LASr, LAScd and LASct) were calculated and compared. IS concentration in plasma was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in the MHD cohort.According to the IS concentration, the MHD group was divided into high and low IS (HI and LI) groups. The LA data were also compared between the two groups and linear regression analysis was used to identify independent impact factors of LA strains.Results:Compared to the control group, MHD group had markedly enlarged LA volumes( P<0.05). With regard to the LA phasic strains, both of LASr and LAScd were decreased( P<0.05), while LASct remained unchanged( P>0.05). Compared to the LI group, LASr, LAScd and LASct of the HI group were significantly decreased(all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed IS concentration correlated well with LASr( rs=-0.674, P<0.001), LAScd( rs=0.454, P<0.001) and LASct( rs=0.376, P<0.001). After adjustment of age, systolic blood pressure, left ventricular mass index(LVMI), and pulmonary systolic pressure, IS concentration remained independently associated with LASr (β=-0.206, 95% CI=-0.353--0.059, P=0.007). Conclusions:In MHD patients, LA is enlarged, and its reservoir function and conduit function are impaired.LA strains derived from 3DSTE are independently related to the IS concentration in plasma, which can be used for the monitoring and evaluation of IS induced cardiac injury.

Objective To clarify the age patterns and types of differences so as to provide reference on prevention and interventions of hand,foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases,in Hubei province.Methods We collected the HFMD case information of Hubei province from the Chinese National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System in 2009-2015 while the information on pathogens from the laboratory monitoring system of Center for Disease Control and Prevention at all levels in Hubei province.All the data were stratified by age,disease severity,laboratory confirmation status,and serotypes of enterovirus.Results There were 495 783 reported HFMD cases from 2009 to 2015,in Hubei province,of which 1 045 were severe with 99 fatal.The annual notification rate was 1 231.0/106.HFMD cases were concentrated mainly in 0.5-5 year olds,with highest severity and mortality seen in 6-11 month-olds.The predominated pathogen in mild laboratory-confirmed cases each year,in order during 2009-2015 as:EV71,Cox A16,Cox A16,Cox A16,EV71,Cox A16 and other EV.HFMD showed semiannual peaks in April-June,November-December,and with more cases in the even years than in the odd years.Conclusions Children aged 0.5 to 5 years with 6 to 11 month-olds in particular,were the focused groups of attention in Hubei province.Our findings provided evidence for the improvement on monitoring program.Targeted intervention approaches should be strengthened to reduce the mortality and morbidity of HFMD in the province.