Objective To investigate the features of non-motor symptoms and transcranial substantia nigra ultrasound in essential tremor （ET）. Methods General data were collected from 50 patients with ET and 50 healthy controls，and non-motor symptom scales and transcranial nigra sonography （TCS） were used for assessment. The t-test，the non-parametric test，and the chi-square test were used for comparison of general data，scale assessment results，and TCS findings between the two groups. Results There were significant differences between the ET group and the healthy control group in the total scores of NMSS，MoCA，HAMA，HAMD，PSQI，ESS，and FSS and the incidence rates of cognitive impairment，moderate or severe anxiety，poor sleep，and daytime sleepiness，while there were no significant differences in the incidence rates of moderate or severe depression and fatigue between the two groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of “hyperechoic area of the left side” “hyperechoic area of the right side” “hyperechoic area of both sides” “S/M value” “the number of cases with a hyperechoic area of >0.2 cm2 for at least one side” “the number of cases with an S/M ratio of >7%” and “the number of cases with positive TCS results”. Conclusion Compared with healthy controls，ET patients are more susceptible to cognitive impairment，anxiety，depression，poor sleep quality，daytime sleepiness，and fatigue，and the non-motor symptoms of ET should be taken seriously in clinical practice. TCS examination has a relatively low diagnostic value in ET patients and healthy individuals.

Objective To identify the current research hotspots of global health training, and construct a global health talent training evaluation index system. Methods Publications pertaining to global health talent training evaluation were retrieved in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and Web of Science Core Collection from 2003 to 2022, and keywords were extracted from eligible publications for co-occurrence and cluster analyses using the CiteSpace software. Based on keywords clustering results, a global health talent training evaluation index system was constructed using a context, input, process, and product (CIPP) evaluation model as a theoretical framework. Results A total of 692 Chinese publications and 1 264 English publications were included. Keyword co-occurrence and cluster analyses yielded 10 Chinese and 10 English keyword clusters, and the 10 Chinese keyword clusters included analytic hierarchy process, health diplomacy, personnel structure, crossdiscipline, educational assessment, global health discipline development, training needs, curriculum program, quality evaluation and logistics support, while the English keyword clusters included evidence-based practice, capacity building, global health, quality of life, machine learning, leadership, sub-Saharan Africa, health equity, global health security and global health diplomacy. Based on keyword clustering, a global health talent training evaluation index system was constructed with CIPP as the theoretical framework, which contained 4 primary indicators, 15 secondary indicators and 59 tertiary indicators, and the primary indicators included 4 dimensions of context evaluation, input evaluation, process evaluation and product evaluation. Conclusions A global health talent training evaluation index system has been constructed, which provides an effective evaluation tool and quantitative evidence for future global health talent training.

Objective:To construct and test the reliability and validity of an assessment scale for self-management of patients with dry eye, so as to help patients establish dry eye related health behaviors.Methods:Based on the knowledge attitude and practice theory, the initial scale was constructed on the basis of literature review and qualitative interview, and revised through Delphi expert consultation and expert argumentation. After the preliminary investigation, 211 dry eye patients treated in the dry eye nursing outpatient department of Beijing Tongren Hospital from August 2023 to January 2024 were selected by convenience sampling method for questionnaire investigation to test the reliability and validity of the scale.Results:Among 211 dry eye patients, there were 58 males and 153 females, aged (39.31 ± 12.81) years old. The scale of self-management of patients with dry eye included 27 items in 3 dimensions: knowledge, attitude and behavior. The authority coefficient of the two rounds of expert consultation was 0.86, and the Kendall coordination index increased from 0.175 to 0.223 (both P < 0.01). The cumulative variance contribution rates of the three dimensions were 41.843%, 54.219% and 44.273%, respectively. The Cronbach α coefficient of the scale was 0.787, and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.641. Conclusions:The scale of self-management of patients with dry eye has good reliability and validity and can be used in the assessment of dry eye patients to provide a reference basis for targeted guidance and intervention.

OBJECTIVE To standardize the English translations of the current Chinese patent medicine （CPM） instructions in order to increase its English translation quality and improve its readability. METHODS In an attempt to standardize its English translation， 64 CPM instructions were collected as samples for translation projects in Trados， using its two core functions of translation memory and terminology， combined with pre-editing （PRE） and post-editing （PE） skills. RESULTS The results showed that translation projects had up to 21.65% perfect match. Based on translation project practice， it is proposed to use the free translation or transcreation plus transliteration method to translate product names of CPM， and apply two human-computer interaction translation modes：“ machine translation （MT）+computer-assisted translation （CAT）+PE” and “PRE+MT+CAT+PE”， which are adopted in the translation of weak literary sections and strong literary sections， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The application of CAT not only improves the translation quality and the translation mode， reduces the translation cost， and maintains the consistency and style of the translation， but also accumulates language assets for future use， providing a novel reference for translating traditional Chinese medicine literature.

