Objective:To explore the characteristics of renal oxidative stress injuries in rats with high-voltage electric burns and the intervention effects of breviscapine.Methods:This study was an experimental study. One hundred and sixty 8-10-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into sham injury group, electric burn group, saline group, low breviscapine group, middle breviscapine group, and high breviscapine group, with 60 rats in each of the sham injury group and electric burn group, 10 rats in each of the other 4 groups, respectively. The rats in sham injury group and electric burn group were divided into 10 rats at each time point, including post injury hour (PIH) 0 (immediately), 8, 24, 48, and 72, and post injury week (PIW) 1. The rats in sham injury group were not conducted with electrical current to cause sham injury. The rats in the other 5 groups were caused high-voltage electric burns. The rats in sham injury group and electric burn group were not treated after injury. The rats in saline group, low breviscapine group, middle breviscapine group, and high breviscapine group were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mL/kg normal saline or 0.4, 1.6, and 4.0 g/L breviscapine, repeated every 24 h until PIH 72. After the model was successfully made, 14 rats died, including 1, 2, 2, and 1 rat (s) at PIH 24, 48, and 72 and PIW 1 in electric burn group, 4, 1, 2, and 1 rat (s) at PIH 72 in saline group, low breviscapine group, middle breviscapine group, and high breviscapine group, respectively. The kidney tissue collected from rats in the 6 groups was weighed and the kidney/body weight ratio was calculated. The left upper pole tissue of kidney was collected from each 4 rats in sham injury group, and in electric burn group at PIH 8, 24, 48, and 72 and PIW 1, and in saline group, low breviscapine group, middle breviscapine group, and high breviscapine group at PIH 72. The renal tubular and renal interstitial injury was evaluated by a semi-quantitative histological scoring system after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The inferior vena cava blood samples were collected from rats in the 6 groups to measure the serum creatinine levels via sarcosine oxidase method, and serum urea nitrogen levels via urease method. The right renal cortices were collected from rats in the 6 groups to measure the catalase (CAT) activity in the supernatant of renal tissue via molybdic acid method, and the levels of advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) and Klotho protein in the supernatant of renal tissue via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:At PIH 8, 48, and 72 and PIW 1, the kidney/body weight ratios of rats in electric burn group were significantly higher than those in sham injury group (with t values of -0.52, -3.75, -4.05, and -2.25, respectively, P<0.05). At PIH 72, compared with those in electric burn group, saline group, low breviscapine group, and middle breviscapine group, the kidney/body weight ratio of rats in high breviscapine group was significantly decreased (with P values all <0.05). Compared with those in sham injury group, the renal tubular and renal interstitial injury scores of rats in electric burn group at PIH 48 and 72 and PIW 1 were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with those in electric burn group at PIH 8 and 24, the renal tubular and renal interstitial injury score of rats in electric burn group at PIW 1 was significantly increased (with P values all <0.05). At PIH 72, the renal tubular and renal interstitial injury scores of rats in the 5 groups of rats with electric burns were similar ( P>0.05). At PIH 8, 24, 48, and 72 and PIW 1, the levels of serum creatinine and serum urea nitrogen of rats in electric burn group were significantly higher than those in sham injury group (with Z values of -2.00, -2.37, -2.62, -2.67, -3.67, -2.34, -3.11, -3.43, -3.11, and -3.51, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with that in electric burn group at PIH 0, the levels of serum creatinine of rats in electric burn group at PIH 72 and PIW 1 were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with that in electric burn group at PIH 8, the levels of serum creatinine of rats in electric burn group at PIH 72 and PIW 1 were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with that in electric burn group at PIH 24, the level of serum creatinine of rats in electric burn group at PIW 1 was significantly increased ( P<0.05). At PIH 72, the levels of serum creatinine of rats in the 5 groups of rats with electric burns were similar ( P>0.05). Compared with that in electric burn group, the levels of serum urea nitrogen of rats in low breviscapine group, middle breviscapine group, and high breviscapine group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with that in saline group, the levels of serum urea nitrogen in middle breviscapine group and high breviscapine group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). At PIH 48 and 72 and PIW 1, the CAT activities in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in electric burn group were significantly lower than those in sham injury group (with Z values of -2.22, -2.13, and -3.51, respectively, P<0.05). At PIH 8, 24, 48, and 72 and PIW 1, the levels of AOPP in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in electric burn group were significantly higher than those in sham injury group (with Z values of -2.00, -3.15, -2.71, -2.04, and -2.33, respectively, P<0.05). At PIH 0-PIW 1, the levels of Klotho protein in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in sham injury group and electric burn group were all similar ( P>0.05). Compared with that in electric burn group at PIH 0, the CAT activities in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in electric burn group at PIH 72 and PIW 1 and the levels of Klotho protein in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in electric burn group at PIH 48 and 72 and PIW 1 were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with that in electric burn group at PIH 8, the CAT activities in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in electric burn group at PIH 72 and PIW 1 and the levels of Klotho protein in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in electric burn group at PIH 48 and 72 and PIW 1 were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with that in electric burn group at PIH 24, the CAT activities in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in electric burn group at PIH 72 and PIW 1 were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with that in electric burn group at PIH 48, the CAT activity in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in electric burn group at PIW 1 was significantly decreased ( P<0.05). At PIH 72, the levels of Klotho protein in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in the 5 groups of rats with electric burns were similar ( P<0.05). Compared with 14.6 (12.6, 23.6) U/mgprot in electric burn group, the CAT activities in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in low breviscapine group (20.5 (18.0, 39.8) U/mgprot), middle breviscapine group (24.9 (14.7, 28.9) U/mgprot), and high breviscapine group (28.0 (21.9, 39.1) U/mgprot) were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with 15.7 (13.7, 25.6) U/mgprot in saline group, the CAT activities in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in middle breviscapine group and high breviscapine group were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with that in low breviscapine group, the CAT activity in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in high breviscapine group was significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with those in electric burn group and saline group, the levels of AOPP in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in middle breviscapine group and high breviscapine group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusions:After high-voltage electric burns, oxidative stress injury occur in the kidneys of rats, which is aggravated with time extension. Breviscapine can alleviate oxidative stress injuries in the kidneys of rats with high-voltage electric burns.

Neurosurgery is considered as one of the most difficult areas in the field of medicine, and the complexity of nervous system is a leading cause. Therefore, it demands neurosurgeons possess basic knowledge, spatial thinking, and practical experiences. Here, we introduce a rapid developing technique applying multi-modal neuroimaging reconstruction and virtual reality, which constitutes a novel learning model for boosting the growth of neurosurgeons. The incorporation of multi-modal neuroimaging and virtual reality builds a bridge from two-dimensional image to actual surgical view. Neurosurgeons are able to perform surgical planning and simulation with naked eyes under the constructed three-dimensional hologram. The technique also provides evidence of accurate localization and guidance for operation. Therefore, multi-modal neuroimaging reconstruction and virtual reality are expected to tremendously promote the progress of young trainees, and can further enhance their all-round abilities. In short, this revolutionary learning model would impact the neurosurgical specialists training profoundly.

【Objective】 To explore the effects of insulin on the QT interval and induced arrhythmias of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells （hiPSC-CMs）. 【Methods】 Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry were used to analyze the purity of hiPSC-CMs. Microelectrode array （MEA） was utilized to detect the electrophysiological changes including heart rate （HR）， field potential duration （FPD， which is similar to QT interval in ECG）， FPDc （FPD corrected by HR）， conduction velocity （CV）， and spike amplitude before and after insulin treatment. The effects of E4031 on QT interval prolongation and induced arrhythmias of hiPSC-CMs were evaluated before and after treatment with insulin. 【Results】 hiPSC-CMs highly expressed myocardial specific marker cTnT. The purity of hiPSC-CMs was 97.1%. After 5-day insulin treatment of hiPSC-CMs， HR increased by （11.9±3.3）%， FPD shortened by （22.7±2.8）%， FPDc shortened by （15.6±1.6）%， and spike amplitude increased by （39.1±7.9）% when compared with untreated group， but CV remained unchanged. 10 nmol/L of E4031 could prolong the FPDc of hiPSC-CMs by （37.8±9.0）%， and 30 nmol/L of E4031 could induce arrhythmias. After insulin treatment， 10 nmol/L of E4031 prolonged the FPDc of hiPSC-CMs by （21.8±3.1）% （compared with the untreated group， insulin decreased FPDc prolongation by E4031， 37.8%±9.0% vs. 21.8%±3.1%， P<0.05）， while 30 nmol/L of E4031 did not induce arrhythmias. 【Conclusion】 Insulin can shorten the QT interval of hiPSC-CMs and significantly reduce the QT interval prolongation and the risk of arrhythmias induced by drugs.

