Morita therapy has been bom for more than 100 years.Inpatient Morita therapy is highly oper-able and easy to master.It can improve many refractory neuroses through four-stage treatment.But more neuroses are treated in outpatient clinics,and Morita therapy cannot be used in hospitalized patients.Therefore,the formula-tion of expert opinions on outpatient operations is particularly important.This paper is based on domestic and for-eign references,and after many discussions by domestic Morita therapy experts,and then drew up the first version of the expert opinions on operation of outpatient Morita therapy.Meanwhile the operation rule of Morita therapy in three stages of outpatient treatment was formulated:in the etiological analysis stage,under the theoretical guidance of Morita therapy,analyze the pathogenic factors,to improve treatment compliance and reduce resistance;during the operating stage,guide patients to engage in constructive and meaningful actions,realizing the achievement of letting nature take its course principle;in the cultivating character and enriching life stage,pay attention to positive infor-mation,expanding the scope and content of actions,improving the ability to adapt to complex life,and preventing recurrence caused by insufficient abilities.It will lay a foundation for the promotion of Morita therapy in domestic outpatient clinics,so that more patients with neurosis and other psychological diseases could receive characteristic Morita therapy treatment in outpatient clinics.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of brexpiprazole in treating acute schizophrenia.Methods Patients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.The treatment group was given brexpiprozole 2-4 mg·d-1 orally and the control group was given aripiprazole 10-20 mg·d-1orally,both were treated for 6 weeks.Clinical efficacy of the two groups,the response rate at endpoint,the changes from baseline to endpoint of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS),Clinical Global Impression-Improvement(CGI-S),Personal and Social Performance scale(PSP),PANSS Positive syndrome subscale,PANSS negative syndrome subscale were compared.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events in two groups were compared.Results There were 184 patients in treatment group and 186 patients in control group.After treatment,the response rates of treatment group and control group were 79.50％(140 cases/184 cases)and 82.40％(150 cases/186 cases),the scores of CGI-I of treatment group and control group were(2.00±1.20)and(1.90±1.01),with no significant difference(all P＞0.05).From baseline to Week 6,the mean change of PANSS total score wese(-30.70±16.96)points in treatment group and(-32.20±17.00)points in control group,with no significant difference(P＞0.05).The changes of CGI-S scores in treatment group and control group were(-2.00±1.27)and(-1.90±1.22)points,PSP scores were(18.80±14.77)and(19.20±14.55)points,PANSS positive syndrome scores were(-10.30±5.93)and(-10.80±5.81)points,PANSS negative syndrome scores were(-6.80±5.98)and(-7.30±5.15)points,with no significant difference(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of treatment-related adverse events between the two group(69.00％vs.64.50％,P＞0.05).Conclusion The non-inferiority of Brexpiprazole to aripiprazole was established,with comparable efficacy and acceptability.

Objective To investigate the renal protective effect and mechanism of sodium acetate(Ace)on hyperuricemic nephropathy(HN)in mice.Methods Uric acid nephropathy mice model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate combined with adenine gavage.Mice were divided into blank control group(0.9％NaCl+0.5％carboxymethyl cellulose sodium),Ace group(200 mmol·L-1 Ace+0.5％carboxymethyl cellulose sodium),model group(0.9％NaCl+350 mg·kg-1 potassium oxonate+70 mg·kg-1 adenine),and experimental group(based on model group with additional 200 mmol·L-1 Ace).Serum and urine uric acid(UA)and serum creatinine(SCr)levels were observed in each group.Real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression levels of kidney injury molecule-1(Kim-1)and anti-aging gene Klotho,renal fibrosis markers Collagen Ⅰ and Fibronectin,intestinal inflammation-related factors interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β),and mRNA expression levels of tight junction proteins Zo-1.Results The serum UA levels of blank control group,Ace group,model group,and experimental group mice were(259.52±24.40),(227.71±35.91),(604.06±73.55),and(496.24±30.16)μmol·L-1,respectively;SCr levels were(16.85±0.40),(16.18±0.94),(22.38±1.56),and(19.78±1.43)μmol·L-1;Kim-1 mRNA relative expression levels were 1.04±0.25,1.17±0.28,13.00±2.87,and 4.24±3.92;Klotho mRNA relative expression levels were 1.04±0.15,1.02±0.18,0.43±0.12,and 0.69±0.12;Collagen Ⅰ mRNA relative expression levels were 1.05±0.15,1.02±0.18,3.19±1.09,and 1.61±0.55;Fibronectin mRNA relative expression levels were 1.07±0.18,1.02±0.25,7.86±2.40,and 3.34±2.10;intestinal IL-1β mRNA relative expression levels were 1.00±0.01,1.01±0.03,2.55±0.63,and 1.21±0.28;intestinal Zo-1 mRNA relative expression levels were 1.00±0.07,1.07±0.09,0.54±0.20,and 0.92±0.17.The above indicators in blank control group compared with model group,and experimental group compared with model group,all showed statistically significant differences(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Conclusion Sodium acetate can effectively reduce UA levels in HN mice,significantly improve renal injury and fibrosis,and its mechanism may be related to the improvement of intestinal inflammatory response and up-regulation of intestinal Zo-1/Occuludin pathway to reduce intestinal mucosal permeability.

