Objective To evaluate the effect of donor gender on short-term survival rate of lung transplant recipients. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 1 066 lung transplant recipients. The log-rank test was used to evaluate the differences in short-term fatality among different donor gender groups and donor-recipient gender combination groups. Multivariate Cox regression, propensity score (PS) regression, and propensity score matching (PSM) were employed to control for confounding factors and further assess the differences in fatality. Subgroup analyses were also performed based on donor gender. Results Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed no statistically significant differences in fatality at 30 days, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years postoperatively between male and female donor groups (all P>0.05). After PS regression and PSM, univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that recipients from female donors had a higher fatality at 2 years postoperatively compared to those from male donors, with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.29 (1.01-1.65) and 1.36 (1.03-1.80) respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis also revealed no statistically significant differences in fatality at various follow-up time points among different donor-recipient gender combination groups (all P>0.05). Subgroup analyses based on donor sex showed no statistically significant differences in fatality among recipients of different gender within either male or female donor groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions Female donors may reduce the short-term postoperative survival rate of lung transplant recipients, but this negative impact is not sustainable in the long term. At present, there is no evidence to support the inclusion of sex as a factor in lung allocation rules.

Morita therapy has been bom for more than 100 years.Inpatient Morita therapy is highly oper-able and easy to master.It can improve many refractory neuroses through four-stage treatment.But more neuroses are treated in outpatient clinics,and Morita therapy cannot be used in hospitalized patients.Therefore,the formula-tion of expert opinions on outpatient operations is particularly important.This paper is based on domestic and for-eign references,and after many discussions by domestic Morita therapy experts,and then drew up the first version of the expert opinions on operation of outpatient Morita therapy.Meanwhile the operation rule of Morita therapy in three stages of outpatient treatment was formulated:in the etiological analysis stage,under the theoretical guidance of Morita therapy,analyze the pathogenic factors,to improve treatment compliance and reduce resistance;during the operating stage,guide patients to engage in constructive and meaningful actions,realizing the achievement of letting nature take its course principle;in the cultivating character and enriching life stage,pay attention to positive infor-mation,expanding the scope and content of actions,improving the ability to adapt to complex life,and preventing recurrence caused by insufficient abilities.It will lay a foundation for the promotion of Morita therapy in domestic outpatient clinics,so that more patients with neurosis and other psychological diseases could receive characteristic Morita therapy treatment in outpatient clinics.

Rapid epidemiological screening for tuberculosis (TB) usually uses tuberculin pure protein derivative (PPD) skin test, which has limitations such as low specificity and high side effects. ESAT-6 and CFP-10 are secreted proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the related genes are missing from Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). In this study, the fusion protein ESAT6-CFP10 (EC) was expressed and purified, and prepared into chitosan nanoparticles (EC-NPs), which were loaded into the microneedle patch and carried out the preliminary test of tuberculosis skin test. The drug loading capacity of MNP-EC-NPs (microneedle patch, MNP) can reach 0.03 μg per needle and 1.92 μg per patch. The shelf life of MNP-EC-NPs can reach 6 months at room temperature, and it can effectively penetrate the epidermis. Volunteer skin test results showed that MNP-EC-NPs can effectively distinguish between BCG vaccinators, and can effectively show positive reaction in the skin of tuberculosis patients without significant side effects. The experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital [2022 (2)]. In this study, a TB skin test method was established, using ESAT6-CFP10 fusion protein instead of PPD, and using soluble microneedle dosage form, which improved the specificity of TB skin test diagnosis and provided a new technical scheme for TB epidemic screening.

BACKGROUND: There are few multi-city studies on the association between temperature and mortality in basin climates. This study was based on the Sichuan Basin in southwest China to assess the association of basin temperature with non-accidental mortality in the population and with the temperature-related mortality burden. METHODS: Daily mortality data, meteorological and air pollution data were collected for four cities in the Sichuan Basin of southwest China. We used a two-stage time-series analysis to quantify the association between temperature and non-accidental mortality in each city, and a multivariate meta-analysis was performed to obtain the overall cumulative risk. The attributable fractions (AFs) were calculated to access the mortality burden attributable to non-optimal temperature. Additionally, we performed a stratified analyses by gender, age group, education level, and marital status. RESULTS: A total of 751,930 non-accidental deaths were collected in our study. Overall, 10.16% of non-accidental deaths could be attributed to non-optimal temperatures. A majority of temperature-related non-accidental deaths were caused by low temperature, accounting for 9.10% (95% eCI: 5.50%, 12.19%), and heat effects accounted for only 1.06% (95% eCI: 0.76%, 1.33%). The mortality burden attributable to non-optimal temperatures was higher among those under 65 years old, females, those with a low education level, and those with an alternative marriage status. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that a significant association between non-optimal temperature and non-accidental mortality. Those under 65 years old, females, and those with a low educational level or alternative marriage status had the highest attributable burden.
Female ; Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Cities ; Cold Temperature ; Hot Temperature ; Mortality ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Middle Aged ; Male

Objective To investigate the effects of zalcitabine(ddC),a mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ(POLG)inhibitor,on the migration,invasion,and to preliminarily explore mitochondrial biogenesis of human tri-ple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.Methods The effect of ddC on cell viability was detected using the MTT assay.The migration and invasion abilities of the cells were evaluated using the cell scratch and Transwell in-vasion assays.Cell apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry and a V-FITC/PI cell apoptosis detection kit.The protein expression of POLG,NADH dehydrogenase subunit Ⅰ(NADH1),NADH dehydrogenase subunit Ⅱ(NADH2),ATP synthase subunit 6(ATPase6),cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COX-1)and cytochrome c ox-idase subunit Ⅲ(COX-3)were determined using Western blot.The POLG mRNA level and mtDNA copy number were determined using qPCR.The mitochondrial content and ATP levels were determined using MitoTracker Green fluorescent probe staining and an ATP determination kit.MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-EG-FP-POLG plasmids to overexpress POLG.The inhibitory effects of ddC on cell migration and invasion were detected in POLG-overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells.Results POLG expression was higher in MDA-MB-231 cells than in normal mammary epithelial cells(MCF-10A)(P＜0.01).ddC inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent man-ner.ddC inhibited the migration(P＜0.01)and invasion(P＜0.01)of MDA-MB-231 cells;however,it dis-played no significant inhibitory effects on cell viability in normal mammary epithelial cells(MCF-10A)at the same concentration.ddC downregulated the protein(P＜0.01)and mRNA(P＜0.01)levels of POLG,reduced mtD-NA copy number(P＜0.01)and downregulated mtDNA-coded NADH1,NADH2,ATPase6,COX-1 and COX-3 protein expression(P＜0.01)in MDA-MB-231 cells.Furthermore ddC inhibited mitochondrial content(P＜0.01)and ATP(P＜0.01)levels in MDA-MB-231 cells.POLG overexpression increased the migration(P＜0.05)and invasion(P＜0.05)abilities of MDA-MB-231 cells,while ddC did not significantly inhibit the migra-tion and invasion abilities of MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing POLG.Conclusion ddC downregulates POLG ex-pression in MDA-MB-231 cells and inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP levels,thereby inhibiting the migra-tion and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Baoyuan Decoction for chronic heart failure model rat.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,Baoyuan Decoction group,Captopril group,Baoyuan Decoction+CCT020312[protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK)activator]group,15 rats in each group.Except for the blank group,the rats in the other groups were induced by Adriamycin to construct a chronic heart failure model.After corresponding drug intervention,cardiac function indexes[left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS),brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),cardiac troponin I(cTnI)],inflammation-related factors[tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin 1β(IL-1β)],oxidative stress factors[malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)]were detected in each group.Changes in apoptosis-related indicators[B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein(Bax),Caspase-3]and PERK/transcription activator 4(ATF4)signaling pathway-related proteins glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78),PERK,ATF4,C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP)levels.Results Compared with the blank group,LVEDD,BNP,cTnI,TNF-α,IL-1β,MDA levels,protein expression levels of Bax,Caspase-3,GRP78,PERK,ATF4,CHOP in the model group were significantly increased,LVEF,LVFS,SOD levels and Bcl-2 protein expression level were significantly decreased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group and Baoyuan Decoction+CCT020312 group,LVEDD,BNP,cTnI,TNF-α,IL-1β,MDA levels,protein expression levels of Bax,Caspase-3,GRP78,PERK,ATF4,CHOP in Baoyuan Decoction group and Captopril group were significantly decreased,LVEF,LVFS,SOD levels and Bcl-2 protein expression level were significantly increased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the Captopril group,there was no significant change in the above indexes(except CHOP protein expression level)in the Baoyuan Decoction group(P＞0.05).Conclusion Baoyuan Decoction can delay the progression of chronic heart failure rats,and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the PERK/ATF4 signaling pathway to alleviate cardiomyocyte apoptosis,further reducing the degree of inflammatory response and oxidative stress,thereby promoting the repair of cardiac function and myocardial injury.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of retinal injury in rats caused by light-emitting diodes(LEDs)with different color rendering indexes(CRIs).Methods Totally 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into nor-mal control(NC)group(sunlight),low CRI(CRI-L)group(blue light),medium CRI(CRI-M)group(conventional LED),and high CRI(CRI-H)group(full-spectrum LED),with 5 rats in each group,exposed to light for 12 hours daily for 4 consecutive weeks.Hematoxylin & eosin staining was used to assess morphological changes in the retina.Dihydroethidi-um staining was employed to detect the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in retinal tissues.The messenger ribonu-cleic acid(mRNA)expressions of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing protein 3(NLRP3),Gasdermin D(GSDMD)and Caspase-1 were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),and their protein expressions were measured through immunohistochemical staining.Environmental light spectra were measured using a spectroradiometer.Results Rats in the CRI-L group showed the thinnest retina,followed by the CRI-M group and CRI-H group.The fluorescence intensity of ROS in the NC group,CRI-L group,CRI-M group and CRI-H group was 1.000±0.046,25.060±1.732,14.530±3.776 and 1.821±0.587,respectively.The ROS level in the CRI-H group was significantly lower than that in the CRI-L group and CRI-M group(both P＜0.05).RT-qPCR showed that the relative mRNA expression of NL-RP3 in the NC group,CRI-L group,CRI-M group and CRI-H group was 1.004±0.005,4.004±0.716,2.027±0.303 and 0.741±0.069,respectively;the relative mRNA expression of Caspase-1 was 1.010±0.006,4.337±0.345,2.268±0.058 and 0.713±0.021,respectively;the relative mRNA expression of GSDMD was 1.000±0.000,2.938±0.559,1.955±0.166 and 1.213±0.051,respectively.Compared with the NC group,the relative expressions of NLRP3,Caspase-1 and GSDMD in the CRI-L group and CRI-M group significantly increased(all P＜0.05).The immunohistochemical staining results showed that the fluorescence intensity of NLRP3 in the retina of rats in the NC group,CRI-L group,CRI-M group and CRI-H group was 0.379 4±0.002 2,0.400 7±0.011 4,0.379 0±0.006 9 and 0.377 0±0.007 5,respectively;the fluorescence intensity of Caspase-1 was 0.367 2±0.005 8,0.442 6±0.041 1,0.382 4±0.011 9 and 0.380 6±0.006 5,respectively;the fluorescence intensity of GSDMD was 0.159 5±0.013 4,0.167 5±0.011 9,0.397 6±0.014 3 and 0.377 2±0.022 8,respec-tively.Compared with the NC group,rats in the CRI-L group showed increased fluorescence intensity of NLRP3 and Caspase-1,and rats in the CRI-M and CRI-H showed increased fluorescence intensity of GSDMD(all P＜0.05).The spec-tral comparison revealed that the CRI-H group had a broader spectral coverage and a distribution closer to natural light spectra.Conclusion Conventional LED exposure can induce a decrease in retinal thickness,upregulate the ROS expres-sion in retinal tissues,and increase the expression levels of NLRP3,Caspase-1 and GSDMD.High CRI full-spectrum LEDs can mitigate pyroptosis through the ROS/NLRP3 pathway by optimizing their spectral distribution,offering better biosafety.

Clinicians need to focus on various points in the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia.This article prescribed the treatment protocol based on the unique features,such as insomnia in the elderly,women experiencing specific physiologi-cal periods,children insomnia,insomnia in sleep-breathing disorder patients,insomnia in patients with chronic liver and kidney dysfunction.It pro-vides some reference for clinicians while they make decision on diagnosis,differentiation and treat-ment methods.

Endothelial to mesenchymal transition(EndMT)is a process in which endothelial cells lose their endothelial pheno-type and function and gain mesenchymal phenotype and func-tion.During the embryonic period,EndMT is an essential mech-anism for the development of heart valves,pulmonary arteries and aorta.In recent years,numerous studies have shown that EndMT is also involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis,cardiac fibrosis,pulmonary hypertension,and cerebrovascular malformation.In addition,EndMT is also an important mechanism of other organ fibrosis and tumors.Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)refer to RNAs that are transcribed from the genome but do not translate into proteins.Studies have shown that the abnormal expression of ncRNAs can participate in various diseases by regulating End-MT.Such ncRNAs with regulatory functions mainly include mi-croRNA(miRNA),long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)and cir-cular RNA(circRNA).This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which ncRNAs regulate EndMT in various disea-ses,looking forward to the application prospects of ncRNAs in the treatment of EndMT-related diseases.

AIM To investigate the mechanism of triterpenoids quillaic acid and gypsogenin-3-O-glucuronide from Psammosilene tunicoides on tunicamycin-induced rheumatoid arthritis fibroblasts-like synoviocytes(RA-FLS)via the endoplasmic reticulum pathway.METHODS The research objects of tunicamycin-induced RA-FLS intervened with quillaic acid and gypsogenin-3-O-glucuronide had their cell proliferation activity detected;their level of tumor nerosis factor-α(TNF-α)detected by ELISA;their apoptosis detected by flow cytometry;their cell migration ability detected by Transwell experiment;their expressions of transcription activator 6(ATF-6),glucose regulatory protein 78(GRP78),C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP),cysteine protease protein-12(caspase-12)and anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 protein detected by Western blot;and their mRNA expressions of ATF-6,GRP78 and CHOP detected by RT-qPCR.RESULTS Compared with the model group,each group intervened with quillaic acid or gypsogenin-3-O-glucuronide displayed decreased levels of TNF-α(P＜0.01);weakened cell proliferation and migration ability(P＜0.01);increased apoptosis rate(P＜0.01);decreased protein expressions of ATF-6 and Bcl-2(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and increased protein expressions of CHOP and caspase-12(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).In addition,decreased GRP78 protein expression in the low and medium dose groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);decreased mRNA expression of ATF-6,GRP78(P＜0.01)and increased CHOP mRNA expression(P＜0.01)in the medium dose groups of quillaic acid and gypsogenin-3-O-glucuronide were observed as well.CONCLUSION Quillaic acid and gypsogenin-3-O-glucuronide may play a protective role in rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of RA-FLS,inducing apoptosis and reducing the secretion of related inflammatory factors via endoplasmic reticulum signal pathway.