OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of finger reconstruction using nail flap anastomosing the nerve branch of the first toe nail bed. METHODS: Between January 2016 and December 2022, 18 patients (18 fingers) with thumb or finger nail bed defects were admitted. There were 12 males and 6 females, with an average age of 32 years (range, 19-42 years). Four cases were finger tip tissue damage caused by machine compression, and 4 cases were distal tissue necrosis after finger replantation. There were 9 cases of thumb injury, 3 cases of index finger injury, 5 cases of middle finger injury, and 1 case of ring finger injury. There were 11 cases of distal nail damage and 7 cases of distal nail root (including nail root) damage. The time from injury to admission was 1-5 hours, with an average of 2 hours. After debridement and anti-infection treatment for 5-7 days, the wounds in size of 1 cm×1 cm to 4 cm×3 cm were reconstructed by using nail flaps anastomosing the nerve branches of the first toe nail bed. The size of the nail flaps ranged from 1.5 cm×1.5 cm to 4.5 cm×3.5 cm. The donor sites were repaired with the flaps in 16 cases and skin graft in 2 cases. RESULTS: All nail flaps, flaps, and skin grafts survived after operation and the wounds healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 6-12 months (mean, 10 months). The nails of 18 cases were all grown, in which 16 cases had smooth nails with satisfactory appearances, 1 case had uneven nails, and 1 case had obvious scar hyperplasia around the suture opening. At 6 months after operation, the two-point discrimination of the skin flap was 4-8 mm (mean, 6 mm). Meanwhile, the skin grafts and flaps at the donor sites regained protective sensation, good abrasion resistance, and had no negative effect upon walking and wearing shoes. CONCLUSION The application of a nail flap that anastomoses the nerve branch of the first toe nail bed for finger reconstruction has minimal damage and can achieve good nail bed repair results.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Nails/injuries* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Finger Injuries/surgery* ; Surgical Flaps/innervation* ; Skin Transplantation/methods* ; Toes/injuries* ; Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypercoagulability, hypertension, and multiorgan dysfunction. Effective antivirals with safe clinical profile are urgently needed to improve the overall prognosis. In an analysis of a randomly collected cohort of 124 patients with COVID-19, we found that hypercoagulability as indicated by elevated concentrations of D-dimers was associated with disease severity. By virtual screening of a U.S. FDA approved drug library, we identified an anticoagulation agent dipyridamole (DIP) , which suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication . In a proof-of-concept trial involving 31 patients with COVID-19, DIP supplementation was associated with significantly decreased concentrations of D-dimers ( < 0.05), increased lymphocyte and platelet recovery in the circulation, and markedly improved clinical outcomes in comparison to the control patients. In particular, all 8 of the DIP-treated severely ill patients showed remarkable improvement: 7 patients (87.5%) achieved clinical cure and were discharged from the hospitals while the remaining 1 patient (12.5%) was in clinical remission.

Oxygen enrichment of room air is an effective way to resist hypoxia at high altitude, but it may introduce a potential fire hazard. In common, the burning rate of light and thin homogeneous solid in oxygen enriched atmosphere was used to assess the fire hazard. For the purpose of measuring the burning rate of light and thin homogeneous solid in oxygen enriched atmosphere, we used the methods of laser contact ignition and direct calculation of burning rate, and invented a device that includes mixing gas system, ignition equipment, system of measuring the burning rate and self-made specimen frame. By using the homemade device, we studied the burning rate of filter paper under low pressure and in oxygen-enriched atmosphere and in that of the oxygen concentration of reached stationary burning rate. The results showed that this device was simple, and could obtain the burning rate of light and thin homogeneous solid quantitatively.
Air Pressure ; Altitude ; Atmosphere Exposure Chambers ; Environment, Controlled ; Equipment Design ; Fires ; prevention & control ; Oxygen ; analysis

Progressive dementia is described as the first and most prominent symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and hyperphosphorylation of microtubule associated Tau protein (MAPT) plays a key role in neurodegeneration and neuronal dysfunction in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. This paper reviews several protein kinases and phosphatases which can phosphorylate/dephosphorylate Tau protein, and evaluates a therapeutic strategy based on targeted inhibition of Tau kinases and activation of Tau phosphatases.
Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; tau Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; physiology

Oxidative stress may reduce cardiovascular function. Glutathione Stransferases(GSTs) play an important role in cell defending against oxidative stress. Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) gene is one of the most intensively investigated glutathione S-transferase genes in epidemiologic studies. The GSTP1 gene displays a polymorphism at codon 105 (Ile105 Val), which results in an enzyme with altered substrate affinity. To date, there have been few studies evaluating whether Ilel05Val polymorphism of GSTP1 gene has an effect on cardiovascular function in the broad masses of people. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Ile105 Val polymorphism of GSTP1 gene and heart rate and blood pressure in 197 unrelated adult males of Han nationality. It was found that there were two types of the GSTP1 genotypes, Ile105/Ile105 and Ile105/Val105, but genotype Val105/Val105 was not found, and the frequencies of IleIes/Ileos and Ile105/Val105 genotypes were 78% and 22% respectively. Comparison with individuals with lie105/Val105 genotype showed that those with Ile105/Ile105 genotype had higher rest heart rate and maximal heart rate mean values. However, whether for rest heart rate and maximal heart rate or for heart rate reserve, no significant differences were found between the two genotype groups (P>0.05). Compared with individuals with Ile105/Val105 genotype, those with Iler105/Ile105 genotype had higher systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure mean values and lower diastolic blood pressure mean value. However, for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, no significant differences were found between the two genotype groups (P>0.05). The results suggested that Ile105 Val polymorphism of GSTP1 gene may not be associated with heart rate and blood pressure in the broad masses of people.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Genotype ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; genetics ; Heart Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic

The genetic adaptation of Plateau residents to hypoxia of low-pressure has been the hot spot for study. In terms of physiology, the adaptation involves the regulation responses of blood vessels, the changes in blood cells, antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism, as well as the hypoxia-induced changes in nuclear transcription. Physiological adaptation is heritable, so people who have already adapted themselves to high altitude are bound to be different, in regard to gene level, from the crowd who have not yet adapted themselves to high altitude environment. For this reason, researchers have studied a great deal of gene related-enzymes, the receptors, polypeptide, as well as transcription factors in body, and they found a number of the DNA polymorphism sites in the people who have adapted themsevles to high altitude being different from those in the people who do not get acclimatized. In this paper is reviewed the newest advance in research of these gene polymorphisms. The data could serve as references for further study of hypoxia genetic adaptation to high altitude.
Acclimatization ; genetics ; Adaptation, Physiological ; genetics ; Altitude ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics

To explore the change of numerical working memory ability in healthy young adults, continuous mental arithmetic task were performed for 3 hours and a numerical working memory paradigm was determined at 5 min intervals according to different COMT genotypes of young adults. Twenty subjects of different genotypes were chosen from 115 healthy young adults, P3 event-related potentials was utilized to observe the relationship between this COMT polymorphism and cortical physiology in a continuous working memory task. The results demonstrate that subjects bearing the Val/Val homozygote have significantly higher mean P3 amplitudes than Val/Met heterozygote (P<0.01), however, insignificant differences in comparison to Met/Met homozygote. Mean P3 amplitudes tended to sharply increase among different genotype subjects are observe in different Blocks. We suggest that numerical working memory ability was associated with P3 amplitude evoked from centro-parietal area of brain, which indicate the degree of influence of task on different subjects.
Brain ; physiology ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase ; genetics ; physiology ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mathematics ; Memory ; physiology ; Parietal Lobe ; physiology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Young Adult

In this study the blood sample was collected from eighty-six athletes in Tibetan mountaining team and Tibetan mountaining sports school and ninety healthy Han nationality people in Guangdong province, and genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocyte. The allele frequency distribution and the genotypes combination distribution of hypoxia-inducible factor-la gene (HIF-1alpha)exonl2 C1772T and G1790A were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR (PCR-RFLP) in order to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of HIF-1alpha C1772T and G1790A with hypoxic acclimation in high altitude in Tibetans. The results indicated that the genotype frequency of HIF-1alpha C1772T in Tibetan and in Han nationality was 13.95% versus 16.67% in genotype CC, 38.37% versus 41.11% in genotype CT and 47.68% versus 42.22% in genotype TT. No significant difference in CC, CT and TT genotype frequency of HIF-1alphaC1772T was shown between Tibetans and Han nationality respectively, while GA genotype frequency of HIF-la G1790A in Tibetans was higher than that in Han nationality. The GA genotype of HIF-1alpha G1790A may be involved in the hypoxic acclimation of high altitude , and it is worth of deep-going investigation.
Adaptation, Physiological ; genetics ; physiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Altitude ; Base Sequence ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; genetics ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; genetics ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Tibet ; Young Adult

This investigation was conducted to explore the relationship between the polymorphism of gene of glucose transport 1(GLUT1) and the human body adaptation to high altitude hypoxia environment. The data on glucose transport 1 gene polymorphism in Tibetan mountaineers (high altitude group) were analyzed and compared with the data from the level-land Guangdong Hans (control group). The genotype of 86 Tibetan mountaineers and 90 level-land Hans as controls were tested with polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for GLUT1 gene. The results showed that, in the high altitude mountaineer group, the frequencies of +22999 locus genotypes GG, GT and TT were 44.2%, 46.5% and 9.3% respectively, and such frequencies in the control group were 66.7%, 31.1% and 2.2% respectively. The frequencies of + 22999 polymorphic genotypes and alleles showed statistically significant difference between the high altitude group and the control group (P<0.05). Genetic single nucleotide polymorphism in GLUT1 G+22999T may be associated with the adaptation to high altitude hypoxia.
Adaptation, Physiological ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Altitude ; Base Sequence ; Female ; Genotype ; Glucose Transporter Type 1 ; genetics ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Tibet ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the relation between polymorphisms of pulmonary surfactant protein A gene and adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia. Methods The genotype proportions and allel frequencies of 86 Tibetan mountaineers and 90 sea-level Hans were examined with polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer(SSP-PCR) reaction for surfactant protein A gene. Results The constituent ratio of A/A,A/G and G/G genotypes in A1-aa62 locus and C/C,A/C and A/A genotypes in A2-aa223 locus showed significant statistic difference between highland group and the sea-level control group(P＜0.05). A1-aa62 G/G and A2-aa223 A/C genotype demonstrated high odds ratio in Tibetan mountaineers. Moreover, the comparisons of genotypes and alleles in A1-219 locus showed no significant difference between the plateau group and the sea-level Han control(P＞0.05). Conclusion The single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SPN) in SP-A1aa62 and SP-A2aa223 may be associated with the adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia.