Objective: To analyze the status and trends of physical fitness test data among college freshmen with different body mass index (BMI) groups from 2014 to 2024, providing the scientific evidence for monitoring and intervening in college students physical health. Methods: A census was conducted on all 67 949 freshmen at Civil Aviation University of China from 2014 to 2024. Physical tests included vital capacity, sit and reach, sit ups, 50 m sprint, standing long jump, pull ups, and 800 m/1 000 m run. Freshmen were divided into underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups according to WHO BMI standards. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare differences in physical fitness indicators across gender and BMI groups, while the Mann-Kendall trend test was employed to detect upward or downward trends in physical indicators over time. Results: From 2014 to 2024, statistically significant differences were observed in vital capacity, 50 m sprint, standing long jump, and sit and reach among different BMI groups for both genders (boy: Z =2 396.40, 4 160.33, 4 662.23, 531.85; girl: Z =593.37, 308.86, 499.37, 128.70). Significant differences were also found in 1 000 m run and pull ups for boys, and 800 m run and sit ups for girls across BMI groups (boy: Z =6 574.80, 6 880.48; girl: Z =528.56, 146.18) ( P <0.01). Overall physical test scores showed a declining trend during 2014-2024, particularly pronounced in overweight and obese groups. Male vital capacity in 2014 exceeded national survey data( d =320 mL), with the gap widening to 734 mL by 2019, while the female vital capacity difference increased from 271 mL in 2014 to 576 mL in 2019. Male 1 000 m run times were 23.0 s and 17.5 s faster than national data in 2014 and 2019 respectively, while female 800 m run times were 22.3 s and 21.5 s faster than corresponding national data. Conclusions Physical health status among freshmen at this university varies across BMI groups and changes over time. Although overall test scores remain higher than national levels, the declining trend in physical fitness performance requires attention.

Mitochondria, ubiquitous energy-producing organelles in eukaryotic cells, can have their normal functions disrupted by bacterial infections, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. This dysfunction is closely associated with inflammatory diseases. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disorder of periodontal tissues caused by pathogenic microorganisms, has been increasingly linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in its pathogenesis and progression. Compared to healthy periodontal tissues, inflammatory lesions exhibit more pronounced mitochondrial dysfunction—a pathological process that is strongly correlated with periodontal pathogen infection. Studies reveal that these pathogens disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis in host cells (e.g., gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts) through multiple mechanisms, including disrupting mitochondrial biogenesis, altering mitochondrial dynamics (promoting excessive fission), inhibiting mitophagy, impairing mitochondrial dysfunction-associated apoptosis, and inducing endogenous oxidative stress, which upregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these processes drive the establishment and persistence of an inflammatory microenvironment. This review explores how periodontal pathogens affect mitochondrial function and their mechanistic contributions to periodontitis progression, with the goal of providing novel insights for developing mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies.

Objective To investigate the influence of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and transcription activator(JAK-STAT)signaling pathway mediated by Kruppel-like factor 14(KLF14)on the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods From January 2018 to September 2019,NSCLC tissues from 80 patients and malignancy-free paracancerous tissues from 25 patients were collected.Medical follow-up ended in April 2023.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of KLF14 in tissues,and the patients were divided into a high-expression group and a low-expression group according to the median level of KLF14 expression.Over-expres-sion or knock-down of KLF14 and JAK1 was achieved by transfection of KLF14 and JAK1 overexpression plasmid in A549 cells and transfection of KLF14 and JAK1 specific short hairpin RNA(shKLF14 and shJAK1)in HCC827 cells.The proliferation activity of cells was analyzed by cell clone formation test.Transwell analyzed the migration and invasion of cells.Results As compared with the normal paracancerous tissues,the expression of KLF14 in NSCLC tissue decreased(P<0.001).The low expression of KLF14 was significantly correlated with tumor diameter of>3 cm,lymph node metastasis and clinical stage Ⅲ(P<0.05).There was a significant difference in the overall survival rate between the high KLF14 expression group and the low KLF14 expression group,and the patients with low KLF14 expression had poor prognosis(P = 0.039).After overexpression of KLF14,the proliferation ability of A549 cells and the number of migration and invasion of these cells decreased significantly(P<0.05);while after knock-down of KLF14,the proliferation ability of HCC827 cells and the number of migration,and invasion of these cells increased significantly(P<0.05).As compared with Vector + KLF14 group,the number of colonies,migration and invasion of A549 cells in JAK1 + KLF14 group increased significantly(P<0.05).As compared with shNC + shKLF14 group,the number of colonies,migration and invasion of HCC827 cells in shJAK1 + shKLF14 group decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusions Low expression of KLF14 is associated with poor overall survival in NSCLC patients.Up-regulation of KLF14 significantly inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells in vitro,and its mechanism may be related to inhibition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.

