Objective To explore efficacy and safety of simulated artificial pancreas in modulating stress hyperglycemia in critically ill patients. Methods A prospective randomized controlled study was performed. Seventy-two critically ill patients with stress hyperglycemia, aged 18-85 years, acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ) score over 15, two consecutive random blood glucose 11.1 mmol/L or higher, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) below 0.065, unable to eat food for 3 days after inclusion, or only accepting parenteral nutrition, admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) in Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District from January 1st, 2015 to June 30th, 2017 were enrolled. The patients were divided into three groups according to the random number table method, high-intensity group and low-intensity group were injected Novolin R (high-intensity group 2/3 dosage, low-intensity group 1/3 dosage) to modulate stress hyperglycemia by simulated artificial pancreas. Simulated artificial pancreas consisted of Guardian real time glucose monitoring system (GRT system), close-circle control algorithm and micro-pump;subcutaneous injection of Humulin 70/30 was applied to modulate stress hyperglycemia in humulin group. Real-time glucose levels of interstitial fluid in abdominal wall, equivalent to blood glucose levels, 10 minutes each time, were monitored by using of GRT system for all patients in three groups. Fasting serum levels of stress hormones including epinephrine and cortisol and insulin resistance index (IRI) were recorded within 24 hours after inclusion. Mean blood glucose, blood glucose variation coefficient, blood glucose target-reaching rate, blood glucose target-reaching time, hypoglycemia rate and 6-month mortality were measured. Twenty healthy adults from health administration department of the hospital were recruited as healthy control group. Results A total of 60 eligible critically ill patients were included in this study, each group with 20 patients. There was no significant difference in gender, age, APACHE Ⅱ scores among three groups. The levels of serum epinephrine, cortisol and IRI within 24 hours after inclusion in the three groups were significantly higher than those in healthy control group. The mean blood glucose levels of humulin group, low-intensity group, high-intensity group were decreased (mmol/L: 10.2±3.2, 8.4±2.6, 8.1±2.2), the blood glucose target-reaching rate were increased [40.2% (3 295/8 196), 71.1% (5 393/7 585), 80.4% (6 286/7 818)], the blood glucose target-reaching time were shortened (hours: 49.1±5.8, 24.6±4.6, 17.5±4.2), the hypoglycemia rates were increased respectively [1.3% (108/8 196), 2.8% (211/7 585), 4.0% (313/7 818)], with statistically significant differences (all 1 = 0.000). There was no significant difference in blood glucose variation coefficient and 6-month mortality among three groups [blood glucose variation coefficient: (29.4±3.7)%, (28.5±5.3)%, (26.1±4.6)%, 6-month mortality: 55.0%, 45.0%, 40.0%, all 1 > 0.05]. Conclusions Simulated artificial pancreas could effectively and safely modulate stress hyperglycemia in critically ill patients, high-intensity modulation could bring about better efficacy in the regulation of hyperglycemia. High-frequency blood glucose monitoring by using GRT system could promptly identify hypoglycemia and help it to be corrected.

