Objective: To understand classroom environmental conditions and their association with spinal curvature abnormalities among students of primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a basis for formulating school health policies and scientific prevention and control measures for abnormal spinal curvature in students. Methods: Using a stratified random sampling method, 471 schools (2 811 classrooms) were selected annually across the province from 2022 to 2024 in order to monitor and evaluate classroom environment according to national standards. Spinal examinations were conducted for 196 606 (2022), 194 876 (2023), and 195 048 (2024) students, and χ 2 test was used to analyze the correlation of desk and chair compliance with student spinal curvature abnormalities. Results: The qualified rates of classroom blackboard illuminance uniformity ( 85.41 %) and the blackboard size (82.24%) were the highest in primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province, while the average blackboard surface illumination qualified rate (20.10%) was the lowest. The average desk illumination (50.11%-58.63%), desk illumination uniformity (61.92%-72.27%) and qualified noise rate (50.04%-51.94%) increased significantly in 3 years; in addition, the compliance rate of desks and chairs decreased from 25.00% to 13.52%, and the differences were all statistically significant ( χ 2=42.48, 80.93, 46.09, 129.72, all P <0.05). Middle school classrooms outperformed primary schools in terms of per capita area, average blackboard illuminance, blackboard illuminance uniformity, average desktop illuminance, desktop illuminance uniformity, and noise compliance ( χ 2=311.55, 12.41, 20.64, 40.76, 10.25, 52.47), but had lower compliance for blackboard size and reflectance ( χ 2=537.29, 7.59) (all P <0.01). Urban schools had higher compliance than suburban schools for per capita area, average blackboard illuminance, average desktop illuminance, and desktop illuminance uniformity ( χ 2=73.71, 17.68, 29.30 , 36.03), but lower compliance for desk-chair suitability, blackboard size, and blackboard reflectance ( χ 2=4.72, 26.02, 5.43 ) (all P <0.05). The spinal curvature abnormality detection rate was 0.83%. A significant association was found between abnormality detection and desk-chair non compliance ( χ 2=223.85, P <0.01). Conclusions Classroom environment hygiene in Guizhou schools is suboptimal. Strengthening school environmental hygiene infrastructure and greater attention to its impact on student s health are essential.

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of abnormalities spinal curvature among children and adolescents in Karst landform in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted comprehensive intervention. Methods: From September to December 2023, 194 875 children and adolescents aged 6-18 were selected from all countieldistricts of 9 cities (prefectures) in Guizhou Province by stratified random cluster sampling method according to the proportion of Karst landform area in Guizhou Province for carrying out spinal curvature abnormality screening, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on 139 449 students in the fourth grade and above of primary school. Binary Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results: The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature among children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Guizhou Province was 1.13%. The detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature in areas with a high proportion of Karst landform, areas with a low proportion of Karst landform, intercalation areas, and nonKarst landform areas were 1.10%, 2.00%, 0.90%, and 0.60%, respectively. Among them, the detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature in female students (2.40%, 1.60%, 0.90%) in areas with a low proportion of Karst landform, intercalation areas and nonKarst landform were higher than those in male students (1.60%, 0.10%, 0.30) (χ2=12.66, 112.69, 30.22, all P<0.05). The detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature among senior high school students (2.00%, 4.30%, 1.40%, 1.30%) in different Karst landform distributions were successively higher than those among junior high school students (1.40%, 3.20%, 1.00%, 0.60%) and primary school students (0.70%, 0.80%, 0.60%, 0.30%) (χ2=306.11, 175.80, 14.24, 39.57, all P<0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the detection rates of abnormal spinal curvature in both highproportion and lowproportion Karst landform areas were higher than those in nonKarst landform areas [OR(95%CI)=1.84(1.05-2.25), 1.60(1.23-2.09), both P<0.05]. Conclusion The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature in children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Guizhou Province is related to the distribution of Karst landform, so it is necessary to strengthen screening and appropriate comprehensive interventions.

