OBJECTIVE To know about the perception and current status of drug risk management among pharmacists in Chinese medical institutions， providing insights and recommendations for enhancing the drug risk management system in medical institutions. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted across 28 provinces， cities， and autonomous regions； stratified radom sampling was employed to study the population of medical workers and pharmaceutical professionals in medical institutions nationwide. The survey included information on the survey population， the current status of drug risk management implementation in medical institutions， the cognition， definition and process of drug risk management related concepts， and the content and mode of drug risk management work in medical institutions. Finally， suggestions were collected from various medical institutions on the system construction of drug risk management. Descriptive statistical analysis was adopted to summarize the obtained data. RESULTS A total of 446 questionnaires were collected in this survey， including 420 valid questionnaires and 26 invalid questionnaires. The questionnaire collection rate was 100%，and the effective rate was 94.17%. 51.19% of the respondents No.2020YFC2009001）。 based their understanding of drug risk management on Management Measures for Adverse Drug Reaction Reports and Monitoring， while 87.38% recognized the need for drug risk management throughout the drug use process. 63.33% of the participants stated that their medical institutions had dedicated positions related to drug risk management， with the highest proportion （72.17%） was in third-grade class A medical institutions. 66.43% reported implementing risk management across all drug use stages. Suggestions for the development of drug risk management systems in medical institutions by the research participants focused on enhancing guiding documents， clarifying concepts， establishing information-sharing mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The overall awareness of drug risk management in China’s medical institutions is high， with practices in place across various stages in multiple forms. However， there remains a need to strengthen institutional documents， management regulations， system development， and information-sharing mechanisms to improve collaborative governance， improve drug management levels， and ensure patient safety.

AIM: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab(IVR)and intravitreal injection of conbercept(IVC)in children with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 1 100 eyes with ROP treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF at our hospital from January 2015 to June 2023 were included. According to the different therapeutic drugs, the children were divided into two groups: IVR group and IVC group. According to the degree of ROP, the patients were divided into three groups: aggressive ROP(A-ROP), Zone Ⅰ type 1 ROP and Zone Ⅱ type 1 ROP. The reactivation and retreatment between the two groups were compared after propensity score matching(PSM)analysis, and they were followed-up for at least 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS: In Zone Ⅱ type 1 ROP, there was a statistically significant difference in the rates of reactivation and retreatment between the IVR and IVC groups(P<0.05); however, in A-ROP and Zone I type 1 ROP, there were no statistically significant differences in the rates of reactivation and retreatment between the two groups(P>0.05). The risk of reactivation and retreatment of Zone I type 1 ROP was higher than the Zone II type 1 ROP. Furthermore, the use of drugs and corrected gestational age of first treatment were influencing factors of lesion recurrence and retreatment.CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference in the initial cure effect between the two drugs in Zone II type 1 ROP, with the reactivation and retreatment rates of the IVC group being much lower than those of the IVR group.

Objective To investigate the role of miR-125b on hepatic angiogenesis,with the hope of providing new targets for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.Methods The human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells were transfected with miR-125b mimics and inhibitors,and the mRNA and protein expression of vascular endotheli-al growth factor(VEGF),cluster of differentiation antigens 31(CD31),von Willebrand factor(vWF),collagenⅣ,and laminin(LN)were detected by qRT-PCR and ELISA,and the expression of nitric oxide(NO)was detec-ted by fluorescent probe,scanning electron microscopy detected the alteration of the window holes on the surface of human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells,angiogenesis assay was performed to observe the neovascularization of each group,and dual luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to validate the targeting relationship between miR-125b and VEGF.Results qRT-PCR and ELISA showed that compared with the negative control group,the mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF,CD31,vWF,Collagen Ⅳ,and LN significantly decreased after miR-125b mimic transfection(P＜0.05),while the mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF,CD31,vWF,CollagenⅣ,and LN were significantly increased after transfection with miR-125 b mimics(P＜0.05);fluorescent probe detection showed that compared with the negative control group,the average fluorescence of intensity expression NO decreased significantly(P＜0.05),while the average fluorescence intensity expression of NO increased significant-ly after miR-125b inhibitor transfection(P＜0.05);the number of fenestrations on the surface of human liver sinu-soidal endothelial cells significantly increased after miR-125b mimic transfection(P＜0.05),while the number of fenestrations on the surface of human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells decreased significantly after miR-125 b inhibi-tor transfection(P＜0.05);angiogenesis assay showed that compared with the negative control group,the number of angiogenesis significantly decreased after miR-125b mimic transfection(P＜0.05),while the number of angio-genesis significantly increased after miR-125b inhibitor transfection(P＜0.05);dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that compared with negative control group,the expression of relative fluorescence intensity after transfection of miR-125b mimics in VEGF wild-typ significantly decreased(P＜0.05),while the expression of relative fluores-cence intensity after transfection of miR-125b mimics in VEGF mutant significantly decreased(P＞0.05).Con-clusion miR-125b can inhibit liver angiogenesis and thus play an anti-fibrosis role,which can provide a new ref-erence for the prevention and treatment of chronic liver disease and the development of new drugs.