Objective To explore the feasibility of the promoting effect of ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction(UTMD) on establishment of type Ⅰ diabetic nephropathy in rats.Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups(n =10):control group(group A),streptozocin group(group B),streptozocin and ultrasound microbubble group(group C) and streptozocin and UTMD group(group D).The fasting blood-glucose (FBG) were tested,the 24 h's urine were collected and the 24 h's urine mieroalbumin(mAlb) were measured and then urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) were calculated twice a week at fixed time in all groups.When greater than 3-fold increase in UAER compared with controls at the same age and gender,the diabetic nephropathy model in rats was considered to be established successfully,then the change of time and weighed were recorded and rats were killed and collected the blood of left atrial appendage to measure,blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine (SCr) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT).The left kidneys were weighted and then observed glomerular pathological changes under light microscope and detected the expression of CD34 in kidney of rats in each group by immunohistochemical method.Results ①The time of establishing diabetic nephropathy model in group D was obviously shorter than that in group B and C (all P ＜ 0.05).The FBG,the kidney index,UAER,BUN and Scr values in group B,C and D were significantly higher than those in group A(all P ＜0.05),but ALT had no significant change among each groups(all P ＞0.05).②The pathological changes of diabetic nephropathy appeared in rats of group B,C and D;the expression of CD34 in B,C and D groups were raised.Conclusions UTMD can obviously shorten the molding time of type Ⅰ diabetic nephropathy rats,which has feasibility.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of three doses of mifepristone on patients with dysfunc-tional uterine bleeding.Methods 150 patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding were chosen,and they were randomly divided into 3 groups,including low dose group (50 patients),middle dose group (50 patients)and high dose group (50 patients).All patients adopted routine treatment.On the basis of this,the low dose group received 6.25mg/d mifepristone,the middle dose group received 12.5mg/d mifepristone,the high dose group received 18.25mg/d mifepristone,continued 6 months.The influence of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hor-mone (LH),estradiol (E),progesterone (P),volume of uterine and endometrail thickness of patients were observed. Results After treatment,the FSH,LH,E and P levels in the three groups were significantly decreased compared with before treatment (FSH:t=4.406,5.329,3.610,LH:t=4.563,6.134,4.455,P=0.000,0.000,0.000;P=0.000, 0.000,0.000;E:t=7.173,6.815,7.018,P=0.000,0.000,0.000;E:t=2.367,6.315,4.351,P=0.020,0.000, 0.000),and the difference were statistically significant (all P<0.05).Before and after treatment,FSH,LH,P levels among the three groups had no obvious differences (P>0.05 ).Compared with the low dose group,E levels in the middle dose group and high dose group significantly decreased(t=3.850,2.085,P=0.000,0.004).Before and after treatment,the uterine volume among the three groups had no significant difference (P>0.05 ).After treatment,the functional uterine bleeding symptoms were significantly relieved in the three groups,the effective rate was 100%.The recurrence rate of the low dose group was 32%,which was significantly higher than 8%and 10%of the middle dose group and high dose group.The amenorrhea rate of the middle dose group and high dose group(6% and 2%)was significantly lower than that of the low dose group (46%).Conclusion The treatment of 12.5mg/d mifepristone is effectively adapted to patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

Objective To investigate the multivariate analysis of renal parenchymal elastic changes in diabetic and the value of virtual touch quantization ( VTQ ) techniques in the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy . Methods According to urinary albumin excretion rate( UAER) ,72 cases of diabetics were divided into 3 groups:the normal albuminuria group ( UAER<30 mg/24 h) 16 cases ,the trace albuminuria group(30 mg/24 h< UAER< 300 mg/24 h) 30 cases and the mass albuminuria group ( UAER > 300 mg/24 h) 26 cases . And 50 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group . The basic clinical data of subjects were collected ,routine laboratory tests were detected ,and VTQ was used to measure the left renal parenchymal shear wave velocity ( SWV ) ,then the statistical software was applied to analyze these data . Results The left renal parenchymal SWV in the control group ,the normal albuminuria group ,the trace albuminuria group and the mass albuminuria group increased in turn ,respectively ( 2 .01 ± 0 .22 ) m/s , (2 .20 ± 0 .22) m/s ,(2 .51 ± 0 .42) m/s ,(2 .88 ± 0 .32) m/s ,the difference among 4 groups was statistically significant( P <0 .05) . Multiple linear regression analysis showed that SWV ( Y) had linear relationship with duration of diabetes(X1 ) ,left renal parenchymal thickness(X2 ) and serum creatinine(X3 ) ,and the regression equation was Y = 2 .719 + 0 .043 X1 -0 .051 X2 + 0 .002 X3 . In addition ,SWV was positively correlated with the duration of diabetes and serum creatinine ,and negatively correlated with the left renalparenchymal thickness . Conclusions There is correlation between the left renal parenchymal SWV andduration of diabetes ,left renal parenchymal thickness and serum creatinine ,and the left renal parenchymal SWV increases as the renal injury aggravating . VTQ has a certain reference value to judge the degree of early renal damage in diabetics .

