OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of medicated serum of Siwutang on autophagy of ovarian granulosa cells （KGN cells） in polycystic ovarian syndrome （PCOS） and its underlying mechanism. METHODS Blank serum and different- concentration medicated serum of Siwutang were prepared by intragastric administration of normal saline and different doses of Siwutang [0.52， 1.04， 2.08 g/（kg·d）] in 3-month-old female SD rats. After screening the intervention concentration of Siwutang medicated serum， KGN cells were divided into control group （without any treatment）， dehydroepiandrosterone （DHEA） group （treated with 50 μmol/L DHEA for 48 h）， blank serum group （treated with 50 μmol/L DHEA for 48 h and with 10% blank serum for 72 h） and medium-concentration of Siwutang medicated serum group （treated with 50 μmol/L DHEA for 48 h and with 10% medium-concentration Siwutang medicated serum for 72 h）. The number of autophagosomes was observed in each group， and protein expressions of pathway-related proteins [fructose-1， 6-bisphosphatase 1 （FBP1），mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， phosphorylated mTOR （p-mTOR）]， autophagy-related proteins [p62， microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）] and mRNA expression of FBP1 were also detected. The （transfected） cells were further divided into Siwutang group （treated with 10% medium dose of Siwutang medicated serum for 72 h after 48 h intervention with 50 μmol/L DHEA）， Siwutang+si-NC group [negative control small interfering RNA （siRNA） transfected cells treated with 50 μmol/L DHEA for 48 h， and then with 10% medium-concentration of Siwutang medicated serum for 72 h] and Siwutang+si-FBP1 group （FBP1 siRNA transfected cells treated with 50 μmol/L DHEA for 48 h， and then with 10% medium-concentration Siwutang medicated serum for 72 h）. The effects of knocking down FBP1 on the above-mentioned effects of Siwutang were detected. RESULTS Compared with control group， DHEA group exhibited an increase in the number of autophagosomes， an elevated LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and p-mTOR/mTOR， as well as increases in protein and mRNA expressions of FBP1， and decreased protein expression of p62 （P＜0.05）. Compared to both DHEA group and blank serum group， the medium-concentration of Siwutang medicated serum group showed a decrease in the number of autophagosomes， a decrease in LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ， and increases in p-mTOR/mTOR， protein expression of p62， protein and mRNA expressions of FBP1 （P＜0.05）. After knocking down FBP1， compared with Siwutang+si-NC group， Siwutang+si-FBP1 group showed a significant decrease in cell viability， protein expression of p62 ， protein and mRNA expressions of FBP1 as well as p-mTOR/mTOR， and an increase in LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Siwutang can promote the phosphorylation of mTOR protein by up- regulating the protein and mRNA expressions of FBP1 in KGN cells， thus inhibiting autophagy of KGN cells.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of medicated serum of Siwutang on autophagy of ovarian granulosa cells （KGN cells） in polycystic ovarian syndrome （PCOS） and its underlying mechanism. METHODS Blank serum and different- concentration medicated serum of Siwutang were prepared by intragastric administration of normal saline and different doses of Siwutang [0.52， 1.04， 2.08 g/（kg·d）] in 3-month-old female SD rats. After screening the intervention concentration of Siwutang medicated serum， KGN cells were divided into control group （without any treatment）， dehydroepiandrosterone （DHEA） group （treated with 50 μmol/L DHEA for 48 h）， blank serum group （treated with 50 μmol/L DHEA for 48 h and with 10% blank serum for 72 h） and medium-concentration of Siwutang medicated serum group （treated with 50 μmol/L DHEA for 48 h and with 10% medium-concentration Siwutang medicated serum for 72 h）. The number of autophagosomes was observed in each group， and protein expressions of pathway-related proteins [fructose-1， 6-bisphosphatase 1 （FBP1），mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， phosphorylated mTOR （p-mTOR）]， autophagy-related proteins [p62， microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）] and mRNA expression of FBP1 were also detected. The （transfected） cells were further divided into Siwutang group （treated with 10% medium dose of Siwutang medicated serum for 72 h after 48 h intervention with 50 μmol/L DHEA）， Siwutang+si-NC group [negative control small interfering RNA （siRNA） transfected cells treated with 50 μmol/L DHEA for 48 h， and then with 10% medium-concentration of Siwutang medicated serum for 72 h] and Siwutang+si-FBP1 group （FBP1 siRNA transfected cells treated with 50 μmol/L DHEA for 48 h， and then with 10% medium-concentration Siwutang medicated serum for 72 h）. The effects of knocking down FBP1 on the