Hyperuricemia is a chronic metabolic disease caused by purine metabolism disorder or uric acid excretion disorder. The experimental animal model of hyperuricemia is the basis for studying the pathological mechanism and drug treatment of hyperuricemia. This paper reviews the experimental animal models of hyperuricemia commonly used in drug research, and introduces the modeling principle, preparation methods, species selection and related detection techniques of the models, so as to provide reference for the application of such models in research.

This study aimed to provide scientific evidence for predicting quality markers(Q-markers) of Elephantopus scaber by establishing UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber from different geographical origins and determining the content of 13 major components, as well as conducting in vitro anti-cancer activity investigation of the main components. The chromatographic column used was Waters CORTECS UPLC C_(18)(2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.6 μm), and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid solution(gradient elution). The column temperature was set at 30 ℃, and the flow rate was 0.2 mL·min~(-1). The injection volume was 1 μL, and the detection wavelength was 240 nm. The UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber was fitted using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2012 edition) to determine common peaks, evaluate similarity, identify and determine the content of major components. The CCK-8 assay was used to explore the inhibitory effect of the main components on the proliferation of lung cancer cells. The results showed that in the established UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber, 35 common peaks were identified. Thirteen major components, including neochlorogenic acid(peak 1), chlorogenic acid(peak 2), cryptochlorogenic acid(peak 3), caffeic acid(peak 4), schaftoside(peak 6), galuteolin(peak 9), isochlorogenic acid B(peak 10), isochlorogenic acid A(peak 12), isochlorogenic acid C(peak 18), deoxyelephantopin(peak 28), isodeoxyelephantopin(peak 29), isoscabertopin(peak 31), and scabertopin(peak 32) were identified and quantified, and a quantitative analysis method was established. The results of the in vitro anti-cancer activity study showed that deoxyelephantopin, isodeoxyelephantopin, isoscabertopin, and scabertopin in E. scaber exhibited inhibition rates of lung cancer cell proliferation exceeding 80% at a concentration of 10 μmol·L~(-1), higher than the positive drug paclitaxel. These results indicate that the fingerprint of E. scaber is highly characteristic, and the quantitative analysis method is accurate and stable, providing references for the research on quality standards of E. scaber. Four sesquiterpene lactones in E. scaber show significant anti-cancer activity and can serve as Q-markers for E. scaber.
Humans ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Asteraceae/chemistry* ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy*

Objective: To establish a method for the determination of acetylacetone in the air of workplace by gas chromatography. Methods: In August 2020, acetylacetone in the air of workplace was collected by silica gel tube, eluted with methanol, separated and detected by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The detection limit and precision of the method were also analyzed. Results: The linear range of acetylacetone was 1.95-1950.60 μg/ml with the regression equation of y=0.815x-3.667, and the correlation coefficient was 0.99993. The limit of detection of the method was 0.18 μg/ml and the minimum detection concentration was 0.12 mg/m(3) (collected sample volume was 1.50 L). The within-run precisions were 1.08%-4.11% and the between-run precisions were 1.98%-2.80%. The desorption rates were 99.68%-100.45%. The sealed samples could be kept at least 15 days at room temperature without significant loss. Conclusion: The solvent desorption-gas chromatography method for the determination of acetylacetone has good precision, high sensitivity and simple operation, and is suitable for the determination of acetylacetone in the air of the workplace.
Solvents ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis* ; Chromatography, Gas/methods* ; Workplace

Objective TodetecttheCTfindingsofinterstitialpneumoniainacquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome (AIDS)patients andtoanalyzedifferentialdiagnosisofdifferenttypesofinterstitialpneumonia.Methods Atotalof168 AIDSpatientswithinterstitial pneumoniabetweenOctober2016andJune2018 wereretrospectivelystudied.PulmonaryCTfindingsweredescribed.Results Among 168cases,44caseswerediagnosedaspneumocystiscariniipneumonia (PCP),40casesascytomegalovirus(CMV)pneumonia,and 84casesasPCPaccompaniedwithCMVpneumonia.Statisticallysignificantdifferenceswerefoundamong3groupsonsignsofpure groundglassopacity,accompaniedwithdistortedfibrousstripes,andaccompaniedwithconsolidationandmultiplecysts(P＜0.05). PuregroundglassopacitiesweremorelikelytobeseeninPCPpatients,whiledistortedfibrousstripeswerelesslikely,comparedto theothertwogroups.Militarynodules,consolidationandmultiplecystspresentedlessinpatientswithPCPcomparedtopatientswith PCPaccompaniedwithCMVpneumonia.ForPCPpatients,lesionsweremorelikelytobetotallyabsorbedaftertreatment,whilefor patientswithCMVpneumoniaandPCPaccompaniedwithCMVpneumonia,fibrousstripesandemphysema/airsacsweremorelikelyto present.Conclusion CTfindingsofinterstitialpneumoniavaryinAIDSpatients,however,signsofdistortedfibrousstripes,multiple cysts,remainingfibrousstripesandemphysema/airsacsaftertreatmentsuggestco-infectionofCMV.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on body fat redistribution and muscle mass in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 76 patients with body mass indexes (BMI)≥24 kg/m, who had an established diagnosis of T2DM in our department between December, 2014 and September, 2015. We divided these patients according to their BMI in overweight group (BMI of 24-27.9 kg/m, =14), obese group (BMI of 28-31.9 kg/m, =35) and severely obese group (BMI≥32 kg/m, =27). All the patients received treatment with GLP-1RAs (Exenatide or Liraglutide) for 3.0 to 29.0 weeks (mean 8.9 weeks), and their blood glucose, HbA1c and serum lipids were analyzed. For each patient, the fat and muscle masses were analyzed using a human body composition analyzer (JAWON-IOI353, Korea) before and after GLP-1RAs treatment. RESULTS: Treatment with GLP-1RAs significantly decreased BMI and visceral adiposity index (VAI) in all the patients in the 3 groups ( < 0.05). The treatment significantly decreased the body weight in the overweight group and obese group by 2.70 kg (0.60-4.95 kg) and 2.65 kg (1.45-6.40 kg), respectively ( < 0.05), and significantly decreased the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in the overweight group ( < 0.05). The obese and severely obese patients showed significantly decreased percentage body fat (including both subcutaneous and visceral fat) and increased muscle mass after the treatment ( < 0.05). Compared with those in the overweight group, the percentage body fat and VAI were significantly decreased in the obese group after the treatment ( < 0.05), and the percentage of subcutaneous fat reduced and the muscle ratio increased more obviously in the obese and severely obese patients ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GLP-1RAs treatment can significantly lower BMI and improve body fat distribution in obese patients with T2DM, especially in patients with a greater BMI.
Adipose Tissue ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Retrospective Studies

Many clinical studies on Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao have been accumulated since it was launched in 1993,but they have not been comprehensively analyzed and evaluated. This study systematically retrieved relevant studies in six databases at home and abroad as of December 2017. This study analyzed the statistics of the included studies in several aspects,including publication time,region,fund,disease category and type of study. In this study,various tools were used to evaluate the methodological quality of included studies,such as the Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials,MINORS,IHE,AMSTAR2.The results showed that the literatures were mainly published from 2010 to 2011,and a total of 28 projects were financially supported.The most involved disease was arthropathy. The randomized controlled trials were the majority in the included studies,but the quality was low,and most of the literatures didn't report the allocation concealment and blinding. This study comprehensively reflected the current situations and shortcomings of the clinical studies of Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao,and put forward several suggestions,in the expectation of providing a reference for the future clinical research direction of Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao.
Bibliometrics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

AIM:To assess the changes in higher order aberrations after wavefront guided femtosecond laser assisted laser in situ keratomileusis ( FS-LASIK ) for moderate to high astigmatism.?METHODS: Eighty-eight eyes of 50 myopia patients with moderate to high astigmatism were included in this prospective study. There were 51 eyes with moderate astigmatism (≥-1. 50D and <-3. 00D) and 37 eyes with high astigmatism (≥-3. 00D). All patients underwent wavefront guided FS-LASIK. Uncorrected distance visual acuity ( UDVA ) , corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), keratometry, central corneal thickness ( CCT)and higher order aberrations ( HOAs ) were evaluated before operation and 3mo postoperatively.?RESULTS:At the 3mo after operation, the mean UDVA of all eyes was above 20/20, better than before operation (P<0. 05), but CDVA remained unchanged (P=0. 36) and no eyes lost ≥2 lines of CDVA. Mean astigmstism of 85 eyes ( 97％) was reduced below - 1. 00D, mean astigmatism of 70 eyes ( 80％) was reduced below-0.50D(P<0. 05). The average corneal curvature was flatter by 3. 81 ± 1. 97D and CCT was reduced by 78. 66 ± 37. 22μm, postoperatively (P<0. 05). Coma and trefoil aberrations remained unchanged(P=0. 078, 0. 065). The spherical aberration, secondary astigmatism and the HOA root mean square ( RMS ) increased from 0. 19 ± 0. 06, 0.05±0. 02 and 0. 42±0. 12, preoperatively to 0. 32± 0. 17, 0. 26 ± 0. 08 and 0. 78 ± 0. 28 ( P < 0. 05 ), postoperatively.?CONCLUSION: Wavefront-guided FS-LASIK is a safe and effective option for the patients with moderate to high astigmstism although parts of HOAs increased.