Objective:To investigate the correlation of blood pressure variability within 24 h after thrombolysis with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and 90 d outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:Patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in the Department of Neurology, Jinshan Branch, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital from January 2017 to May 2019 were enrolled prospectively. The baseline data of the patients were collected. The patients were divided into sICH group and non-sICH group according to the changes of head CT and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score after thrombolysis. At 90 d after thrombolysis, the modified Rankin scale was used to evaluate the outcomes, and the patients were divided into a good outcome group (0-2) and a poor outcome group (3-6). The blood pressure within 24 h after thrombolysis was monitored and the parameters related to blood pressure variability in 5 time periods (0-2 h, 2-6 h, 6-12 h, 12-18 h, and 18-24 h) were calculated, including systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) maximum (max), minimum (min), maximum and minimum difference (max-min) and mean (mean). The differences between the adjacent blood pressures were calculated, the standard deviation (SD), successive variation (SV), rise successive variability (SVrise), drop successive variability (SVdrop), the maximum squared difference in blood pressure rise (SVrisemax), the maximum squared difference in blood pressure drop (SVdropmax) were calculated and recorded, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of various blood pressure variability parameters on sICH and the outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis. Results:A total of 112 patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis were included in the study. Their median age was 71 years (range, 38-92 years), 66 were males (58.9%); median baseline NIHSS score was 10. Seventeen patients (15.2%) developed hemorrhagic transformation, 10 of them (8.9%) were sICH. The 90-d follow-up showed that 73 patients (65.2%) had a good outcome, 39 (34.8%) had a poor outcome and 7 of them (6.3%) died. There were significant differences in hypertension ( P=0.029), ischemic heart disease ( P=0.012), total cholesterol ( P=0.033), baseline NIHSS score ( P=0.003) between the sICH group and the non-sICH group. There were significant differences in age ( P=0.025), gender ( P=0.005), atrial fibrillation ( P=0.003), etiologic classification of stroke ( P=0.003), baseline NIHSS score ( P<0.001) and sICH ( P=0.003) between the poor outcome group and the good outcome group. In addition, there were significant differences in multiple blood pressure variability parameters among the above groups (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that DBP SVdropmax, 6-12 h DBP SV, 12-18 h DBP SV, 6-12 h DBP SVdrop, 12-18 h DBP SVdrop were the independent risk factors for sICH after intravenous thrombolysis (all P<0.05); 2-6 h SBP SV, 2-6 h SBP SVrise, 2-6 h SBP SVdrop, 2-6 h DBP SV, 2-6 h DBP SVrise and 2-6 h DBP SVdrop were the independent risk factors for poor outcome after intravenous thrombolysis (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Early blood pressure and some blood pressure variability parameters are closely related to sICH and outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke. Closely monitoring of blood pressure and its variability can help clinical management and outcome prediction after intravenous thrombolysis.