above-mentioned effects of Siwutang were detected. RESULTS Compared with control group， DHEA group exhibited an increase in the number of autophagosomes， an elevated LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and p-mTOR/mTOR， as well as increases in protein and mRNA expressions of FBP1， and decreased protein expression of p62 （P＜0.05）. Compared to both DHEA group and blank serum group， the medium-concentration of Siwutang medicated serum group showed a decrease in the number of autophagosomes， a decrease in LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ， and increases in p-mTOR/mTOR， protein expression of p62， protein and mRNA expressions of FBP1 （P＜0.05）. After knocking down FBP1， compared with Siwutang+si-NC group， Siwutang+si-FBP1 group showed a significant decrease in cell viability， protein expression of p62 ， protein and mRNA expressions of FBP1 as well as p-mTOR/mTOR， and an increase in LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Siwutang can promote the phosphorylation of mTOR protein by up- regulating the protein and mRNA expressions of FBP1 in KGN cells， thus inhibiting autophagy of KGN cells.

Objective To analyze the status and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in permanent residents in a certain area. Methods The clinical data of 6 792 permanent residents surveyed from January 2021 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. All subjects underwent 13C-urea breath test，and relevant general information was collected to analyze Hp infection status. According to whether Hp infection occurred, they were divided into positive group (n=4 283) and negative group (n=2 509). The differences in general information, living habits, and dietary habits between the two groups of subjects were analyzed, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results Among the 6 792 permanent residents surveyed from January 2021 to December 2023, 4283 were positive for 13C-urea breath test, accounting for 63.05% of the total. There were statistically significant differences in age distribution, gender, BMI, tableware cleaning, personal hygiene products use, chopsticks use, and raw food and vegetable cleaning between the positive group and the negative group (P<0.05). The single factors of Hp infection were substituted into multivariate logistic regression analysis equation, and it was found that age ≥45 years old, male, BMI≥24, no use of detergents to clean utensils, sharing personal hygiene products, not using public chopsticks, having a habit of eating raw food, and not cleaning vegetables before eating were independent risk factors for Hp infection. Conclusion The positive rate of Hp infection in this area is relatively high, and the infection factors are related to age, gender, and some lifestyle and dietary habits.

Objective To analyze the trends in the disease burden of schistosomiasis in China from 1992 to 2021, and to project the disease burden of schistosomiasis in China from 2022 to 2030, so as to provide insights into the elimination of schistosomiasis in China. Methods The prevalence, age-standardized prevalence, disability-adjusted life year (DALYs) rate and age-standardized DALYs rate of schistosomiasis, as well as the years lost due to disability (YLDs) rate and age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections in China, the world and different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions were captured from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) data resources, and the trends in the disease burden due to schistosomiasis were evaluated with estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). In addition, the age, period and cohort effects on the prevalence of schistosomiasis were examined in China using an age-period-cohort (APC) model, and the disease burden of schistosomiasis was predicted in China from 2022 to 2030 using a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model. Results The age-standardized prevalence and DALYs rate of schistosomiasis, and the age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections were 761.32/10⁵, 5.55/10⁵ and 0.38/10⁵ in China in 2021. These rates were all lower than the global levels (1 914.30/10⁵, 21.90/10⁵ and 3.36/10⁵, respectively), as well as those in the medium SDI regions (1 413.61/10⁵, 12.10/10⁵ and 1.93/10⁵, respectively), low-medium SDI regions (2 461.03/10⁵, 26.81/10⁵ and 4.48/10⁵, respectively), and low SDI regions (5 832.77/10⁵, 94.48/10⁵ and 10.65/10⁵, respectively), but higher than those in the high SDI regions (59.47/10⁵, 0.49/10⁵ and 0.05/10⁵, respectively) and high-medium SDI regions (123.11/10⁵, 1.20/10⁵ and 0.12/10⁵, respectively). The prevalence and DALYs rate of schistosomiasis were higher among men (820.79/10⁵ and 5.86/10⁵, respectively) than among women (697.96/10⁵ and 5.23/10⁵, respectively) in China in 2021, while the YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections was higher among women (0.66/10⁵) than among men (0.12/10⁵). The prevalence of schistosomiasis peaked at ages of 30 to 34 years among both men and women, while the DALYs rate of schistosomiasis peaked among men at ages of 15 to 19 years and among women at ages of 20 to 24 years. The age-standardized prevalence of schistosomiasis showed a moderate decline in China from 1992 to 2021 relative to different SDI regions [EAPC = -1.51%, 95% CI: (-1.65%, -1.38%)], while the age-standardized DALYs rate [EAPC = -3.61%, 95% CI: (-3.90%, -3.33%)] and age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections [EAPC = -4.16%, 95% CI: (-4.38%, -3.94%)] appeared the fastest decline in China from1992 to 2021 relative to different SDI regions. APC modeling showed age, period, and cohort effects on the trends in the prevalence of schistosomiasis in China from 1992 to 2021, and the prevalence of schistosomiasis appeared a rise followed by decline with age, and reduced with period and cohort. BAPC modeling revealed that the age-standardized prevalence and age-standardized DALYs rate of schistosomiasis, and age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections all appeared a tendency towards a decline in China from 2022 to 2030, which reduced to 722.72/10⁵ [95% CI: (538.74/10⁵, 906.68/10⁵)], 5.19/10⁵ [95% CI: (3.54/10⁵, 6.84/10⁵)] and 0.30/10⁵ [95% CI: (0.21/10⁵, 0.39/10⁵)] in 2030, respectively. Conclusions The disease burden of schistosomiasis appeared a tendency towards a decline in China from 1992 to 2021, and is projected to appear a tendency towards a decline from 2022 to 2030. There are age, period and cohort effects on the prevalence of schistosomiasis in China. Precision schistosomiasis control is required with adaptations to current prevalence and elimination needs.

[Objective] To evaluate the feasibility of a novel outpatient infusion model for blinatumomab in two acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, aiming to address challenges of poor treatment tolerance, high healthcare costs, and compromised quality of life, thereby providing clinical insights for broader adoption of this approach. [Methods] Two post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) patients undergoing blinatumomab maintenance therapy were selected to evaluate the efficacy of the outpatient infusion model. Patient selection criteria, nursing protocols, standardized workflows, and advancements in infusion practices were systematically analyzed combined with a review of global developments in this field. [Results] Both patients completed outpatient blinatumomab infusion without severe adverse events, demonstrating preliminary feasibility and safety of this model. The novel approach enhanced treatment convenience, reduced hospitalization costs, and improved quality of life. [Conclusion] Despite the limited sample size, this pilot study highlights the potential of outpatient blinatumomab administration as a viable alternative to traditional inpatient regimens.

Jiegeng decoction is a classic prescription composed of two Chinese medicinal herbs： Platycodon grandiflorum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. It has the efficacy of diffusing lung qi， resolving phlegm， relieving sore throat and discharging pus， and is commonly used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as cough and pharyngodynia. This article reviews the chemical components， pharmacological mechanisms and clinical applications of Jiegeng decoction. It was found that Jiegeng decoction contains triterpenoid saponins， flavonoids， glycosides， acids， and other components， with platycodin D， platycodin D2， glycyrrhizic acid， glycyrrhetinic acid， liquiritin， etc.， serving as the main active pharmaceutical ingredients. Jiegeng decoction and its chemical constituents exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB and mitogen- activated protein kinases， and demonstrate anti-tumor activities through mechanisms like modulating the tumor immune microenvironment and promoting cancer cell apoptosis. Additionally， it exhibits various pharmacological actions including antibacterial， antiviral， and antioxidant effects. Clinically， Jiegeng decoction， its modified prescription and compound combinations are widely used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as cough， pneumonia， and pharyngitis， as well as digestive system disorders like constipation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemic characteristics and influencing factors of acute conjunctivitis caused by human adenovirus（HAdv）in Yantian District of Shenzhen City， Guangdong Province from 2014 to 2022， and to provide evidence for formulating effective prevention and control measures. MethodsDescriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis （AHC） cases reported from the Chinese disease prevention and