Jiegeng decoction is a classic prescription composed of two Chinese medicinal herbs： Platycodon grandiflorum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. It has the efficacy of diffusing lung qi， resolving phlegm， relieving sore throat and discharging pus， and is commonly used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as cough and pharyngodynia. This article reviews the chemical components， pharmacological mechanisms and clinical applications of Jiegeng decoction. It was found that Jiegeng decoction contains triterpenoid saponins， flavonoids， glycosides， acids， and other components， with platycodin D， platycodin D2， glycyrrhizic acid， glycyrrhetinic acid， liquiritin， etc.， serving as the main active pharmaceutical ingredients. Jiegeng decoction and its chemical constituents exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB and mitogen- activated protein kinases， and demonstrate anti-tumor activities through mechanisms like modulating the tumor immune microenvironment and promoting cancer cell apoptosis. Additionally， it exhibits various pharmacological actions including antibacterial， antiviral， and antioxidant effects. Clinically， Jiegeng decoction， its modified prescription and compound combinations are widely used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as cough， pneumonia， and pharyngitis， as well as digestive system disorders like constipation.

Objective To optimize the optimal extraction process for phthalein and phenolic acid components in Angelicae Sinensis Radix-Chuanxiaong Rhizoma decoction pieces.Methods On the basis of a single factor experiment,central combination design-response surface methodology was adopted,and the extraction time,ethanol concentration,and ethanol dosage were used as influencing factors,and the total normalized values of the content of Senkyunolide I,Senkyunolide A and ligustilide,and extract yield were used as evaluation indicators to optimize the extraction process of phthalein components in Angelicae Sinensis Radix-Chuanxiaong Rhizoma decoction pieces;the total normalized values of chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid,ferulic acid,and extract yield were used as evaluation indicators to optimize the extraction process of phenolic acids components in Angelicae Sinensis Radix-Chuanxiaong Rhizoma decoction pieces.Results The optimal extraction process was to add 7 times the amount of 90%ethanol to the phthalein components,extract for 130 minutes each time,and extract twice;phenolic acid components were extracted twice with 7.5 times the amount of 65%ethanol for 120 minutes each time.Conclusion The optimized extraction process for phthalein and phenolic acids in Angelicae Sinensis Radix-Chuanxiaong Rhizoma decoction pieces is stable and feasible,which can provide a basis for subsequent research.

BACKGROUND:Polyetheretherketone is a special plastic polymer with good mechanical properties,biocompatibility,and chemical stability,which can be added with different fillers to form new composite materials and has potential clinical application value in post core repair. OBJECTIVE:To review the properties of polyetheretherketone and its composite materials,as well as the clinical application progress in post core repair. METHODS:CNKI database was searched using the Chinese search terms"polyetheretherketone,post core repair,metal post,fiber post,zirconia post".PubMed database was searched using English search terms"PEEK,polyetheretherketone post,post core repair,dental dowels".Search time ranged from January 2019 to October 2023.By reading literature titles,abstracts,and selecting the entire text,the inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to screen and finally include 71 articles for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Polyetheretherketone is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer.Experimental studies have proven that polyetheretherketone and its composites have advantages in mechanical properties,biocompatibility,aging resistance,chemical stability,adhesive properties,etc.,and have promising application prospects in the field of post core repair.The clinical application of polyetheretherketone and its composite materials as post core restorations is limited to anterior teeth and premolars,but they have achieved satisfactory restoration results.Polyetheretherketone and its composite materials are new materials in post core repair,and there are still many problems to be solved,such as whether the 3D printing equipment and printing process will affect the mechanical properties of the materials;short observation time for clinical repair effects,lack of long-term research validation.There is a lack of case reports on the use of polyetheretherketone and its composite materials as post and core materials for repairing molars,and further research is needed to continuously improve related studies.