An integrated evaluation model based on the combination of traditional trait identification and modern chemical analysis was used for the identification of key indexes of grade classification and the establishment of grade quality standard of Lycium barbarum fruits (LBF) from Ningxia genuine producing area. Under the guidance of herbal examination and market survey, particle size, skin color and imperfection were taken as the external trait indicators; focusing on the comprehensiveness and validity of the quality evaluation, 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG), zeaxanthin dipalmitate (ZD) and volatile ether extractives were used as important parameters involving in quality evaluation in addition to the pharmacopoeia test items and determination indicators such as moisture, ash, water-soluble extractives, Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) and betaine. The quality differences between different traits and grades of LBF as well as the relevance between character and quality were further investigated by mathematical and statistical means such as t-test analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the activities of extractives from different grades of LBF were compared at cellular level. The results showed that LBF were mainly preferred for large and red ones; except for betaine, the other index components were relatively high (moisture and ash were low) in the first-grade and samples with bright-red skin color. Besides, there was a significant correlation between skin color and moisture, water-soluble extractives, LBP, AA-2βG and ZD contents. Considering the results of the study and the market situation, the present study took the grain size and skin color of LBF as the core of evaluation, and at the same time introduced the multi-indicator components including LBP, AA-2βG, ZD, water-soluble extractives and moisture to further guide the grading, and established the quality standard of LBF grades combining the trait indexes and the chemical composition. More importantly, in vitro cell models both preliminarily confirmed that the first-grade LBF played a more significant "nourishing liver and kidney" effect, which provided an experimental basis for the quality control of LBF and promoted the realization of high quality and good price.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) in Bozidun Kirghiz township of Xinjiang Aksu region, and to explore the risk factors for the occurrence of HUA in the local area.Methods:A cross-sectional survey study was conducted by randomly selecting 9 villages in Bozidun Kirgiz Township by the whole-group sampling method and questionnaire were distributed to the households. The questionnaire included: demographic information, history of past illness, personal history, and all subjects were measured for height, weight, blood pressure, abdominal circumference, etc. The diagnostic of HUA if the serum uric acid (SUA) level >420 μmol/L in men or >360 μmol/L in women. The incidences of HUA in different age, sex, food type and life style behavior were analyzed. T test, non-parametric test and Chi-square test were used to analyze the differences among the groups, and logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors. Results:①A total of 2 138 subjects were surveyed, among which 68 patients were with HUA, the prevalence of HUA in Bozidun Kirghiz township, Aksu region in the general population was 3.18%(68/2 138); the prevalence rate in men was 4.60%(45/978), 45 patients were identified; and the prevalence rate in women was 1.98%(23/1 160), 23 patients were identified. The peak age of HUA in male and female patients was 51~60 years old. ②The prevalence of HUA was lower in those who consumed dairy products ( χ2=6.91, P=0.017), nuts ( χ2=8.43, P=0.038) and eggs ( χ2=7.38, P=0.023), and lower in those who consumed more. Different intake of cereals ( χ2=0.87, P=0.647), meat( χ2=0.82, P=0.662), vegetables and fruits( χ2=5.22, P=0.073) had no effect on the prevalence of HUA.③In terms of different life behaviors, the prevalence of HUA in men who had been smoking was higher than those who had never smoked (57.78%, 28.89%, 13.33%, χ2=8.16, P=0.017). In the relationship between drinking and HUA, the prevalence rates of male always drinking, ever drinking and never drinking were 80.00%, 11.11% and 3.89%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6.67, P=0.038). ④Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that high BMI, old age, high TG, increased Cr and increased WBC were risk factors for the occurrence of HUA [ OR(95% CI)=1.13(1.04, 1.23), 1.03(1.00,1.05),1.39(1.00, 1.93), 1.03(1.02, 1.05), 1.27(1.07, 1.49), all P<0.05]. Conclusion:The prevalence of HUA in Bozidun Kirgiz township in Aksu prefecture of Xinjiang is lower than that in other areas with continental climate. High BMI, old age, high TG, increased Cr and increased WBC count are risk factors for the development of HUA .