[摘 要] 目的：探究肺癌磷酸甘油酸变位酶1（PGAM1）对肺癌LLC细胞增殖和迁移的调控作用，以及PGAM1对肿瘤微环境中CD8+ T细胞功能和浸润的影响。方法：将shPGAM1及shNC慢病毒感染LLC细胞，筛选稳定细胞，分别命名为shPGAM1组和NC组，WB和qPCR法检测两组细胞中PGAM1蛋白和mRNA的表达水平。CCK-8法和实时细胞分析仪检测敲低PGAM1对LLC细胞增殖和迁移的影响；流式细胞术检测与两组细胞分别体外共培养后CD8+ T细胞功能性受体（TIM-3、PD-1、GrzmB、Ki67）表达的变化。构建小鼠肺癌LLC细胞皮下移植瘤模型，监测PGAM1表达对肿瘤生长的影响，通过流式细胞术检测敲低PGAM1对肿瘤微环境中CD8+ T细胞浸润的影响。结果：shPGAM1组细胞中PGAM1蛋白和mRNA表达水平较NC组均显著降低。敲低PGAM1可降低LLC细胞的增殖和迁移能力（Ρ < 0.000 1或Ρ < 0.05）。与shPGAM1组细胞共培养后，CD8+ T细胞的耗竭标志物（TIM-3、PD-1）表达均降低（Ρ < 0.000 1或Ρ < 0.01）。敲低PGAM1后肿瘤生长受到显著抑制，且肿瘤组织中CD8+ T细胞浸润增加（Ρ <0.000 1）。结论：靶向敲低PGAM1可抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移，降低CD8⁺ T细胞耗竭标志物的表达及促进肿瘤内T细胞浸润，双重调控肿瘤生长与抗肿瘤免疫。

Objective To explore the plasma-activated medium(PAM)produced by low temperature plasma(LTP)on the proliferation and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)so as to provide theoretical basis for the future use of PAM to promote wound healing and inhibit tumor angiogenesis.Methods HUVECs were selected as the in vitro research model.The PAM-containing medium after LTP treatment for different time points(0 s,15 s,30 s,45 s,60 s,and 75 s)was used for intervention.The influence of PAM on HUVECs viability was assessed using the MTT assay and cell cycle analysis.The effects of PAM on angiogenesis were examined through angiogenesis experiments.Intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)were measured using fluorescence probes.A melanoma mouse model was established,and CD31 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results As the treatment time increased,the intracellular levels of ROS also elevated.PAM derived from LTP exhibited a bidirectional effect on angiogenesis in HUVECs.Compared to the control group(0 s),low-dose treatments(15 s and 30 s)enhanced HUVECs viability,while high-dose treatments(45 s,60 s,and 75 s)significantly decreased cell viability(P＜0.05).The proportion of HUVECs in the S phase was significantly increased in the PAM-15 s and PAM-30 s groups,but markedly decreased in the PAM-45 s,PAM-60 s,and PAM-75 s groups,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The HUVECs tube formation ability was enhanced in the 15 s and 30 s PAM groups,but diminished in the PAM-45 s,PAM-60 s,and PAM-75 s groups,characterized by the decreased numbers of vascular nodes,intersections,meshes,and branching points(P＜0.05).After PAM treatment in the melanoma mouse model,the control group exhibited widespread distribution of CD31 in tumor tissue,while the PAM-5 min and PAM-10 min groups displayed reduced distribution of CD31.Conclusion Short-term exposure to PAM enhances HUVECs proliferation and angiogenesis,whereas prolonged exposure suppresses cell viability and inhibits angiogenesis.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To explore the application effect of memory clock-in mode to promote the quality of pre class memory in hybrid teaching.Methods:Total 778 nursing students were selected as research objects,and divided into control group and observation group.Control group memorized according to the learning requirements before the general class,observation group participated in memory punching on the basis of control group.The final examination scores,memory frequency and memory difficulty of the subjects were com-pared between the two groups,then investigate the satisfaction of memory clock.Results:Final examination score of observation group was higher than that of control group(P<0.05);the number of weekly memory in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the length of each memory between observation group and control group(P>0.05);difficulty of subjective perception and memory in observation group was lower than that in control group(P<0.05);students who participated in the whole process of clock in memory were more satisfied with knowledge grid memory than those who did not participate in the whole process of clock in memory(P<0.05).Conclusion:The memory punch in mode improves the pre class memory quality of the hybrid teaching of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology.