Objective Based on the multi-software visual analysis of the literature on the effect of Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signaling pathway on rheumatoid arthritis in the past decade,the development trend and research hotspot in this field are summarized.To provide researchers with new directions and ideas to promote the innovative development of the field.Methods The literatures related to JAK/STAT signaling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2013 to 2023.CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to analyze the number of publications,countries,authors and keywords of 354 articles retrieved.Results The number of published papers in this field continues to increase.According to the author's research direction,the presentation of high-frequency words,and the attention to the preface and hot topics,it is suggested that this field focuses on gene expression,immune mechanism,inflammatory mechanism,pathway inhibitors,drug therapy,etc.Future research will focus on the safety,mechanism and controlled trials of pathway inhibitors and antirheumatic drugs.Conclusion The effect of JAK/STAT signaling pathway on rheumatoid arthritis has attracted much attention in the past,present and future.There are differences in the research of different teams in this field,and the regional development is unbalanced,suggesting that we should strengthen cooperation and exchanges,focus on the international frontier,and carry out more high-quality research to promote the development and progress of this field,and provide clinical basis.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To explore the intervention mechanism of Guizhi Fuling pills on breast cancer based on multi-data platform and bioinformation technology, and to verify the analysis results by cell test. METHODS The data set related to breast cancer was downloaded from GEO database to analyze the differential genes of breast cancer. The main active components and target genes of Guizhi Fuling pills were screened from TCMSP database. The key target genes of Guizhi Fuling pills in the treatment of breast cancer were mapped by the two groups of target genes. TCGA database was used to analyze the expression of key target genes in breast cancer. Through TIMER, CPTAC Data Portal, and Kaplan-Meier plotter, TISIDB, SangerBox and other data platforms, the relationships of the key genes expression and immune micro-environment, immune infiltration level, genomic heterogeneity, immune subtypes, molecular subtype, and poor prognosis were analyzed in breast cancer. KEGG pathway enrichment of key genes was performed searching for possible signaling pathways by Metascape analysis platform. Finally, CCK-8 assay, cell scratch assay, Transwell chamber assay and Western blotting technique were used to verify the results in vitro. RESULTS There were 42 active components and 185 targets in Guizhi Fuling pills, and 14 key targets related to the treatment of breast cancer were mapped with GEO database. Six key target genes for the treatment of breast cancer were obtained by comparison with breast cancer differential genes in TCGA. The expression of these 6 key genes was strongly correlated with the levels of 6 immune cells, 3 immune microenvironment scores, immune subtypes and molecular subtypes in breast cancer(P<0.05), also showed consistency in the correlation of genomic heterogeneity, and was closely associated with poor prognosis(P<0.05). KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these 6 genes were mainly enriched in PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Cell test showed that Guizhi Fuling pills could significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC1937 cells, and also reduce the relative expression of p-Akt/Akt and p-PI3K/PI3K proteins in HCC1937 cells in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Guizhi Fuling pills may interfere with breast cancer by blocking PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and regulating the tumor immune microenvironment.

Objective: To explore the effect of pulsatile lavage on wound healing in diabetic foot ulcer patients. Methods: The random number table method was used to divide 86 patients of diabetic foot ulcers into two groups with 43 patients in each group. The control group disinfected and cleaned the wound by routine methods, while the experimental group received closed pulse irrigation with sewage collection unit. The two groups were debridement, dressing selection and wound dressing in a unified way. The frequency of dressing change, time of dressing change, efficacy, cost of dressing changes, score of wound pain and wound healing were observed. Results: The frequency of dressing change, dressing change time, wound healing time and total effective rate of the experimental group were (10.42±1.92) times, (12.19±2.37) min, (32.53±6.91) d and 86.04% (37/43), respectively, while those of the control group were (19.47±3.13) times, (21.65±3.99) min, (43.17±13.72) d and 51.16% (22/43), with statistically significant differences (t values were 4.545-16.127, χ² value was 13.214, all P < 0.01). However, the cost of dressing change in the experimental group was (3 278.78±220.92) yuan, and that in the control group was (3 195.75±206.54) yuan. There was no significant difference between the two groups (t value was -1.814, P > 0.05). The pain scores were (1.47±1.09), (0.57±0.72), (0.06±0.23), (0.003±0.01) points in the experimental group at the 2nd week,the 4th week,the 6th week and the 8th week after intervention, and they were (3.83±1.16), (2.73±1.41), (1.92±1.06), (1.43±0.70) points respectively in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (F_time=390.663, F_intergroup=76.011, F_interaction=4.210, all P < 0.01). The wound healing rates were (49.34±9.34)%, (86.26±13.33)%, (95.01±8.56)%, (97.28±3.62)% respectively in the experimental group in the 2nd week,the 4th week,the 6th week and the 8th week after intervention,while in the control group they were (26.64±5.19)%, (50.37±10.53)%, (64.84±12.27)% and (72.04±12.96)%. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (F_time=354.487, F_intergroup= 921.230, F_interaction =23.154, all P < 0.01). Conclusions Pulsatile lavage can effectively clean the wound, reduce the frequency of dressing change, shorten the time of dressing change and wound healing, reduce the wound pain, improve the wound healing rate of diabetic foot ulcers, and did not increase the economic burden of patients, which was worthy of clinical application.