Objective To investigate the relationship of pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance with microalbuminuria in a cross -sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods A total of 524 partici-pants with type 2 diabetes were recruited in this cross -sectional study.All subjects'height,weight,waist circumfer-ence and blood pressure were measured.Venous blood samples were drawn to measure fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting lipids,glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c),fasting C -peptide (FPC).24h -urine was collected to measure urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER).Homeostasis model assessment of pancreatic β-cell function (HOMA -B) and insulin resistance (HOMA -IR)were estimated using fasting plasma C -peptide.According to HOMA -B quar-tile,the subjects were divided into four groups,including q1 -q4.According to HOMA -IR,the subjects were also divided into four groups,including Q1 -Q4.We assessed the crude associations across quartiles of these data with demographic and clinical parameters using a nonparametric test for trend across ordered groups (trend using Stata software).Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationships of pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance with microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.Results Trend test showed that UAER gradually reduced with increase of HOMA -B.The UAER values in subjects with q1,q2,q3 and q4 were 8.92(5.53 -28.65),8.55(5.52 -20.95),7.57(4.79 -19.83)and 7.84(5.23 -14.38)μg/min,respectively, and the trend was statistically significant(z =-2.1,P <0.05 ).With HOMA -IR increasing,UAER gradually increased.The UAER values in subjects with Q1,Q2,Q3 and Q4 were 6.73(4.85 -16.52),8.61 (5.2 -20.37), 8.31(4.88 -27.04),8.75(6.03 -25.21)μg/min,respectively,and the trend was also statistically significant(z =2.41,P <0.05).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that subjects with the highest quartile of HOMA -B had lower possibility of microalbuminuria than patients with the lowest quartile of HOMA -B (adjusted OR q4 vs. q1 =0.39,95% CI:0.20 -0.76,Wald =7.59,P =0.006).Subjects with the highest quartile of HOMA -IR had higher risk of microalbuminuria than those with the lowest quartile of HOMA -IR (adjusted OR Q4 vs.Q1 =2.00, 95% CI:1.08 -3.72,Wald =4.84,P =0.028).Conclusion Insulin resistance is associated with an increased prevalence of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes,while improved pancreatic β-cell function is linked to decreased rates of microalbuminuria for those patients.

Objective: To investigate the effect of the gene interfering technology on fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene silencing for lipid contents in human hepatic cell line HepG2 and to study the lipid metabolism related gene expression in HepG2 cells. Methods: A total of 3 pairs of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting different sequences of FAS mRNA were synthesized as FAS-siRNA-1, FAS-siRNA-2 and FAS-siRNA-3, meanwhile, 2 controls were established as Blank control group, in which HepG2 cells were not treated, and Negative control group, in which HepG2 cells were transfected by non-effective siRNA. The mRNA, and protein expression levels of FAS in HepG2 cells were examined by real-time lfuorescence quantitative RCR and Western blot analysis to screen the most effective pair of siRNA for FAS gene silencing; and that speciifc siRNA was transtected to HepG2 cells for 48 hours to detect the intra-/extra-cellular TG, TC levels and the mRNA expression related to lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. Results: The screening experiment indicated that FAS-siRNA-3 was most effective for FAS gene silencing. Compared with Blank control group, the mRNA and protein expressions in FAS-siRNA-3 transfected HepG2 cells (Transfected group)decreased to (52.33 ± 3.07) % and (51.57 ± 3.14) % respectively. Compared with Blank control group, Transfected group had the reduced intra-/extra-cellular TG levels and reduced extracellular TC level; while increased mRNA expression of hepatic lipase,P<0.0001 and decreased mRNA expression of TG transfer protein in HepG2 microsome,P<0.05. Conclusion: FAS gene silencing could signiifcantly decrease the intra-/extra- cellular TG level and extracellular TC level in HepG2 cells, those ifndings need to be conifrmed by furtherin vivo andin vitro studies.

Objective To observe the clinical application and nursing of Icare rebound tonometer.Methods Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were performed on 112 cases (112 eyes) with ICARE rebound tonometer, measure on central cornea 2mm distance to temporal and nasal limbus corneae respectively.Results The results of intraocular pressure measurement on central cornea, 2mm distance to temporal and nasal limbus corneae are (15.4±3.4),(15.8±3.6),(15.6±3.4)mm Hg. There were no significant difference among them(F=0.325,P>0.05), but they have a good consistency.Conclusions There was good consistency on three different position on IOP measurements. The nursing is important for correct measurement.