control information system. Etiological characteristics of laboratory-confirmed cases were analyzed， and a case-control study method of test-negative design （TND） was conducted as well. According to the result of HAdv detection， analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of morbidity. ResultsA total of 1 005 AHC cases were reported in Yantian District， Shenzhen City from 2014 to 2022， with an average annual incidence rate of 49.49/10⁵. The incidence rate ranged from 4.67/10⁵ to 117.28/10⁵. The peak incidence occurred from July to October each year， with a male-to-female ratio of 1.42∶1. The median （P₂₅，P₇₅） age of onset was 29（12，40） years. A total of 716 eye swabs were collected for etiological detection from 2014 to 2022. HAdv positive detection rate was 36.45% （263/716）， Cox 24v positive detection rate was 0.28% （2/716）， while EV70 was not detected. The longest viral shedding time in eye swabs was 10 days， with a median of 2 days. The highest HAdv positive detection rate （47.47%） was observed when the sampling-to-onset interval was 4‒5 days， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）， with a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Multivariate logistic regressing analysis showed that aged 18‒ years， and average temperature higher than 24.90 ℃ 3 days before onset （P<0.05） were the risk factors for acute HAdv conjunctivitis. ConclusionAHC in Yantian District， Shenzhen City showed a low level of prevalence from 2014 to 2022， with HAdv being the predominant pathogen. The peak period of viral shedding occurred on the 4th to 5th day after symptom onset， suggesting the importance of adherence to strict home isolation for infected persons. Aged18‒ years and average temperature increased 3 days before onset are associated with an increased risk of adenoviral conjunctivitis. It is recommended to strengthen personal protection and keep doing a good job of AHC surveillance and early warning， so as to timely prevent the outbreaks of AHC.

Objective To study the regulation effects of Bazhen Decoction combined with Baizhu Fuzi Decoction on glucose metabolism and estrogen level in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome.Methods The rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome was established by subcutaneous injection of human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG)combined with insulin.Rats were randomly divided into the polycystic ovary syndrome group,the Baizhu Fuzi Tang group(6.4 g/kg),the Bazhen Tang group(9.2 g/kg),the Bazhen Tang combined with Baizhu Fuzi Tang group(11.55 g/kg)and the diethylstilbestrol group(0.5 mg/kg).A blank control group(unmodulated rats)was set up with 10 rats in each group.The uterine index of rats was determined and calculated.Fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 h postprandish blood glucose(2 h PBG)and fasting insulin(FINS)were determined and insulin sensitivity index(ISI)and insulin resistance index(IR)were calculated.Serum estradiol(E2),testosterone(T),luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),prolactin(PRL),anti-Mullerian tube hormone(AMH)and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1),C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,total peroxidase activity(T-AOC),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in ovarian tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The pathological changes of ovarian tissue were detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)was used to determine mRNA levels of ARA70,CBP,SCR1 and HOXA10 in endometrium and mRNA expressions of AMPK,GLUT4 and PPARγ in ovarian tissue.Western blot assay was used to determine expression levels of AMPK,GLUT4 and PPARγ in ovarian tissue.Results Compared with the polycystic ovary syndrome group,uterine index,FINS,FBG,2 h PBG,IR levels,serum T,LH,FSH,PRL,AMH,IGF-1 levels,ovarian tissue CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,T-AOC and MDA level,endometrial ARA70,CBP,SCR1 mRNA level of rats decreased significantly in the Baizhu Fuzi decoction group,the Bazhen decoction group and the Bazhen decoction combined with Baizhu Fuzi decoction group(P＜0.05).ISI level,serum E2 level,ovarian tissue SOD level,endometrial HOXA10 mRNA level,ovarian tissue AMPK,GLUT4 and PPARγ mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The above indexes were significantly changed in the Bazhen decoction and Bazhu Fuzi decoction group than those of the Bazhu Fuzi decoction group and the Bazhen decoction group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Bazhen Decoction combined with Baizhu Fuzi Decoction can regulate glucose metabolism,inhibit ovarian tissue oxidation and inflammatory damage,improve endometrium tolerance,regulate estrogen level,and improve the progression of polycystic ovary syndrome in rats.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of AMPK/GLUT4/PPARγ pathway.