Objective:To explore the application value of 16-slice spiral CT multi-planar reconstruction(MPR), surface occlusion display and other image post-processing techniques in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer.Methods:From April 2017 to April 2019, a total of 98 patients with peripheral lung cancer admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University and the First People's Hospital of Jiashan County were selected.The detection rates of various signs of MPR, surface occlusion display and other image post-processing techniques in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer were analyzed and compared.Results:MPR in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer, the lobulated sign was 94.9%(93/98), the vascular bundle sign was 85.7%(84/98), the fine and short burr was 93.9%(92/98). The detection rate of vascular bundle sign and fine burr sign was higher than that of thin layer scan (χ 2=5.351, 5.023, 5.777, all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between MPR and thin-layer scan in vacuolar sign and pleural indentation (χ 2=1.356, 1.333, all P>0.05). The surface occlusion in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer, showed 90.8%(89/98) lobulated sign and 74.5%(73/98) pleural indentation.The detection rates of lobulated sign and pleural sag were higher than those of thin layer scanning (χ 2=5.450, 6.002, all P<0.05). The detection rate of vacuole sign by surface occlusion in peripheral lung cancer diagnosis was lower than that of thin layer scan ( χ 2=5.013, P<0.05). The surface occlusion had no statistically significant difference compared with thin layer scan in the detection rate of vascular bundle sign and thin and short burr sign in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer (χ 2=1.256, 1.302, all P>0.05). Conclusion:In the diagnosis of various signs of peripheral lung cancer, the detection rate of 16-slice spiral CT MPR technique is high and worthy of application.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the quality standard for Guibi zhitong liquor. METHODS:TLC was used for the qualita-tive identification of Radix angelicae,Notopterygium incisum,Radix aucklandiae and Magnolia officinalis in the preparation;HPLC was used for the contents determination of imperatorin and cinnamaldehyde:the column was Waters Symmetry Shield RP-C18 with mobile phase of methanol-water for imperatorin(60:40,V/V)and methanol-water for cinnamaldehyde(35:65,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,detection wavelength was 254 nm for imperatorin and 290 nm for cinnamaldehyde,column temperature was 25℃,and the injection volume was 20μL. RESULTS:The TLC spots of R. angelicae,N. incisum,R. aucklandiae and M. of-ficinalis were clear and well separated,negative control without interference. The linear range was 3.0-30.0 μg/mL for imperatorin (r=0.9998)and 3.978-39.78 μg/mL for cinnamaldehyde(r=0.9999);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0%;recoveries were 96.94%-102.64%(RSD=2.37%,n=6)and 96.78%-99.53%(RSD=1.00%,n=6). CONCLU-SIONS:The improved standard more effectively control the quality of the Guibi zhitong liquor.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic performance of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI)in distinguishing benign or malignant soft tissue tumor, and to study pathological observation. Methods: Sixty-eight patients with soft tissue tumor, who received no previous treatment or invasive examination, received routine preoperative MRI examination and SWI scanning. The graduation and distribution of intratumoral susceptibility signal intensity(ITSS) and proportion of tumor volume were observed.The pathological results were also included for comparative analysis. Results: Fourty of 68 patients were benign and 28 were malignant. 72.5% (29/40) patients with benign soft tissue tumors were ITSS grade 1 and ITSS grade 3 (hemangioma). 89.3%(25/28) patients with malignant soft tissue tumors were ITSS grade 2 and ITSS grade 3. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The distribution of ITSS in patients with benign soft tissue tumors was dominated by peripheral distribution and diffuse distribution (hemangioma), accounting for 90.0% (36/40). The distribution of ITSS in patients with malignant soft tissue tumors mainly distributed in the central region, accounting for 78.6% (22 /28). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The proportion of tumor volume occupied by ITSS in benign soft tissue tumors was <1/3 and> 2/3 (hemangioma), accounting for 90.0% (36/40). The volume of malignant soft tissue tumors were predominantly <1/3 , accounting for 82.1% (23/28). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion SWI is sensitive in displaying the vein and blood metabolites in soft tissue lesions, which is helpful for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors in soft tissue.

Objective To synthesize 11 C-methyldopamine (MDA) and to explore its feasibility as an agent for cardiac sympathetic nerve imaging.Methods 11 C-MDA was synthesized by direct N-methylation method and purified by semi-preparation reverse HPLC.Thirty Kunming mice were divided into five groups by random number table.The mice were respectively sacrificed at 2,5,10,20 and 30 min after injection of 7.4 MBq 11C-MDA.The lung,liver,spleen,kidney,stomach,intestine,brain,muscle,bone tissues and blood of mice were removed and weighed before radioactive γ-counting.The ％ID/g was calculated.Six Chinese mini-swine were divided into normal group (n=3) and inhibition group (n =3) for myocardial imaging.Mini-swine of inhibition group were injected with 10 mg/kg imipramine hydrochloride at 30 min before 11C-MDA (370 MBq) injection.The data were analyzed with SPSS 15.0 software.Results The synthesis of 11 C-MDA took 45 min with radiochemical yields of (20±3)％.The solution of11 C-MDA was colorless and the pH value was 6.5.The radiochemical purity was more than 98％ and the specific activity was 50 GBq/mmol.The myocardial uptake reached the peak value of (8.78± 1.18) ％ID/g at 2 min after injection of 11 C-MDA in mice.11C-MDA was mainly metabolized through liver and kidney.PET/CT imaging showed that 11 C-MDA was highly uptaken in swine myocardium and could be blocked by imipramine hydrochloride.Conclusions 11C-MDA can be synthesized by a simple and economic method.The high uptake rate of 11 C-MDA in the heart suggests it may be a potential agent for cardiac nerve imaging.