Objective To determine the association of articular cartilage (AC) levels of YKL-40 with osteoarthritis (OA) at different stages of symptomatic severity in patients with knee OA.Methods 42 patients with knee OA were recruited into this study.The radiographic disease severity of OA was assessed by the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading system.11 patients with non knee OA were selected as normal control group.AC levels of YKL -40 were explored by immunohistochemical method.Symptomatic severity was determined using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores from OA patients.Results YKL-40 levels in AC were positively related to WOMAC pain,function scores and total scores.WOMAC stiffness scores did not correlated with YKL-40 concentrations in AC.The correlation between AC YKL-40 levels and WOMAC scores was further analyzed by multinomial logistic regression.Multiple regression analysis showed that the correlation between AC YKL-40 levels and WOMAC scores was still significant after adjusting for other confounding factors.AC YKL-40 levels were significantly correlated with K-L grading in patients with knee OA.Conclusions YKL-40 in AC can be used as a potential biomarker for assessing the symptomatic severity of OA.

OBJECTIVETo study the feasibility and clinical efficacy of a minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach in the treatment of Sanders II calcaneus fractures.

METHODSFrom August of 2015 to July of 2016, 13 patients(totally 13 feet) with Sanders II intra-articular calcaneus fractures were treated via the minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach. The Böhler angle, Gissane angle and the length, width and height of calcaneus were compared between pre-operation and post-operation. The AOFAS ankle and foot scoring system of the orthopaedic ankle foot Association was used to evaluate the efficacy.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 to 15 months, with an average of 9.5 months. No incision complications occurred. The Böhler angle was increased from preoperative (18.82±5.11)° to postoperative(26.63±4.45)°(=-4.16,=0.000). The Gissane angle was increased from preoperative(111.07±15.36)° to postoperative (124.56±8.71)° (=-2.75,=0.011). The length, width, height of calcaneus were absolutely improved from preoperative(69.82±5.95) mm, (42.07±3.68) mm, (41.20±3.90) mm to preoperatively(72.61±5.46) mm, (39.10±4.02) mm, (44.03±3.33) mm. According to the AOFAS, 8 patients got an excellent result, 4 good and 1 poor, and the postoperative mean score was 88.2±5.9.

CONCLUSIONSThe limited open sinus tarsi approach could be used successfully to treat displaced Sanders II fractures with less injury and effectively restored the surface of subtalar joint, however the method is not fit for the patients with comminuted fracture in lateral wall and great change in the length, width, height, varus and valgus of calcaneus.

AIM: To investigate whether Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were involved in contrast medium (CM)-induced inflammation and injury in renal tubular epithe-lial cells.METHODS: Iopromide was used to injure NRK-52E cells in the study.The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay.The protein levels of TLR4, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speckle-like protein (ASC), caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blot .The releases of interleukin ( IL )-1βand IL-18 were detected by ELISA .The apoptotic rate was evaluated by Hoechst staining , and mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP) was analyzed by JC-1 staining.siRNA was transfected into the NRK-52E cells to silence NLRP3 expression.RESULTS:CM decreased the viability of NRK-52E cells (P<0.05).CM also elevated the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, TLR4, NLRP3, IL-1βand IL-18 (P<0.05).Silencing NLRP3 attenuated CM-induced releases of inflammatory cytokines .Moreover, treat-ment with TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 or knockdown of NLRP3 by siRNA transfection both attenuated cell apoptosis and loss of MMP caused by CM .CONCLUSION:TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome takes part in the pathogenesis of CM-induced acute kidney injury , and mediates CM-induced injury and inflammation in renal tubular epithelial cells .