Objective:To examine the clinical subtypes of patients with multisystem atrophy(MSA)that may indicate the prognosis of patients.Additionally, we aim to compare the ability to perform daily activities among patients of each subtype using cluster analysis.Methods:The retrospective analysis included demographic data, clinical symptoms and signs, scale scores, and ancillary examinations of 94 patients diagnosed with multisystem atrophy at Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University.The study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of each subtype obtained through clustering.Additionally, a comparison was made between patients with traditional motor subtypes and those with new subtypes in terms of activities of daily living.The study consisted of 94 MSA patients, with an average age of 61 years and a female representation of 51.1%.Using the data collected on the continuum, a full linkage hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to classify MSA patients into four clinical subtypes: gait disorder(17 cases, 18.1%), malignant tonic hyperkinetic with premature haircut(25 cases, 26.6%), intermediate(43 cases, 45.7%), and autonomic benign type(9 cases, 9.6%).Each subtype exhibited various clinical motor and non-motor symptoms, including UPDRS-Ⅲ( χ2=27.90, P<0.001), gait disturbance( χ2=33.23, P<0.001), MoCA( χ2=10.98, P=0.012), HAMA( χ2=12.14, P=0.007), HAMD( χ2=13.62, P=0.003), smell score( χ2=10.16, P=0.017), postural hypotension( χ2=14.59, P=0.028), and a statistically significant difference in the ability to perform daily living score( χ2=25.35, P<0.001).No statistically significant differences in non-motor symptoms and activities of daily living abilities were observed between the cerebellar and Parkinsonian types of traditional motor typing( P>0.05). Conclusions:The hierarchical clustering analysis conducted in this study reveals that the clinical phenotype of MSA provides a more accurate reflection of patients' clinical characteristics and their impact on quality of life compared to the traditional motor phenotype.Additionally, it may help predict variations in the underlying pathological impairment and the rate of disease progression.These findings offer a foundation for precise diagnostic interventions in patients with MSA.

Objective　To compare the changes in the genetic diversity of Anopheles minimus through the research on the population genetic characteristics of Anopheles minimus between different years in Nabang Town, Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province. Methods Anopheles mosquitoes were collected by light traps in Nabang Town, Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province in May 2014 and May 2021. After morphological identification, each mosquito was individually stored in separate tubes for further analysis. DNA of Anopheles minimus was extracted using kits. Microsatellite sequences in the template DNA were amplified using eight pairs of fluorescent primers, and the resulting products were subjected to capillary electrophoresis by a sequencing company. PopGen32 software was used to calculate the observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and Shannon's information index (I) for individual microsatellite loci and population groups. PIC-CALC software was used to calculate the polymorphic information content (PIC). Results A total of 158 mosquitoes belonging to 6 Anopheles species were captured in 2014, while 529 mosquitoes belonging to 5 Anopheles species were captured in 2021. The composition ratio of Anopheles minimus among the mosquito species differed significantly between 2014 and 2021 (χ2=70.48, P<0.01). For 8 microsatellite loci, a total of 85 alleles were detected, a range of 6-20 alleles per locus and an average of 10.625 alleles. Ne ranged from 1.717 to 7.797, with an average of 4.011. The highest PIC was found in the am4 locus, and the lowest in the am25 locus. For the population groups, 77 alleles were found in 2014, and 62 alleles were found in 2021. Ne ranged from 1.630 to 8.658, with an average of 4.147 in 2014. Ne ranged from 1.760 to 6.744, with an average of 3.698 in 2021. The average Ho was 0.641 in 2014 and 0.650 in 2021, while the average He was 0.699 in 2014 and 0.691 in 2021. The Shannon's index ranged from 0.774 to 2.493 in 2014, with an average of 1.579, and from 0.938 to 2.224 in 2021, with an average of 1.464. Na, Ne, I, and PIC were all higher in 2014 compared to 2021, with Na: 9.625>7.750, Ne: 4.147>3.698, I: 1.579>1.464, and PIC: 0.655>0.640, respectively. Conclusions The populations of Anopheles minimus in Nabang Town, Yingjiang County, exhibited high levels of polymorphism in both 2014 and 2021. However, the genetic diversity of the population in 2021 was lower than that in 2014.