Objective To explore the effects of perinatal infection on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed to analyzed the clinical data of 238 preterm infants at gestational age ≤32 weeks who were delivered in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from November 2014 to October 2015 and ROP screening examinations.Observation was not terminated until they were 45 weeks of corrected gestational age.Mild ROP was defined as having stage 1 or stage 2 ROP in zone Ⅱ or Ⅲ without additional disease,and severe ROP was defined as stage 3 or higher,any ROP in zone Ⅰ,prethreshold/threshold,with additional disease,and aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (AP-ROP).Medical records of eligible preterm infants were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.Occurrences of ROP,severe ROP,and clinically significant ROP requiring surgical treatment were assessed.Results The mean gestational age of the cohort was (30.10 ± 1.34) weeks (25.29-32.00 weeks) and the mean birth weight was (1 373 ± 272) g(720 ～2 330 g).ROP was diagnosed in 76 of 238 infants (31.9％),including 39 cases with mild ROP (16.4％) and 37 cases with severe ROP (15.5％).Surgical treatment was performed on 22 infants (9.2％).In the patients with ROP,the time to develop ROP from birth was (35.16 ± 14.26) d and the mean time of its most serious stage was (44.62 ± 18.99) d.In 22 patients with ROP who required surgical treatment,the time of surgical treatment was (50.27 ± 17.24) d.In univariate analysis,maternal perinatal infection disease was found to be associated with ROP occurrence (x2 =7.891,P =0.005) and ROP progression requiring surgical treatment (x2 =4.494,P =0.034).Small gestational age,low birth weight and long-term oxygen therapy were found to be asso ciated with ROP occurrence and severe ROP (gestational age:t =-5.803,P ＜ 0.001;t =-5.290,P ＜ 0.001;t =-4.150,P ＜ 0.001;birth weight:t =-4.942,P ＜ 0.001;t =-4.058,P ＜ 0.001;t =-3.126,P =0.002;the duration of oxygen therapy:t =2.351,P =0.020;t =2.473,P =0.018).Apgar scores ≤ 7 at 1 min and 5 min were found to be associated with severe ROP (x2 =4.803,P =0.028).Neonatal sepsis and neonatal fungal infection were found to be associated with ROP occurrence (x2 =6.071,P =0.014;x2 =4.070,P =0.044).Neonatal fungal infection was also found to be associated with severe ROP (x2 =5.479,P =0.019).Multivariate regression analysis indicated that maternal perinatal infection disease was associated with an increased risk of ROP and ROP progression requiring surgical treatment (OR =2.837,P =0.023;OR =4.087,P =0.012).Maternal preeclampsia was also associated with an increased risk of ROP (OR =2.506,P =0.040).Gestational age was an important risk factor for the development of ROP.The smaller the gestational age was,the higher the rate of occurring ROP and severe ROP (OR =0.518,0.508,0.520,all P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions Both fetal and neonatal exposure to infection appear to contribute to the increase of ROP risk in the preterm infants at gestational age ≤ 32 weeks.Maternal perinatal infection disease and maternal preeclampsia were independently associated with ROP occurrence and ROP progression in the preterm infants at gestational age ≤32 weeks.

Aim To study the growth inhibitory effect of the conjugate ( ovarian cancer specific targeting peptide and cisplatin, OSTP-DDP ) that targeting ovarian cancer cells A2780. Methods Using chemical method to syn-thesize OSTP-DDP, ovarian cancer cells A2780 were cul-tured in vitro, using CCK-8 method ( Cell Counting Kit-8) to detect the growth inhibitory effect of ovarian cancer A2780 cells, which were disposed by OSTP-DDP and DDP. Annexin V-FITC was used to detect the cycle and apoptosis effect of ovarian cancer A2780 cells which were disposed by OSTP-DDP and DDP. Results According to the mass spectrometry and the high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) analysis, OSTP-DDP was proved to synthesize successfully. CCK-8 assay showed that both OSTP-DDP and DDP could play the growth in-hibitory effect and showed a concentration-dependent manner when cells were treated in different concentrations (10,20,40,80,160,320μmol·L-1 ) respectively after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h. And the effect of OSTP-DDP was stronger than DDP (P<0. 05), indicated OSTP-DDP had targeted cytostatic effect. The result of the flow cytometry showed that cell cycle was mostly arrested in G1 phase after 72h treated by OSTP-DDP and DDP, the inhibitory effect of OSTP-DDP was stronger than DDP (P<0. 05). The apop-tosis effect of OSTP-DDP was stronger than DDP ( P <0. 01),suggested that OSTP-DDP had a stronger targeting apoptosis-inducing effect. Conclusion OSTP-DDP has the targeting growth inhibitory effect on the ovarian cancer cell A2780, OSTP as a chemotherapeutic drug targeting vector has a great prospect to treat ovarian cancer.

