Background and Objectives: There is no dedicated occlusive device for closing coronary artery fistulas (CAFs), and specific efficacy and safety data of various off-label occlusive devices for CAFs closure are scarce. Methods: Patients undergoing transcatheter closure of CAFs from January 2011 to December 2022 were included in the single-center retrospective study. The study population was divided into 2 groups: coils group (n=35) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occluders group (n=66). Results: No significant intergroup differences were observed in demographic characteristics except age. The presence of multiple CAF origins (54.3% vs. 4.5%, p<0.001) and multiple draining sites (51.4% vs. 3.0%, p<0.001) were more common in the coils group. In contrast, the presence of aneurysm (72.7% vs. 14.3%, p<0.001), and large fistula (75.8% vs. 37.1%, p<0.001) were more prevalent in the PDA occluders group. The acute procedural success rate of the PDA occluders group was higher compared to that of the coils group (87.9% vs.62.9%, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.59–32.64; p=0.01).In addition, no significant intergroup differences were noted in both the recanalization rate (7.8% vs. 20%, p=0.107) and the reintervention rate (3.1% vs. 8.6%, p=0.342). Conclusions Transcatheter closure of CAFs using PDA occluders was associated with significantly higher acute procedural success rates compared to coil embolization with comparable late outcomes.

Background and Objectives: There is no dedicated occlusive device for closing coronary artery fistulas (CAFs), and specific efficacy and safety data of various off-label occlusive devices for CAFs closure are scarce. Methods: Patients undergoing transcatheter closure of CAFs from January 2011 to December 2022 were included in the single-center retrospective study. The study population was divided into 2 groups: coils group (n=35) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occluders group (n=66). Results: No significant intergroup differences were observed in demographic characteristics except age. The presence of multiple CAF origins (54.3% vs. 4.5%, p<0.001) and multiple draining sites (51.4% vs. 3.0%, p<0.001) were more common in the coils group. In contrast, the presence of aneurysm (72.7% vs. 14.3%, p<0.001), and large fistula (75.8% vs. 37.1%, p<0.001) were more prevalent in the PDA occluders group. The acute procedural success rate of the PDA occluders group was higher compared to that of the coils group (87.9% vs.62.9%, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.59–32.64; p=0.01).In addition, no significant intergroup differences were noted in both the recanalization rate (7.8% vs. 20%, p=0.107) and the reintervention rate (3.1% vs. 8.6%, p=0.342). Conclusions Transcatheter closure of CAFs using PDA occluders was associated with significantly higher acute procedural success rates compared to coil embolization with comparable late outcomes.

Background and Objectives: There is no dedicated occlusive device for closing coronary artery fistulas (CAFs), and specific efficacy and safety data of various off-label occlusive devices for CAFs closure are scarce. Methods: Patients undergoing transcatheter closure of CAFs from January 2011 to December 2022 were included in the single-center retrospective study. The study population was divided into 2 groups: coils group (n=35) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occluders group (n=66). Results: No significant intergroup differences were observed in demographic characteristics except age. The presence of multiple CAF origins (54.3% vs. 4.5%, p<0.001) and multiple draining sites (51.4% vs. 3.0%, p<0.001) were more common in the coils group. In contrast, the presence of aneurysm (72.7% vs. 14.3%, p<0.001), and large fistula (75.8% vs. 37.1%, p<0.001) were more prevalent in the PDA occluders group. The acute procedural success rate of the PDA occluders group was higher compared to that of the coils group (87.9% vs.62.9%, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.59–32.64; p=0.01).In addition, no significant intergroup differences were noted in both the recanalization rate (7.8% vs. 20%, p=0.107) and the reintervention rate (3.1% vs. 8.6%, p=0.342). Conclusions Transcatheter closure of CAFs using PDA occluders was associated with significantly higher acute procedural success rates compared to coil embolization with comparable late outcomes.

Background and Objectives: There is no dedicated occlusive device for closing coronary artery fistulas (CAFs), and specific efficacy and safety data of various off-label occlusive devices for CAFs closure are scarce. Methods: Patients undergoing transcatheter closure of CAFs from January 2011 to December 2022 were included in the single-center retrospective study. The study population was divided into 2 groups: coils group (n=35) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occluders group (n=66). Results: No significant intergroup differences were observed in demographic characteristics except age. The presence of multiple CAF origins (54.3% vs. 4.5%, p<0.001) and multiple draining sites (51.4% vs. 3.0%, p<0.001) were more common in the coils group. In contrast, the presence of aneurysm (72.7% vs. 14.3%, p<0.001), and large fistula (75.8% vs. 37.1%, p<0.001) were more prevalent in the PDA occluders group. The acute procedural success rate of the PDA occluders group was higher compared to that of the coils group (87.9% vs.62.9%, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.59–32.64; p=0.01).In addition, no significant intergroup differences were noted in both the recanalization rate (7.8% vs. 20%, p=0.107) and the reintervention rate (3.1% vs. 8.6%, p=0.342). Conclusions Transcatheter closure of CAFs using PDA occluders was associated with significantly higher acute procedural success rates compared to coil embolization with comparable late outcomes.