Lyophylized antler powder was hydrolyzed by pepsin and trypsin separately and also simultaneously to give hydrolysates with special physical activities. Complete hydrolysis peptides with MW lower than 1 x 10(3) were collected for assay of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity and proliferative activity toward UMR-106 osteoblast cells. The results of the experiments revealed that all hydrolysates exhibited potent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value less than 1 mg/ml which was much lower than the value of 5.5 g x L(-1) for vitamin C. The peptic and peptic tryptic hydrolysates demonstrated strong angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The tryptic hydrolysate increased the proliferation of the UMR-106 cells by 73.43%. The results verified the traditional use of antler in bone-strengthening, anti-aging. The exploratory studies on the ACE inhibitory activity of antler hydrolysates indicated that the hydrolysates might be potentially useful in prevention and treatment of hypertension. Further purification of peptides contributing to the antioxidant activity, angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory activity and proliferative activity toward osteoblasts from antler hydrolysates is warranted.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Antlers ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Biphenyl Compounds ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Deer ; Endopeptidases ; metabolism ; Free Radical Scavengers ; Hydrolysis ; Hypertension ; chemically induced ; Pepsin A ; metabolism ; Peptides ; pharmacology ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; metabolism ; Picrates ; metabolism ; Trypsin ; metabolism

Objective To establish the population pharmacokinetics(PPK)model of Lamotrigine(LTG)in children with epilepsy in China for promoting individualized dosage regimen. Methods The sparse data of LTG serum concentrations from 60 pediatric patients with epilepsy were collected. One hundred and fourteen serum concentration points were divided into LTG+valproic acid (VPA) group(n=56),LTG+enzymatic inducer(E1)group(n=26),LTG+EI+VPA group(n=16)and single LTG group(n=16).The serum drug concentrations were the clinical routinely tested steadv state concentrations.The LTG PPK parameters were calculated using the non-parametric expectation maximization(NPEM) Program of USC*PACK software,and then a PPK model was established. Based on this model,LTG serum concentrations were predicted with Bayesian fitting program of USC*PACK software.Mean prediction error(MPE)and mean squared prediction error(MSPE) were calculated to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the concentration prediction and to valid the PPK model.Results The greatest likelihood was-192.87.Optimum PPK parameters were:Ka=(1.97 1.66)h~(-1);Vs=(1.07±0.89)L/kg;Kel=(0.05±0.05)h~(-1).The linear regression function Y_(OBS)=-0.09+1.05 Y_(PRED)(R~2=0.98,P<0.001),and determination of coefficient was 0.98.MPE was-0.16 g/mL,and MSPE was 0.28(μg/mL)~2.Conclusion A PPK model of LTG in children with epilepsy in China can be successfully established using the USC*PACK software, based on which LTG serum concentrations can be predicted accurately with a Bayesian approach.

Objective:To assess the mechanism of exacerbation of colonic damage in rat colitis model induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)treated wi th celecoxib(a selective COX-2 inhibitor).Methods:The rats w ere randomized in to four groups.Group 1 and Group 2 were study groups.Group 3 and Group 4 were control groups.Colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of TNBS(25 g /L)in a vehicle of 50% ethanol(0.25 mL)of study groups.The rats of study gro ups were treated orally,beginning 3 h before induction of colitis and continuin g twice per day thereafter for up to 7 d,with celecoxib(1.25 mg/kg,Group 1)a nd distilled water(1 mL/0.3 kg,Group 2)respectively.In control experiments,the rats of Group 4 were treated orally with celecoxib(1.25 mg/kg)twice per da y for up to 7 d.Group 3 rats were healthy control rats.All the rats that survi ved until the end of the experiment(d 7)were killed and the severity of coloni c inflammation was assessed.The COX-2 protein expression in colon tissues was e xamined by immunohistochemistry.Results:The colonic damage of Group 1 was exac erbated as compared with Group 2.The inflammatory index of colon tissues of Gro up 1(8.5?2.5)was significantly reduced,as compared with Group 2(13.5?1.9,P