BACKGROUND:There is still no consensus on the optimal internal fixation for the treatment of Pauwels Ⅲ femoral neck fracture,and most of the related finite element analyses have been performed using a single simplified loading condition,and the biomechanical properties of commonly used internal fixation devices need to be further investigated. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the biomechanical characteristics of Pauwels Ⅲ femoral neck fractures treated with cannulated compression screw,dynamic hip screw,and femoral neck system by finite element method under different loading conditions of single-leg standing loads and sideways fall loads. METHODS:The DICOM data of healthy adult femur were obtained by CT scanning,imported into Mimics 15.0 software to obtain the rough model of bone tissue.The data exported from Mimics were optimized by Geomagics software,and then three internal fixation models were built and assembled with the femur model according to the parameters of the clinical application of the cannulated compression screw,dynamic hip screw,and femoral neck system by using Pro/E software.Finally,the three internal fixation models were imported into Ansys software for loading and calculation to analyze the stress distribution and displacement of the femur and the internal fixation under different working conditions of single-leg standing loads and sideways fall loads,as well as the stress characteristics of the calcar femorale and Ward's triangle. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Under the single-leg standing load and the sideways fall load,the proximal femoral stress of the three internal fixation models was mainly distributed above the fracture end of the femoral neck.The peak stress of the proximal femoral end,fracture end,Ward triangle,and calcar femorale of the three internal fixation models were the smallest in the femoral neck system model and the largest in the cannulated compression screw model.(2)Under the single-leg standing load and the sideways fall load,the peak displacement of the proximal femur of the three internal fixation models was all located at the top of the femoral head,and the peak displacement was the smallest in the femoral neck system model and the largest in the cannulated compression screw model.(3)The peak displacement of the three internal fixation models was all located at the top of the internal fixation device under the single-leg standing and sideways fall loading conditions,and the peak displacement values were the smallest in the femoral neck system internal fixation model and the largest in the cannulated compression screw internal fixation model.(4)The internal fixation stress of the three internal fixation models was mainly distributed in the area near the fracture end of the internal fixation device under the single-leg standing and sideways fall loads,and the peak value of internal fixation stress was the smallest in the femoral neck system model and the largest in the cannulated compression screw model.(5)These results suggest that the mechanical stability of the femoral neck system is the best,but there may be a risk of stress shielding of the fracture end and calcar femorale.The stress of the internal fixation device of the femoral neck system is more dispersed,and the risk of internal fixation break is lower.

Objective:To describe the distribution of fat-free mass (FFM) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) in children aged 3-17 years in China.Methods:Data were collected from National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey in 0-18 years old children in China. By using multi-stage stratified randomized cluster sampling method, the project was conducted in 28 survey points in urban and rural areas in 14 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in 7 regions in China from 2019 to 2021. FFM was measured using bioelectrical impedance meter. Finally, the body composition data of 70 853 children were included in the analysis. M ( Q1, Q3) was used to describe the gender and age specific FFM and FFMI of the children in different regions. Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test was used to compare FFM and FFMI of boys and girls in same age group, boys in different age groups, girls in different age groups, as well as boys in same age group and girls in same age group in different regions. DSCF method was used for pairwise comparisons. Results:After the age of 11 years, the difference of FFMI between boys and girls increased year by year. The FFMI was 14.2 kg/m 2 in boys and 13.8 kg/m 2 in girls at 11 years old, the difference was significant ( χ2=135.86, P<0.001). The difference of FFMI between boys and girls exceed 1.0 kg/m 2 from 12 years old, and FFMI was 15.3 kg/m 2 in boys and 14.2 kg/m 2 in girls at 12 year old, the difference was significant ( χ2=597.27, P<0.001). The FFMI was 17.5 kg/m 2 in boys and 14.7 kg/m 2 in girls at 16 years old, the difference was significant ( χ2=2 543.60, P<0.001). The FFMI was higher in boys in northeast China, while the FFMI was lower in both boys and girls in northwest China. Conclusions:Gender specific difference was observed in the increase of FFMI with age. The FFMI was significantly higher in boys than in girls after 11 years old. It is necessary to pay attention to the problem of FFM in children in northeastern and northwestern China.

Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics of body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) in children aged 3-17 years in China.Methods:Data were obtained from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey in 0-18 years old children in China. The study selected 70 853 children aged 3-17 years from 28 urban and rural survey sites in 14 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in 7 regions of China with multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. M ( Q1, Q3) was used to describe the region, age and gender specific body height, body weight and BMI in the children aged 3-17 years. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the body height, body weight, and BMI between boys and girls in same age group. Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test was used to compare the body height, body weight and BMI among boys in different age groups and among girls in different age groups, as well as among boys in same age group and among girls in same age group from different regions, and DSCF method was used for further pairwise comparisons. Results:In this study, the median body height and body weight were 172.0 cm and 62.9 kg in 17-year-old boys and 160.0 cm and 53.7 kg in 17-year-old girls. The median for children's body height, body weight, and BMI in most age groups were higher in northeastern and northern China than in southern China, and the differences could be observed until age 17 years. The differences in body weight and BMI in children in northeastern and northern China were greater in Q3 than in Q1 compared with southern China. Conclusions:The body height of children aged 3-17 years continues to increase in China. Northeastern and northern China have more children with higher bodyweight, showing an obvious body weight increase trend, to which close attention needs to be paid.

Objective:To describe the distribution of fat mass (FM), fat mass percentage (FMP), and fat mass index (FMI) in children aged 3-17 years in China.Methods:Data of this study were from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey in 0-18 years old children in China. A total of 70 853 children aged 3-17 years old selected from seven regions of China were included in this analysis. Body composition were measured by using bioelectrical impedance meter. The region, gender and age specific FM, FMP and FMI of the subjects were described by using M ( Q1, Q3). Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test was used for the comparison of intergroup differences. DSCF method was used for pairwise comparisons. Results:The medians of FM, FMP and FMI were 3.0 kg, 18.3% and 2.9 kg/m 2 in boys aged 3 years and 2.9 kg, 19.0% and 2.9 kg/m 2 in girls aged 3 years, respectively. The FM increased with age and the FMP and FMI decreased with age in both boys and girls aged 3-5 years. After 11 years old, the FM, FMP and FMI decreased first and then increased in boys. From 6-17 years old, the FM, FMP and FMI increased gradually in girls. The FM, FMP and FMI were higher in girls than in boys after 12 years old (all P<0.05). The FM, FMP and FMI were relatively higher in children at the age of 6-14 in northeastern and northern China than in other regions. Conclusions:The age specific FM, FMP and FMI had different changing characteristics in boys and girls aged 3-17 years in seven regions of China. The FM, FMP and FMI also differed with region.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and fat mass percentage (FMP) in children aged 3-17 years in China.Methods:The BMI and FMP data of children aged 3-17 years from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey in 0-18 years old children in China was analyzed. BMI- Z score/BMI and FMP were used to classify the subjects, respectively. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between BMI and FMP. The consistency between BMI- Z score/BMI and FMP in classifying the subjects was measured using Kappa coefficient. Results:The FMP of malnutrition, normal and overweight/obesity in boys was higher in age group 10-13-year than in other age groups (all P<0.001). The FMP of all nutritional status in girls increased with age (all P<0.05). The BMI of boys in all the FMP levels increased with age (all P<0.05). When the FMP of girls was 25%- or ≥30%, BMI increased with age (all P<0.001). The relationship between BMI and FMP was strong ( r=0.705, P<0.001), with r of 0.618 in boys and 0.884 in girls. The consistency between BMI- Z score/BMI and FMP in classifying the subjects was found to be moderate (Kappa=0.574, P<0.001). Conclusions:There was a strong relationship between BMI and FMP. The consistency between BMI- Z score/BMI and FMP in classifying the subjects was moderate.

Objective:To evaluate the consistency between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the measurement of body composition in children aged 6-17 years in China.Methods:Fat-free mass, fat mass and fat mass percentage were measured by both BIA and DXA in 1 161 children. t-test or Wilcoxon paired test was used to evaluate the different outcome of the two methods. The correlation and consistency between the methods were evaluated by Spearman correlation coefficients ( r) and Bland-Altman analysis. Results:Body compositions measured by BIA was positively correlated with those measured by DXA (fat mass r=0.95, fat-free mass r=0.98, fat mass percentage r=0.86, all P<0.05). Comparing with DXA, BIA underestimate children's fat mass [the mean difference is -3.15 kg, and the SD is 2.35 kg, 95% limits of agreement (LoA): -7.74-1.45 kg] and fat mass percentage (the mean difference is -8.45%, and the SD is 4.63%, 95% LoA: -17.53%-0.64%). Conclusions:Body compositions measured by BIA was highly positively correlated with those measured by DXA. BIA has certain application value in the measurement of body fat mass and fat-free mass of children aged 6-17 years.