Objective To analyze the metabolic changes of myocardial tissue in rats under acute exposure to macleaya cordata by gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS),explore forensic identifications of its characteristic metabolites,and verify its toxicological mechanism in poisoning cases.Methods The rats in the exposure group were given 382 mg/kg macleaya extract solution by gavage,and the rats in the control group were given the same dose of solvent.The myocardial samples were analyzed by GC-MS,and pattern recognition was conducted through partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLSDA).The differential metabolites with characteristic changes were identified by variable importance projection(VIP value＞1)and Student's t test(P＜0.01).Results Compared with the control group,21 potential characteristic metabolites were identified.Through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,it was found that these metabolites were mainly involved in the pathways of glycine,serine and threonine metabolism;pyruvate metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism.Conclusion Through the study of myocardial metabolism in rats exposed to macleaya cordata,we found the information on metabolites closely related to poisoning,which provides new insight and reference for studies on the mechanisms of macleaya cordata poisoning in the field of forensic medicine.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for portal hypertension, which should aid the development of TIPS in China.Methods:The China Portal Hypertension Alliance (CHESS) initiated this study that comprehensively investigated the basic situation of TIPS for portal hypertension in China through network research. The survey included the following: the number of surgical cases, main indications, the development of Early-TIPS, TIPS for portal vein cavernous transformation, collateral circulation embolization, intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurement, commonly used stent types, conventional anticoagulation and time, postoperative follow-up, obstacles, and the application of domestic instruments.Results:According to the survey, a total of 13 527 TIPS operations were carried out in 545 hospitals participating in the survey in 2021, and 94.1% of the hospital had the habit of routine follow-up after TIPS. Most hospitals believed that the main indications of TIPS were the control of acute bleeding (42.6%) and the prevention of rebleeding (40.7%). 48.1% of the teams carried out early or priority TIPS, 53.0% of the teams carried out TIPS for the cavernous transformation of the portal vein, and 81.0% chose routine embolization of collateral circulation during operation. Most of them used coils and biological glue as embolic materials, and 78.5% of the team routinely performed intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurements. In selecting TIPS stents, 57.1% of the hospitals woulel choose Viator-specific stents, 57.2% woulel choose conventional anticoagulation after TIPS, and the duration of anticoagulation was between 3-6 months (55.4%). The limitation of TIPS surgery was mainly due to cost (72.3%) and insufficient understanding of doctors in related departments (77.4%). Most teams accepted the domestic instruments used in TIPS (92.7%).Conclusions:This survey shows that TIPS treatment is an essential part of treating portal hypertension in China. The total number of TIPS cases is far from that of patients with portal hypertension. In the future, it is still necessary to popularize TIPS technology and further standardize surgical indications, routine operations, and instrument application.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of erianin （ERI） on the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） and its mechanism. METHODS PCOS rat model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone， and the successfully constructed rats were randomly divided into PCOS group， ERI low-dose， medium- dose and high-dose groups （10， 20， 40 mg/kg） and ERI high dose + verteporfin group （40 mg/kg ERI + 10 mg/kg verteporfin）， with 10 rats in each group. Another 10 normal rats were selected as the normal group. Rats in each administration group were given corresponding dose of ERI and/or intraperitoneal injection of vitiporfin， and rats in the PCOS group and normal group were orally administered an equal volume of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide， once a day， for 6 consecutive weeks. After administration， the body weight， fasting blood glucose （FPG）， serum levels of estradiol （E2）， testosterone （T）， follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） were detected in each group； morphological changes in ovarian tissue were observed， and the apoptosis of ovarian tissue cells was analyzed. Apoptosis-associated proteins [B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）， Caspase-3] and Hippo-YAP signaling pathway associated proteins [large tumor suppressor kinase 1 （LATS1）， phosphorylated LATS1 （p-LATS1） and Yes associated protein （YAP）， phosphorylated YAP （p-YAP）， transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif （TAZ）] were detected in ovarian tissue. RESULTS Compared with PCOS group， the ovarian polycystic characteristics of the ERI low-dose， medium-dose，and high-dose groups were reduced， the number of atretic follicles was reduced， and the granulosa cell layer was thickened； the body mass， FPG， T， LH， LH/FSH， the number of cystic follicles， cell apoptosis index， protein expressions of Bax， Caspase-3， p-LATS1 and p-YAP were greatly decreased （P＜0.05）； the number of corpus luteum， protein expressions of E2， Bcl-2， LATS1， YAP and TAZ were greatly increased （P＜0.05）. Compared with ERI high-dose group， the above indexes in ERI high-dose + vitiporfin group were inhibited （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ERI can promote the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells and improve the level of sex hormones in PCOS rats， and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of erianin （ERI） on the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） and its mechanism. METHODS PCOS rat model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone， and the successfully constructed rats were randomly divided into PCOS group， ERI low-dose， medium- dose and high-dose groups （10， 20， 40 mg/kg） and ERI high dose + verteporfin group （40 mg/kg ERI + 10 mg/kg verteporfin）， with 10 rats in each group. Another 10 normal rats were selected as the normal group. Rats in each administration group were given corresponding dose of ERI and/or intraperitoneal injection of vitiporfin， and rats in the PCOS group and normal group were orally administered an equal volume of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide， once a day， for 6 consecutive weeks. After administration， the body weight， fasting blood glucose （FPG）， serum levels of estradiol （E2）， testosterone （T）， follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） were detected in each group； morphological changes in ovarian tissue were observed， and the apoptosis of ovarian tissue cells was analyzed. Apoptosis-associated proteins [B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）， Caspase-3] and Hippo-YAP signaling pathway associated proteins [large tumor suppressor kinase 1 （LATS1）， phosphorylated LATS1 （p-LATS1） and Yes associated protein （YAP）， phosphorylated YAP （p-YAP）， transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif （TAZ）] were detected in ovarian tissue. RESULTS Compared with PCOS group， the ovarian polycystic characteristics of the ERI low-dose， medium-dose，and high-dose groups were reduced， the number of atretic follicles was reduced， and the granulosa cell layer was thickened； the body mass， FPG， T， LH， LH/FSH， the number of cystic follicles， cell apoptosis index， protein expressions of Bax， Caspase-3， p-LATS1 and p-YAP were greatly decreased （P＜0.05）； the number of corpus luteum， protein expressions of E2， Bcl-2， LATS1， YAP and TAZ were greatly increased （P＜0.05）. Compared with ERI high-dose group， the above indexes in ERI high-dose + vitiporfin group were inhibited （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ERI can promote the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells and improve the level of sex hormones in PCOS rats， and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway.