Oral microbiome consists of diverse bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoan populations, with whose stability, functionality, and assembly process are regulated by complex interactions between the host and microbes. High-throughput sequencing technology provides insights into the classification structure, genomic composition, function, and dynamical changes of oral microbiome under healthy and morbid conditions. This review aims to outline the establishment and homeostasis maintenance of regulating oral microbiome, as well as the common oral disease-related microbial imbalance, influencing factors and emerging methods. With perspectives from microbiology, immunology, and multi-omics, we can delve into the complex molecular dialogue between the human body and microbes. Deep understandings of the assembly principles, intercellular signals, stress adaptability, and triggering factors of microbial imbalance are crucial for developing new diagnostic technologies, treatment plans, and custom probiotics. These methods can precisely target and minimize disruption to the oral microbiome. Regulating oral microbiome by using methods such as small molecules, diet, prebiotics, probiotics, phages offers new opportunities to enhance oral and overall health.

Alzheimer's disease(AD),a common neurodegenerative disease,has been linked to periodontitis,espe-cially Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis)infection.This review summarizes the potential mechanisms and path-ways through which P.gingivalis and its virulence factors are involved in AD pathogenesis,aiming to provide the scien-tific basis for the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies for AD.P.gingivalis can promote AD by ex-acerbating neuroinflammation,facilitating amyloid beta and Tau deposition,and disrupting the blood-brain barrier.Gin-gipains,secreted by P.gingivalis,serve as core effector molecules by increasing the blood-brain barrier permeability.The association between P.gingivalis and its effectors and AD pathology has been validated by metagenomic analysis and sample detection,indicating that P.gingivalis may be an environmental susceptibility factor or modifiable risk fac-tor for AD.However,the precise mechanisms by which P.gingivalis influences AD,and its interactions with other po-tential AD-related factors,remain unclear.Moreover,further research needs to be conducted on the therapeutic potential of P.gingvalis intervention in improving AD.

Objective: To analyze the trends and hotspots in research related to microbiomes and microbes of dental caries; in addition, the study seeks to provide a reference for caries research. Methods: We searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) to extract relevant literature in the field of microbiomes and microbes of dental caries published from 2014 to 2023. We used bibliometric visualization evaluation methods such as CiteSpace to conduct visualized analysis of factors that include the number of publications, journals, countries, authors, institutions, co-cited references, and keywords. Results: A total of 3 192 references were extracted, including 2 664 articles and 528 reviews. The number of annual publications is increasing. The United States and China lead the number of publications, with the United States demonstrating a greater capacity for international collaboration. The top 10 journals in percentage of literature are mainly in the field of dentistry followed by the field of microbiology. The author cooperation networks with the highest number of publications include the network led by Zhou Xuedong of Sichuan University, and the network led by Xu Hockin H.K and Weir Michael D of the University of Maryland, Baltimore. The research on microbiomes and microbes of dental caries focuses on the cariogenic toxicity and interaction of microorganisms, oral microbiomes, and the relationship between dental caries and systemic diseases. The articles with high citation frequency mainly involve topics such as dental caries, oral biofilm, oral microbiota, and Streptococcus mutans. Keyword research showed that “dental caries,” “Streptococcus mutans,” “bacteria,” “dental plaque,” and “antibacterial activity” have been the primary focus of research in the last decade. The number of keywords, such as “health” and “oral health,” is on the rise. The latest emergence of “gut microbiome/microbiota” suggests that the oral gut microbiome axis is at the forefront of research in this field, and researchers’ focus is gradually shifting toward the connection between dental caries and systemic diseases. Conclusion Over the last decade, the number of publications in the field microbiomes and microbes of dental caries has increased annually. This research trend will be the multi-omics of the overall oral microbiome, and new research methods and techniques will contribute to the field of cariology.