Objective To explore the lipid-lowering effect of Qige Decoction before and after compatibility through the combination of pharmacodynamics and liver metabolomics,and to provide new research strategies for exploring the scientific notation of traditional Chinese medicine compatibility.Methods According to the pharmacodynamic strategy,three groups of drug administration were set up as Qige Decoction group,Astragali Radix-Puerariae Radix group,and Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae group.Four indices of blood lipids,serum biochemical indicators,and liver morphology and pathology were used to evaluate the intervention effect of Qige Decoction on hyperlipidemic rats.Liver metabolomics technology was used to analyze the effects of Qige Decoction on metabolites before and after compatibility,and multivariate statistical analysis was used to evaluate the differences between groups in terms of differential metabolites and metabolic pathways.Results Compared with the model group,the callback abilities of four indices of blood lipid in the Qige Decoction group were higher than those in Astragali Radix-Puerariae Radix group and Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae group,among which the total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG)levels in the Qige Decoction group decreased(P＜0.05).A total of 86 potential biomarkers were identified by liver metabolomics,with 23,13,and 7 metabolites being significantly different in the Qige Decoction group,Astragali Radix-Puerariae Radix group,and Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae group,respectively(P＜0.05).Metabolic pathway analysis of 29 specific biomarkers with significant callback effects showed that they were related to glycerophospholipid metabolism,linoleic acid metabolism,α-linolenic acid metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,arachidonic acid metabolism,and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.Qige Decoction mainly regulates glycerophospholipid and linoleic acid metabolism,and uniquely acts on sphingolipid metabolism.Conclusion Qige Decoction has more lipid-lowering targets after compatibility,with better lipid-lowering effects than the Astragali Radix-Puerariae Radix group and Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae group.This study provides experimental evidence and research strategies for further revealing the scientific notation of traditional Chinese medicine compatibility.

Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) significantly increase the risk of gastric cancer. Blocking the development of CAG and GIM would help to decrease the incidence of gastric cancer. It was revealed that eradication of Helicobacter pylori could reverse gastric mucosa atrophy. Recent studies reported that GIM could be reversed to a certain extent. Clinical studies demonstrated that Lamb′s tripe extract and vitamin B12 capsule exhibited significant reversal effects on GIM. The present study systemically reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of CAG and clinical application of Lamb′s tripe extract and vitamin B12 capsule, and established the specialist instruction that would guide the reversal treatment of CAG and GIM.

Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) significantly increase the risk of gastric cancer. Blocking the development of CAG and GIM would help to decrease the incidence of gastric cancer. It was revealed that eradication of Helicobacter pylori could reverse gastric mucosa atrophy. Recent studies reported that GIM could also be reversed to a certain extent. Clinical studies demonstrated that Lamb’s tripe extract and vitamin B12 capsule exhibited significant reversal effect on GIM. The present study systemically reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of CAG and clinical application of Lamb’s tripe extract and vitamin B12 capsule, and established the specialist instruction that would guide the reversal treatment of CAG and GIM.

Objective:To explore the effect of self-learning ability and critical thinking ability in nursing students under mobile teaching mode based on portable classroom platform.Method:s Two classes of batch 2015 from nursing college were randomly selected and divided into control group ( n=58) and experimental group ( n=61). The control group adopted conventional teaching mode, while the experimental group used the same mode in addition to mobile teaching mode based on portable classroom platform. Self-learning ability questionnaire and critical thinking ability scale in Chinese were used to evaluate the teaching effect, and t test was performed to analyze the data using SPSS 19.0. Result:s After intervention, scores of different items and the total scores in the self-learning ability scale in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, with statistical significance ( P<0.05); scores of different items and the total scores in the critical thinking ability questionnaire in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Mobile teaching mode based on portable classroom platform can improve the self-learning ability and critical thinking ability of nursing students.