Three-dimensional ordered porous carbon materials exhibit potential application prospects as excellent drug supports in drug delivery systems due to their high specific surface area, tunable pore structure, and excellent biocompatibility. In this study, three-dimensional ordered porous carbon materials were prepared using Acanthopanax senticosus herbal residues as raw material and KOH as activating agent through a one-step pyrolysis method. The prepared carbon-based material was systematically characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N₂ adsorption-desorption and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the three-dimensional ordered porous carbon materials prepared with KOH as the activator via pyrolysis possess abundant functional groups, high porosity, and high specific surface area, with a specific surface area of 1 471.6 m²·g^-1. The three-dimensional ordered porous carbon materials prepared at 800 ℃ exhibits a high drug loading capacity (78.0%) and drug release rate (86.8%) for 5-fluorouracil. Three-dimensional orderly porous carbon materials show significant application advantages in drug construction, and their high specific surface area and adjustable pore size structure significantly improve the drug load rate and drug release rate, providing a solid foundation for the development of efficient and accurate drug delivery system.

Objective To analyze and compare the change of disease burden attributed to high temperature in the Chinese population in 2019 compared with 1990. Methods Based on the global burden of disease study data in 2019, the number of deaths, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and DALY rate attributable to high temperature in Chinese population of different ages and genders in 1990 and 2019 were extracted to analyze the changing trend of disease burden attributable to high temperature exposure in Chinese population and its main causes. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of changes in standardized attributable DALY rates. Results Compared with 1990, the number of disease deaths attributable to high temperature in China in 2019 increased from 10 700 to 13 900, and the attributable DALY decreased from 532,200 to 276 100 person-years. The standardized mortality and DALY rates decreased by 35.25% and 65.20%, respectively. The burden attributable to high temperature was higher in males than in females, and the burden was relatively heavier in the population aged 70 and above. In 2019, chronic non-communicable diseases were the main cause of the attributable burden of high temperature exposure, and ischemic heart disease had the highest DALY burden, with an age-standardized DALY rate of 4.64/100 000. Conclusion The absolute death burden attributable to high temperature exposure in Chinese population is still increasing. It is necessary to pay more attention to high-risk groups such as men and the elderly, continue to strengthen environmental protection, and formulate relevant interventions in a targeted way to further reduce the disease burden caused by high temperature exposure.