The dental operative microscope has been widely employed in the field of dentistry, particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry, resulting in significant advancements in the effectiveness of root canal therapy, endodontic surgery, and dental restoration. However, the improper use of this microscope continues to be common in clinical settings, primarily due to operators' insufficient understanding and proficiency in both the features and established operating procedures of this equipment. In October 2019, Professor Jingping Liang, Vice Chairman of the Society of Cariology and Endodontology, Chinese Stomatological Association, organized a consensus meeting with Chinese experts in endodontics and operative dentistry. The objective of this meeting was to establish a standard operation procedure for the dental operative microscope. Subsequently, a consensus was reached and officially issued. Over the span of about four years, the content of this consensus has been further developed and improved through practical experience.
Humans ; Dentistry, Operative ; Consensus ; Endodontics ; Root Canal Therapy ; Dental Care

Caries is a chronic infectious disease that occurs in the hard tissues of teeth. The interaction of oral microorganisms, host, food and time leads to the occurrence and progression of caries. Free sugar is an important food factor in the occurrence of dental caries. This paper reviews the research progress on the relationship between free sugar and caries in recent years, providing a reference for further clarifying the mechanism of the occurrence and progression of caries caused by free sugar and exploring the methods of caries prevention. The cariogenic mechanism of free sugar is multifaceted. Free sugar can not only be used by oral microorganisms in dental plaque biofilms to produce acid and synthesize intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides but also cause an imbalance in oral microecology and enhance gene expression related to the cariogenic toxicity of oral microorganisms. Based on the correlation between free sugar and caries, it is important to limit the intake amount and frequency of free sugar to prevent caries. This can be achieved mainly by formulating public health policies for reducing sugar, creating a low-sugar family environment with good eating habits, using sugar substitutes and using fluoride. There are few studies on the relationship between free sugar and oral microecology. More research is needed to better understand the effect of free sugar on oral microecology and its mechanism and to validate the caries-preventing effect of various sugar reduction measures. We believe such studies would open up new avenues for the effective prevention of caries.

Oral microbial community, as an important part of human microbial community, is closely related to oral and general health. Oral microbiological research has become the forefront of international microbiological research. Standardized and unified nomenclature for oral microorganisms in Chinese is of great significance to support the development of oral medicine research. Standardized translation of microbial names is the basis for writing canonical and authoritative professional textbooks and reference books, which helps students to accurately acquire the characteristics and classifications of oral microbes. Unified translation of oral microorganisms is also conducive to academic communication and cooperation, and plays an important role in oral health education and science popularization, which enables oral microbiology knowledge to be accurately disseminated to the public. Therefore, in order to standardize the words in scientific research, funding application, publications, academic exchanges and science popularization within the field of oral medicine, we have fully discussed and revised the Chinese names of oral microorganisms in 2017 edition and ones of newly discovered oral microbes, finally reaching a consensus to form the 2023 edition of Chinese names of oral microorganisms.

Oral bacteria directly affect the disease status of dental caries and periodontal diseases. The dynamic oral microbiota cooperates with the host to reflect the information and status of immunity and metabolism through two-way communication along the oral cavity and the systemic organs. The oral cavity is one of the most important interaction windows between the human body and the environment. The microenvironment at different sites in the oral cavity has different microbial compositions and is regulated by complex signaling, hosts, and external environmental factors. These processes may affect or reflect human health because certain health states seem to be related to the composition of oral bacteria, and the destruction of the microbial community is related to systemic diseases. In this review, we discussed emerging and exciting evidence of complex and important connections between the oral microbes and multiple human systemic diseases, and the possible contribution of the oral microorganisms to systemic diseases. This review aims to enhance the interest to oral microbes on the whole human body, and also improve clinician's understanding of the role of oral microbes in systemic diseases. Microbial research in dentistry potentially enhances our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of oral diseases, and at the same time, continuous advances in this frontier field may lead to a tangible impact on human health.
Bacteria ; Dental Caries/microbiology* ; Humans ; Microbiota ; Mouth/microbiology* ; Mouth Diseases/microbiology* ; Periodontal Diseases/microbiology*