Objective:To explore the effect of high-voltage electrical burn on platelet function and rheological behavior in rats and the interventive effect of Xuebijing.Methods:A total of 280 Sprague Dawley rats of clean grade (aged 8-10 weeks, male and female unlimited) were divided into sham injury group, simple electrical burn group, electrical burn+ saline group, and electrical burn+ Xuebijing group according to the random number table, with 70 rats in each group. Rats in sham injury group were not conducted with electrical current to cause sham injury. Rats in the other three groups were given electrical current with output voltage of 2 kV and current intensity of (1.92 ± 0.24) A for 3 s, which caused high-voltage electrical burn wounds, each with an area of 1 cm×1 cm distributed in the left forelimb at the current inlet and the right hindlimb at the current outlet respectively. Rats in sham injury group and simple electrical burn group were not treated after injury. At post injury minute 2 and on post injury day (PID) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, rats in electrical burn+ saline group and electrical burn+ Xuebijing group were intraperitoneally injected with 6 mL/kg saline and 6 mL/kg Xuebijing, respectively. Survival conditions of rats were recorded during the experiment. At 15 min before injury and at post injury hour (PIH) 1, 8, 24, 48, 72, and on PID 7, 10 rats in each group were respectively selected according to the random number table to sacrifice after collection of 5 mL blood under the direct vision of heart. Blood in the volume of 0.05 mL from each rat was taken to make blood smear, and platelet aggregation number was counted under 400 fold field of view using multiple projection microscope. The remaining blood samples were centrifuged to collect supernatant, and the content of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), thrombopoietin (TPO), and platelet activating factor (PAF) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance for factorial design and Student-Newman-Keuls method.Results:All rats in sham injury group and simple electrical burn group survived during the experiment. One rat in electrical burn+ saline group died on PID 6, and one rat on PID 5 and one rat on PID 6 died in electrical burn+ Xuebijing group. The levels of all indexes among the 4 groups were close at 15 min before injury. The serum content of PDGF, TPO, and PAF and platelet aggregation number of rats in the three electrical burn groups at all time points after injury were higher or more than those in sham injury group, and the first three indexes reached the peak at PIH 8. The serum platelet aggregation number of rats in simple electrical burn group reached the peak at PIH 48, and that in electrical burn+ saline group and electrical burn+ Xuebijing group reached the peak at PIH 72. Among them, the serum content of PDGF of rats in electrical burn+ Xuebijing group at PIH 48, 72 and on PID 7 ((12.8±4.0), (11.6±4.4), (11.0±3.6) ng/mL, respectively) was close to that in sham injury group ((10.4±2.0), (10.4±2.5), (9.8±3.3) ng/mL, respectively, P>0.05). The serum content of TPO of rats in electrical burn+ Xuebijing group at PIH 24, 72 and on PID 7 ((200±52), (192±36), (193±32) ng/mL, respectively) was close to that in sham injury group ((182±30) , (184±41), (183±33) ng/mL, respectively, P>0.05). The serum content of PDGF, TPO, and PAF and platelet aggregation number of rats in electrical burn+ Xuebijing group at every time point after injury was generally lower or less than that in electrical burn+ saline group and simple electrical burn group. Conclusions:Application of Xuebijing treatment after high-voltage electrical burn can decrease the content of PDGF, TPO, and PAF in the serum and reduce the number of platelet aggregation, thereby inhibit platelet activation and improve platelet rheology.

Objective: Preliminary study on the clinical effect of preoperative ultrasound endoscopy combined with staining labeling technique to locate the actual boundary of esophageal and gastric cancer Methods: From September 1, 2015 to October 30, 2017, 18 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma were enrolled in this study. The actual boundaries of esophageal and gastric-derived adenocarcinoma lesions were localized by endoscopic ultrasonography and staining. There were 10 males and 8 females. After completing the preoperative examination, 1-2 days before operation, endoscopic ultrasonography was used to locate the edge of the lesion. Two point injection of carbon nano suspension was used to mark the location of 1cm at the longest distance from the longitudinal axis of the tumor. According to the length of longitudinal axial staining, the thoracotomy was performed. Intraoperative proximal margin resection was used to send frozen pathology. According to the results of freezing, the operation was decided. After the operation, the specimens from the margin of the tumor were segmented into paraffin section, which was about 0.5cm in each segment, and the tumor cells were observed under the electron microscope at all levels of the paraffin sections. Results: The average time of preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography staining was(10.16±1.38) min, and the diameter of nano carbon diffusion was(1.43±0.41)cm. All patients in the operation could clearly see the nano carbon staining area under the naked eye. In the field, the average time of locating lesions was(1.27±0.53)min. 5 patients underwent thoracoabdominal surgery and 13 underwent abdominal surgery. The average length of the cut margin of the tumor was(4.74±1.12)cm, and the frozen pathology of the incision margin was negative, and no additional operation was performed. The routine pathology confirmed that all the specimens were negative. Conclusion The staining and labeling technique for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction under endoscopic ultrasonography can detect the tumor edge and the scope of invasion accurately. It provides guidance and guarantee for the smooth implementation of AEG precision surgery. It is a safe, rapid and effective positioning technique.