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis(PM),and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)isolates in Chinese children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information,laboratory data,and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.Results Among the 160 children with PM,there were 103 males and 57 females.The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years,with 109 cases(68.1% )aged 3 months to under 3 years.SP strains were isolated from 95 cases(59.4% )in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases(35.6% )in blood cultures.The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87)and 27% (21/78),respectively.Fifty-five cases(34.4% )had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis,113 cases(70.6% )had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci,and 18 cases(11.3% )had underlying diseases.The most common clinical symptoms were fever(147 cases,91.9% ),followed by lethargy(98 cases,61.3% )and vomiting(61 cases,38.1% ).Sixty-nine cases(43.1% )experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization,with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication[43 cases(26.9% )],followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases(15.0% ),brain abscess in 23 cases(14.4% ),and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases(5.0% ).Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old,with rates of 91% (39/43)and 83% (20/24),respectively.SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin(100% ,75/75),linezolid(100% ,56/56),and meropenem(100% ,6/6).High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin(81% ,22/27),moxifloxacin(82% ,14/17),rifampicin(96% ,25/26),and chloramphenicol(91% ,21/23).However,low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin(16% ,11/68)and clindamycin(6% ,1/17),and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin(100% ,31/31).The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160)and 66.2% (106/160),respectively,while 18 cases(11.3% )had adverse outcomes.Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years.Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old.Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM,and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications.Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates.Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases.SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin,linezolid,meropenem,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,and chloramphenicol.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):131-138]

Objective:To investigate the expression level and application value of anti-carbamylated protein(CarP)antibody in rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:Demographic data and laboratory test results of RA patients,non-RA patients and healthy controls in the physical examination center were re-viewed from December 2018 to June 2019 in the Rheumatology and Immunology Department of the Peo-ple's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.The serum concentrations of anti-CarP antibodies in all the subjects were measured by ELISA and statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 259 subjects were included in this study,including 158 in the RA group(45 serum-negative RA patients),59 in the non-RA group and 42 in the healthy control group.The concentration of anti-CarP antibody in RA group[8.31(5.22,15.26)U/mL]was higher than that in non-RA group[4.50(3.35,5.89)U/mL]and healthy control group[3.46(2.76,4.92)U/mL].The concentration of anti-CarP antibody in non-RA group was not significantly different from that in healthy control group(P=0.10).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed that the sensitivity of anti-CarP antibody in the diagnosis of RA was 58.2％,and the specificity was 93.1％.The sensitivity of the combined detection of anti-CarP antibody,anti-cyclic peptide containing citrulline(CCP)antibody and rheumatoid factor(RF)was 82.3％,and the specificity was 96.5％.The positive rate of anti-CarP antibody in serum-negative RA patients was 44.4％(20/45).Univariate Logisitic regression analysis showed that age,C-reactive pro-tein(CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),RF,glucose-6-phosphate isomerase(GPI),anti-CCP antibody and anti-CarP antibody were risk factors for RA.Multivariate Logisitic regression analysis showed that anti-CCP antibody and anti-CarP antibody were independent risk factors for RA.Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between anti-CarP antibody and swol-len joint count(SJC),tenderness joints count(TJC),ESR,disease activity score for 28 joints(DAS28),clinical disease activity index(CDAI),simplified disease activity index(SDAI).The concentration of anti-CarP antibody in RA with bone erosion(n=88)was higher than that in RA without bone erosion(n=70),and there was significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Anti-CarP antibody is an effective serological marker for the diagnosis of RA.The combined detection of RF,anti-CCP antibody and anti-CarP antibody can improve its diagnostic value,and anti-CarP antibody may be an effective assistant diagnostic tool for serum negative RA.The high serum concentration of anti-CarP antibody in patients with RA may indicate an increased risk of bone erosion and should be treated early,but further cohort studies are needed for follow-up observation.

Objective:To perform molecular diagnosis and pedigree analysis for one case with α-thalassemia who does not conform to the genetic laws,and explore the effects of a newly discovered rare mutation(HBA2:c.*12G＞A)on clinical phenotypes.Methods:Blood samples of the proband and her family members were collected for blood routine analysis,and the hemoglobin components were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis.The common α-and β-globin gene loci in Chinese population were detected by conventional techniques(Gap-PCR,RDB-PCR).The α-globin gene sequences(HBA1,HBA2)were analyzed by Sanger sequencing.Results:By analyzing the test results of proband and her family members,the genotype of the proband was-α3,7/HBA2:c.*12G＞A,her father was HBA2:c.*12G＞A heterozygous mutation carrier.Conclusion:This study identifies a rare α-globin gene mutation(HBA2:c.*12G＞A)that has not been reported before.It is found that heterozygous mutation carriers present with static α-thalassemia.

Animals ; Rats ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis