Isogenic cells growing in identical environments show cell-to-cell variations because of the stochasticity in gene expression. High levels of variation or noise can disrupt robust gene expression and result in tremendous consequences for cell behaviors. In this work, we showed evidence from single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis that microRNAs (miRNAs) can reduce gene expression noise at the mRNA level in mouse cells. We identified that the miRNA expression level, number of targets, target pool abundance, and miRNA-target interaction strength are the key features contributing to noise repression. miRNAs tend to work together in cooperative subnetworks to repress target noise synergistically in a cell type-specific manner. By building a physical model of post-transcriptional regulation and observing in synthetic gene circuits, we demonstrated that accelerated degradation with elevated transcriptional activation of the miRNA target provides resistance to extrinsic fluctuations. Together, through the integrated analysis of single-cell RNA and miRNA expression profiles, we demonstrated that miRNAs are important post-transcriptional regulators for reducing gene expression noise and conferring robustness to biological processes.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, treatment and the short-term prognosis of 31 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infection in children from six provinces (autonomous region) in northern China. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, signs, laboratory examinations, chest imaging, treatment and the short-term prognosis of 31 cases of 2019-nCoV was conducted. The patients were diagnosed between January 25th, 2020 and February 21st, 2020 in 21 hospitals in 17 cities of six provinces(autonomous region) of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Hebei, Henan and Shandong. Results: The age of the 31 children with 2019-nCoV infection was 7 years and 1 month (6 months -17 years). Nine cases (29%) were imported cases. Other 21 cases (68%) had contact with confirmed infected adults. One case (3%) had contact with asymptomatic returnees from Wuhan. Among the 31 children, 28 patients (90%) were family cluster cases. The clinical types were asymptomatic type in 4 cases (13%), mild type in 13 cases (42%), and common type in 14 cases (45%). No severe or critical type existed. The most common symptom was fever (n=20, 65%), including 1 case of high fever, 9 cases of moderate fever, 10 cases of low fever. Fever lasted from 1 day to 9 days. The fever of fifteen cases lasted for ≤3 d, while in other 5 cases lasted > 3 d. Other symptoms included cough (n=14, 45%), fatigue (n=3, 10%) and diarrhea (n=3, 9%). Pharyngalgia, runny nose, dizziness, headache and vomiting were rare. In the early stage, the total leukocytes count in peripheral blood decreased in 2 cases (6%), the lymphocytes count decreased in 2 cases (6%), and the platelet count increased in 2 cases (6%).Elevation of C-reactive protein (10%, 3/30), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(19%,4/21), procalcitonin(4%,1/28), liver enzyme(22%, 6/27) and muscle enzyme (15%, 4/27) occurred in different proportions. Renal function and blood glucose were normal. There were abnormal chest CT changes in 14 cases, including 9 cases with patchy ground glass opacities and nodules, mostly located in the lower lobe of both lungs near the pleural area. After receiving supportive treatment, the viral nucleic acid turned negative in 25 cases within 7-23 days. Among them, 24 children (77%) recovered and were discharged from hospital. No death occurred. Conclusions In this case series, 2019-nCoV infections in children from six provinces (autonomous region) in northern China are mainly caused by close family contact. Clinical types are asymptomatic, mild and common types. Clinical manifestations and laboratory examination results are nonspecific. Close contact history of epidemiology, nucleic acid detection and chest imaging are important bases for diagnosis. After general treatment, the short-term prognosis is good.

To understand the development of medical social work in China, and provide reference and basis for promoting medical social work in the next stage.
 Methods: A random sampling method was used to survey and analyze the data from questionnaires distributed to hospitals at or above the second level in China.
 Results: Medical social work had been carried out in all parts of the country, but the development was not balanced with the establishment of specialized agencies accounting for about 7.9% of the total survey. Only 17.5% of the hospitals carried out medical social work as a routine work. The medical social work service mainly included volunteer operation and management, patient psychological counseling, and so on.
 Conclusion: The development of medical social work in hospitals in China is still in its infancy, and the regional development is not balanced. Lack of professionals, unclear responsibilities of medical social workers and low social identity of medical social work are the main factors restricting development.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Social Work ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To determine the clinical features and the factors affecting the recurrence of ovarian borderline epithelial tumors. Methods A retrospective data of 112 cases with ovarian borderline epithelial tumors admitted in General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from 2000 to 2015 were analyzed. Results The average age was (50.59±16.90) years in 112 patients with FIGO stageⅠof 102 (91.07%) patients, stageⅡof 4 (3.57%) and stageⅢof 6 (5.36%). The serum tumor marker (CA125) was examined in 102 patients, and 27 cases with the elevated indicator (26.47%). Surgical treatment was performed in 112 patients. Younger patients were more likely to choose conservative surgery. Ninety-seven patients were followed up, and 5 of them relapsed. Non fertility preserving surgery was performed in patients with recurrence. The recurrence rates of patients with different clinical pathological factors were compared. The recurrence rate was higher in patients with micro infiltration than that of patients without micro infiltration [37.50%(3/8) vs. 2.25%(2/89), P=0.004]. And the recurrence rate was higher in patients with microemulsion type borderline serous tumor than that of patients with non-papillary tumors [40.00%(2/5)vs. 0(0/41),P=0.019]. Seven patients underwent conservative surgery had normal spontaneous pregnancy. Conclusion The fertility-sparing surgery can be used as the treatment procedures for young patients, which is safe and effective. It is necessary to be on alert of recurrence for the cases with micropapillary pattern, and microinvasive tumor.

Aorta ; abnormalities ; Child ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; diagnosis ; Heart Ventricles ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Male

[Objective] To sum up the clinical efficiency of Qianyang Fengsui Pil (suppress Yang and seal marrow)Pil (hereafter cal ed Pil ). [Method] By introducing medicine composition, functions and indications, it enumerates 3 cases to analyze the clinical application of the Pil . [Result] The Pil is the mostly recommended by vulcans, with function of inducing Qi to kidney and fire to the root.[Conclusion] The Pil has good clinical cure effect on the diseases of fire not returning to the origin and deficient Yang come-up, worth wide application.

Objective To investigate the effect of Bushen-Tongmai decoction on plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ) in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods A total of 100 patients with chronic heart failure from January 2011 to December 2013 were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group, with 50 patients in each group. The patients in the control and treatment groups received conventional treatment and Bushen-Tongmai decoction plus conventional treatment for 8 weeks, respectively. Laboratory measurements including PRA, BNP and AngⅡwere performed before and after treatment.Cardiac function was measured before and after treatment with echocardiography. Results The PRA , plasma levels of BNP and AngⅡ after treatment in the treatment group were significantly decreased than before treatment (treatment group:t=2.990, 4.030, 4.401, all P<0.01);after treatment, there was significant difference in PRA, BNP and AngⅡbetween the treatment group and the control group(t=2.622, 2.863, 3.809, all P<0.05). Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiography in both groups were significantly improved (treatment group:t=9.167, 11.030, 13.273, all P<0.01;control group:t=5.189, 7.626, 6.906, all P<0.01). Improvements of LVESD, LVEDD and LVEF in the treatment group were grater than those in the control group (t=4.037, 2.701, 7.458, all P<0.01). Conclusion Bushen-Tongmai decoction can effectively decrease PRA , plasma levels of BNP, AngⅡ, and improve cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure.

Medical education of PhD candidates is of great importance to medical personnel training in our country. With the development of society, the progress of science and technology and renewal of knowledge, cultivation of innovative talents and improvement of graduate education quality is priority nowadays. This paper reflects on the progress we’ve made on medical education of PhD candidates. Though efforts have been made to improve the innovative ability of talents in our country gradually, we still need to be more innovative, more consistent and more scientific in the future. According to the state Degree Requirements and our goal of talent training, we should combine courses with scientific research systematically, pay more attention to scientific methodology and academic training, finally form a better training mode of PhD candidates majoring in medical science.

Objective To investigate and compare the clinical values of routine electrocardiogram and dynamic electrocardiogram in arrhythmia in coronary heart disease diagnosis.Methods 73 patients with coronary heart disease were collected and monitored by routine electrocardiogram and dynamic electrocardiogram,and two groups were e stablished including control group using routine electrocardiogram and observation group using dynamic electrocardiogram.The positive diagnosis rate and the specific diagnosis diresults of arrhythmia in coronary heart disease of both groups were compared.Results The positive diagnosis rate of arrhythmia in coronary heart disease of observation group(75.3％ ) was significantly higher than that of control group(54.8％ ) ( x2 =6.78,P ＜0.05).And the positive diagnosis rate of the observation group was also significantly higher than that of the control group in ventricular premature beats two,triple law,pairs of premature ventricular contractions,atrial premature beats two,triple law,atrial premature beats in pairs,atrioventricular block and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia( all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Compared with routine electrocardiogram,the dynamic electrocardiogram in anrnythmia in coronary heart disease diagnosis could obtain higher positive diagnosis rate,and it is worthy of clinical application.

Obesity,hypertension,and diabetes mellitus are main risk factors of endometrial cancer.The basis of metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin resistance may contribute to an increased risk for endometrial cancer according to worldwide researches.