The many-banded krait, Bungarus multicinctus, has been recorded as the animal resource of JinQianBaiHuaShe in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Characterization of its venoms classified chief phyla of modern animal neurotoxins. However, the evolutionary origin and diversification of its neurotoxins as well as biosynthesis of its active compounds remain largely unknown due to the lack of its high-quality genome. Here, we present the 1.58 Gbp genome of B. multicinctus assembled into 18 chromosomes with contig/scaffold N50 of 7.53 Mbp/149.8 Mbp. Major bungarotoxin-coding genes were clustered within genome by family and found to be associated with ancient local duplications. The truncation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor in the 3'-terminal of a LY6E paralog released modern three-finger toxins (3FTxs) from membrane tethering before the Colubroidea divergence. Subsequent expansion and mutations diversified and recruited these 3FTxs. After the cobra/krait divergence, the modern unit-B of β-bungarotoxin emerged with an extra cysteine residue. A subsequent point substitution in unit-A enabled the β-bungarotoxin covalent linkage. The B. multicinctus gene expression, chromatin topological organization, and histone modification characteristics were featured by transcriptome, proteome, chromatin conformation capture sequencing, and ChIP-seq. The results highlighted that venom production was under a sophisticated regulation. Our findings provide new insights into snake neurotoxin research, meanwhile will facilitate antivenom development, toxin-driven drug discovery and the quality control of JinQianBaiHuaShe.

Body image is a common concept in the field of psychology and an important indicator for evaluating the quality of life of patients after bariatric and metabolic surgery. This paper reviews the concept of body image, the measurement tools, influencing factors and the intervention of the body image after bariatric and metabolic surgery, so as to provide a reference for domestic research on the body image of patients after bariatric and metabolic surgery.

Motabolic bariatric surgery is a fast and effective method for the treatment of obesity and obesity-associated diseases. In order to maintain weight loss and prevent complications, self-management of bariatric and metabolic surgery patients undergoing metabolic bariatric surgery is very important. This paper summarizes the research status, assessment tools and influencing factors of self-management of patients undergoing metabolic bariatric surgery. This paper also puts forward the problems to be solved in current research and practice, aiming to provide a reference for future research and improving the self-management ability of patients undergoing metabolic bariatric surgery.

Objective:To evaluate and summarize the best evidence for exercise scheme after bariatric and metabolic surgery in obese patients at home and abroad.Methods:We used "obesity" " bariatric and metabolic surgery" "sleeve gastrectomy" "gastric bypass surgery" "banding surgery" "exercise" "physical activity" "exercise therapy" "guideline" "expert consensus" "systematic review" "Meta-analysis" and "evidence summary" as keywords, and searched databases such as UpToDate, Cochrane Library, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , Wanfang Data, and the guide network and professional association platforms by computer. Literature retrieved included guidelines, expert consensus, best clinical practice, clinical decision-making, systematic reviews, and the search time limit was from the database establishment to July 18, 2020. Two researchers evaluated the quality of literature and extracted evidence, and the evidence was revised and perfected through expert consultation.Results:A total of 4 systematic reviews and Meta-analysis articles, 2 clinical decision-making articles, 4 guidelines, and 1 expert consensus were included. The evidence was collected from 7 aspects, namely the importance of exercise, pre-exercise evaluation, exercise style, exercise intensity and duration, exercise safety, exercise follow-up, exercise effect evaluation, and finally 33 best evidences were summed up.Conclusions:Evidence of exercise scheme after bariatric and metabolic surgery in obese patients is comprehensive. Medical institutions and clinical medical and nursing staff can combine the institutional environment to transform and apply the evidence.

Bombyx mori is a lepidopteran insect with important economic value. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) causes huge economic loss to silkworm industry in China every year. The objective of this study is to determine the anti-BmNPV mechanism of Bombyx mori strain NC99R, and to provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of the silkworm resistance strain. The normal control Dazao (DZ) strain and the NC99R resistant strain were fed with occlusion bodies (OB). The median lethal dose (LD50) analysis of the DZ and NC99R showed that the LD50 of DZ was 1.2×10⁵ OBs/larva, while NC99R was 1.8×10⁶ OBs/larva. The LD50 of the NC99R was about 15 times higher than the DZ. The mortality of DZ and NC99R were analyzed, which were fed with 1×10⁶ OBs/larva and injection with 1×10⁶ BVs/larva. The results showed that the death peak of DZ was concentrated in the 4th to 6th day. And the death peak of NC99R was concentrated in the 6th to 8th day, with a delay of 1-2 days compared with the control. The BmNPV DNA copy number showed that the BmNPV genome in DZ proliferated rapidly. The copy number of BmNPV DNA in NC99R were increased slowly after oral infection and body injection. HE staining showed that midgut tissue has no significant difference between DZ and NC99R in the early stage of oral infection. At 96 h p.i., the nucleus of DZ midgut became larger and shedding. The NC99R had enlarged nuclei, but the cells were still arranged neatly. Finally, the expression of virus genes in different periods were analyzed by RT-PCR. The results indicated that the immediate early gene ie-1 expression levels began to down-regulate after 24 h p.i.. The early, late, and extremely late genes were also down-regulated, and finally maintained at a lower expression level.

Objective:To deeply understand the causes of poor compliance with out-of-hospital disease self-management behaviors in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremities, and provide a scientific basis for targeted interventions.Methods:Totally 14 patients who were diagnosed with DVT of the lower extremities, self-managed for 6 months outside the hospital and showed poor compliance in a ClassⅢ Grade A hospital in Beijing from August 2018 to April 2019 were selected for semi-structured interviews using phenomenological methods. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's 7-step analysis.Results:The two themes of medical behavior management and health behavior management were refined; the causes of poor compliance were: lack of knowledge on systematic prevention and treatment of thrombosis, poor communication between doctors and patients and weak family and social support.Conclusions:The out-of-hospital disease self-management of patients with DVT of the lower extremities is poor. Doctors and nurses should strengthen health education from systematic knowledge of thrombosis treatment, enhance communication between doctors and patients, strengthen family social support, implement re-examination and non-compliance behavior supervision, and improve self-management behavior compliance outside the hospital.