Risk management penetrate the entire process of medical device regulation, and it is also very necessary for medical devices in use. Based on the analyzing of the status of risk management for medical devices, this paper discusses the principal, participants and entry point of risk management for medical devices.
Device Approval ; Equipment Safety ; Equipment and Supplies ; Risk Management

Objective To analyse the changes in bilateral optic radiation and visual cortex in patients with primary glaucoma detected by magnetization transfer imaging ( MTI ),and try to explore the influence of the disease on posterior visual pathway.Methods MTI was performed in 20 patients with primary glaucoma with normal signal on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).The same scanning was performed in 31matched healthy controls.MTI was obtained using spoiled gradient recalled acquisition sequence (SPGR).Magnetization transfer ratio ( MTR ) of bilateral optic radiation and visual cortex was measured after post-processing.The MTR value differences of the same area between two groups were compared by independent-sample t test or Satterthwaite t test if variances were not equality.Result The MTR value in the left and right optic radiation were ( 32.8 ± 2.2 ) ％ and ( 32.7 ± 2.0 ) ％ in the glaucoma group,(34.6 ± 1.4 )％ and (34.8 ± 1.3 )％ in the control group.There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (left t =3.284,right t =4.040 ;P ＜ 0.01).The MTR value of the left and right visual cortex were ( 30.1± 2.0 ) ％ and ( 30.8 ± 1.8 ) ％ in the glaucoma goup,and (32.3 ± 1.2 )％ and (32.4 ± 1.2 )％ in the control group.Statistically significant difference was found between the two groups ( left t =4.319,right t =3.445 ;P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Potential neuropathology changes occurring in the posterior visual pathway of patients with glaucoma indicate that the whole visual pathway may be involved by glaucoma.The micro physiological changes can be detected by MTI which can not be found by conventional MRI.It is a useful method of studying trans-synaptic damage of visual pathway n vivo glaucoma which provides more information for guiding the clinic diagnosis,cure and prognosis of glaucoma.

Objective To study the relationship of interleukin-18 (IL-18)gene-137G/C polymorphisms in the promoter region with cerebral infarction(CI) and the effect of integrin gene polymorphisms on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) were used for the detection of integrin genotypes in 190 patients with CI and 210 healthy controls. The plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured by routine method. Results The distributions of IL-18 gene -137G/C polymorphism was significantly different between CI group and control group(P ＜0. 05＝ ,The relative risk suffered from CI of C allele was 1.624 times of the G allele (OR = 1.624,95% CI: 1.134 ～ 2.324), The level of plasma lipid C allele carriers was significantly higher than no carriers(P ＜0.05＝. Conclusion IL-18 gene-137G/C polymorphism was associated with CI, C allele may be genetic susceptibility gene for CI.

Objective To investigate MRI features of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor(DNT).Methods The MR images of ten cases with surgically and pathologically proved DNT were retrospectively reviewed.Results MR imaging showed cystic component with mural nodule in 6,mainly cystic component with septa in 3.The solid components of the tumors were long T_1 and long T_2 signal intensity,the cystic components were even longer T_1 and T_2 signal intensity which resembled the signal of cerebrospinal fluid.Mild enhancement could be found at the intra-tumoral solid nodule or septations after injection of constrast medium but the cystic component did not show any enhancement.No peri-tumoral edema and mass effect were found in most cases.Conclusion DNTs are of some special features on the MR images,the diagnosis can be exactly done before operation if MRI features in combination with clinical data of the patients.