【Objective】 Escherichia coli phage (ECP) and Staphylococcus aureus phage (SAP) isolated from sewage were used as research objects, and their biological characteristics were analyzed to provide new experimental materials for the application of phages. 【Methods】 ECP and SAP were purified and cultured by double-layer agar method. Then a series of biological characteristics of these two phages were preliminarily analyzed by electron microscope observation, optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) test, one-step growth curve test, temperature, pH, chloroform and ultraviolet sensitivity tests, respectively. 【Results】 The results of biological characteristics showed that ECP and SAP were both virulent phages, belonging to myoviridac family. Their optimal MOI was 10^-1, and they had strong resistance to ultraviolet light. The cleavage volume of ECP was 76.3 PFU/cell, while that of SAP was 8.3 PFU/cell. ECP had a wide range of temperature tolerance and could stably survive at 30-50 ℃, while SAP was more sensitive to temperature and could be completely inactivated at 50 ℃ for 1 h. ECP could maintain a good lysis activity in the range of pH 5-11, while SAP in the range of pH 6-9. ECP had strong resistance to chloroform and was non-membranous phage, while SAP was more sensitive to chloroform and was a membranous phage. 【Conclusion】 ECP and SAP are both virulent phages and have strong resistance to ultraviolet light. The lysability, temperature, pH, and chloroform tolerance of ECP are stronger than those of SAP.

Since the global COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infection, which causes COVID-19, has been associated with a range of diseases whose atypical manifestations have been increasingly reported. The mild encephalitis or encephalopathy associated with reversible corpus callosum lesions or mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a rare clinical and radiographic syndrome. At present, the pathogenesis of MERS caused by COVID-19 is still unclear, and its pathogenesis may include hypoxic damage, inflammatory response, immune disorders, changes in osmotic pressure, excitatory amino acid toxicity, oxidative stress and functional abnormalities of renin-angiotensin system. This paper reports a case of severe COVID-19 complicated with MERS, and discusses the pathogenesis from a pathophysiological point of view.

Objective:To explore clinical value of nucleic acid detection for hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening in hospitalized patients.Methods:This cross-sectional study collected and analyzed plasma samples from patients admitted to 10 domestic medical institutions from July 2021 to December 2021. Serological immunoassay and nucleic acid screening were used to simultaneously detect hepatitis B markers such as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb), hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb),and HBV DNA. Statistical analysis was performed on the serology, nucleic acid test results and clinical information of the patients.Results:Of the 8 655 collected samples, HBsAg was positive in 216 (2.50%) samples,HBV DNA was positive in 238 (2.75%) samples ( P>0.05); 210 (2.43%) samples were positive for both HBsAg and HBV DNA, 28 (0.32%) were HBsAg negative and HBV DNA positive, 6 cases (0.07%) were HBsAg positive and HBV DNA negative. Conclusion:These results indicate that the HBV DNA testing is equally effective as hepatitis B virus serological detection for hepatitis B virus screening in hospitalized patients.

Objective:This multi-centre study was conducted to assess the efficacy of various preoperative/pre-transfusion screening methods for blood transmitted disease.Methods:From July 2021 to December 2021, plasma samples of patients admitted to 10 hospitals were collected for screening preoperative/pre-transfusion blood transmitted disease. Nucleic acid detection technology was used to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)(1+2) RNA, and the results were compared with the immuno-serological methods. χ 2 test and Kappa test were used to analyze the efficacy of these two methods. Results:A total of 8 655 valid specimens were collected from 10 hospitals. There was a statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate of HCV between the two methods ( P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the positive detection rate of HBV and HIV assessed by the two methods ( P>0.05), but the number of positive cases detected by HBV DNA and HIV RNA (218 and 4 cases) was significantly higher than the corresponding serological results (216 and 2 cases). At the same time, there were HBV, HCV and HIV immuno-serological omissions by the immuno-serological methods, among which 28 cases were HBsAg negative and HBV DNA positive, 2 cases were HCV antibody negative and HCV RNA positive, and 2 cases were HIV antigen/antibody negative and HIV RNA positive. In addition, in the 66 samples with inconsistent results from the two detection methods, 83.3% (55/66), 68.2% (45/66), 63.6% (42/66) and 62.1% (41/66) of patients aged was>45 years, tumor, surgery and male, respectively. Conclusions:Compared with immuno-serological tests, nucleic acid tests have the advantage in terms of sensitivity on detecting HBV, HCV and HIV infection and could reduce missed detection. The risk of transmission can be reduced by adding HBV, HCV, and HIV nucleic acid tests to preoperative/pre-transfusion immuno-serological tests screening for patients over 45 years of age and tumor patients.