Objective The incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been on the rise year by year around the globe.According to the latest Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (Fourth Edition) released by the Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF),there is no sufficient evidence that related medicine can promote the repairment of neural injury in the treatment of central nerve damage.The clinical treatment of TBI is facing multiple difficulties.In recent years,brain computer interface (BCI) technology has developed rapidly and shown enormous potential in TBI repairment,especially in visual and auditory restoration,neural function recovery,and cognitive restoration.BCI provides a new approach to improve the quality of life for patients.This paper reviews the application and prospect of BCI in sense,motion,and cognitive function repairment after TBI,so as to provide new insights for the treatment of TBI nerve function.

The prognosis of glioma remains poor because of the infiltrative nature and the high local relapse rate.The current goals for patients with gliomas is maximal safe resection and adjuvant therapy.Tumor-specific photosensitizer,such as hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA),can be selective up-taken and accumulated in tumor tissue.Light with appropriate wavelength can penetrate tumor tissue and excite the photosensitizer.The excited photosensitizer within glioma cells permits fluorescence visualization of tumor tissue during surgery and has been introduced in treatment of glioma as fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS).On the other hand,the toxicity of singlet oxygen generated by the excited photosensitizer has been used as photodynamic therapy (PDT) in selective destruction of the tumor.Some reports demonstrated the usefulness of adding PDT as an intraoperative adjuvant therapy,but the complexity associated with its implementation and the introduction of TMZ prevented PDT from becoming a routine therapy.However,FGS using 5-ALA in patients with malignant brain tumors has surfaced globally and may become a useful tool in increasing the extent of resection in gliomas.

Objective To explore the effect of neuroendoscopic surgery for the removal of medium and large sized tuberculum sellae meningiomas through supraorbital keyhole approach.Methods A retrospective research was performed on 7 case of patients with tuberculum sellae meningioma who underwent endoscopic surgery through supraorbital keyhole approach.The main performance of patients as tumor diameter were 2.8-4.7 cm and the skin incision located at superciliary aich which size of intra-frontal bone window was 3.5 cm× 2.0 cm.Results Total removal was achieved in 7 cases(simpson Ⅰ grade in 2 patients,sirnpson 1Ⅱ grade in 5 patients).Postoperative,the visual outcomes of eyes were showed improvement in 9 eyes,remained steady in 3 eyes,and deterioration in 2 eyes.All patients were followed up for 6-13 months and no recurrence was found.Conclusion Neuroendoscopic surgery through supraorbital keyhole approach is an effective method for the resection of medium and large sized tuberculum sellae meningiomas.

BACKGROUND:As the high proliferation and low apoptosis of the bone marrow in polycythemia vera patients, hematopoietic stem cels transplanted into NOD/SCID mice can differentiate into erythroid cels, but whether hematopoietic stem cels transplantation could improve the hematopoietic function of aplastic anemia mice is not yet reported. OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cels with JAK2V617F mutation from polycythemia vera patients can influence hematopoietic reconstruction in aplastic anemia mice. METHODS:Severe aplastic anemia mouse models were established by using recombinant human interferon-γplus busulfan, and then, these mouse models were randomly divided into experimental group (n=10) and control group (n=10). Bone marrow mononuclear cels isolated from polycythemia vera patients with positive JAK2V617F mutation were transplanted into the mice in the experimental group via tail vein at 5 days after drug withdrawal.The same volume of normal saline was administered to the control group. Routine peripheral blood test, morphology of bone marrow cels, bone marrow biopsy, and percentage of CD45+ cels in the peripheral blood and marrow were determined at 14 days after transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 14 days after transplantation, pancytopenia occurred in the experimental group, bone marrow smears showed scattered lymphocytes and hematopoietic progenitors, and bone marrow biopsy presented that hematopoietic tissues were reduced and a smal amount of granulocyte cels and erythroblasts could be seen, but megakaryocytes were rare. In contrast to the control group, there was no improvement in the hematopoietic function of mice in the experimental group. CD45+ cels were detectable in the peripheral blood and bone marrow in the experimental group, but not in the control group; and a higher percentage of CD45+ cels was measured in the bone marrow than in the peripheral blood of experimental group mice. Experimental findings indicate that bone marrow mononuclear cels from polycythemia vera patients with positive JAK2V617F mutation can be engrafted into aplastic anemia mice, but cannot improve the hematopoietic function of mice.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristic of Rathke′s cleft cyst and assess the effect of endoscopic en-donasal transsphenoidal surgery .Methods A retrospective research was performed on 9 patients who underwent endoscopic en-donasal transsphenoidal surgery .Neural endoscopic surgery by single nostril transsphenoidal approach ,partial resection of the cyst wall with drainage of the intracystic contents was performed in all patients .Results Symptoms in all patients were resolved or alle-viated .No CSF rhinorrhea ,permanent diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism happened .All patients were followed up for 4 to 12 months and no recurrence was found .Conclusion Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery is a effective method for symptom-atic Rathke′s cleft cysts .