Objective To compare the clinical outcomes and retinal volume changes in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO-ME)using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).Methods The clinical data of 34 ischemic BRVO-ME patients(34 eyes,ischemic group)and 21 non-ischemic BRVO-ME patients(21 eyes,non-ischemic group)were retrospectively analyzed.Patients in both groups re-ceived intravitreal injections of ranibizumab.The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and retinal volume of the macular ar-ea were assessed before,1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months and 6 months after the treatment.Results The BCVA(log-MAR)at 1 day after the treatment was 0.63±0.37 in the ischemic group and 0.44±0.22 in the non-ischemic group,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.017).The retinal volumes of the outer retina,the full retina,and the Farafovea and Perifovea subdivisions of the full retina before the treatment were(6.42±1.90)mm3,(8.75±1.82)mm3,(3.20±0.87)mm3 and(5.10±0.89)mm3 in the ischemic group and(5.52±1.57)mm3,(7.83±1.56)mm3,(2.80± 0.71)mm3,and(4.66±0.77)mm3 in the non-ischemic group,respectively;1 day after treatment,they were(4.97± 1.18)mm3,(7.46±1.47)mm3,(2.62±0.60)mm3 and(4.53±0.80)mm3 in the ischemic group and(4.25±0.48)mm3,(6.58±0.56)mm3,(2.26±0.26)mm3 and(4.06±0.40)mm3 in the non-ischemic group,respectively;at 1 week after the treatment,they were(4.40±0.82)mm3,(6.90±0.85)mm3,(2.38±0.36)mm3 and(4.24±0.49)mm3 in the ischemic group and(4.04±0.35)mm3,(6.33±0.49)mm3,(2.15±0.19)mm3 and(3.95±0.35)mm3 in the non-ische-mic group,respectively,and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The a-mount of retinal volume change from baseline in the outer retina and the full retina was(-2.48±2.38)mm3 and(-2.54±2.38)mm3 in the ischemic group,and(-1.31±1.58)mm3 and(-1.38±1.58)mm3 in the non-ischemic group at 1 month after treatment,respectively,and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(both P＜0.05).Conclusion Ranibizumab is effective in treating both ischemic and non-ischemic BRVO-ME.The short-term visu-al prognosis is better in the non-ischemic group than the ischemic group,and the retinal volume is higher in the ischemic group than the non-ischemic group.However,no significant difference is observed in the visual prognosis or retinal volume between the two groups after long-term treatment.

Objective To assess the effect of ultrasonic thyroid artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted diagnostic system(AI-assisted diagnostic system)for diagnosing medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC)compared with different physicians and taken papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)as the controls.Methods Totally 63 MTC,70 PTC and 62 benign thyroid nodules confirmed by pathology were enrolled.AI-assisted diagnostic system was utilized to analyze thyroid nodules and identify the likelihood of malignancy,and the probability value threshold was set at ≥0.40.All thyroid nodules were retrospectively reviewed and categorized by 3 physicians(1 senior physician,1 attending physician and 1 junior physician)according to Chinese thyroid imaging reporting and data system(C-TIRADS).The efficacy of AI-assisted diagnostic system and physicians for diagnosing MTC and PTC were evaluated.Results AI-assisted diagnostic system showed lower sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,accuracy,and area under the curve(AUC)for diagnosing MTC and PTC compared with physicians.Significant differences of AUC were found between senior physician and AI-assisted diagnostic system,as well as between attending physician and AI-assisted diagnostic system for diagnosing MTC and PTC(all P＜0.01),while no significant difference of AUC was between junior physicians and AI-assisted diagnostic system(both P＞0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,accuracy and AUC for AI-assisted diagnostic system for diagnosing MTC were all lower than those for diagnosing PTC,but the AUC was not significantly different(P＞0.05).Conclusion Ultrasonic thyroid AI-assisted diagnostic system had relatively high value for diagnosing MTC.

Noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)is a public health problem that requires immediate attention.Nearly one-third of hearing loss can be attributed to noise exposure.However,the molecular mechanism of NIHL is complex,and there is currently no specific drug available for preventing and treating NIHL.Therefore,it is particu-larly important to establish standardized preclinical research models of NIHL and identify molecular targets for treat-ment so as to carry out the prevention and drug treatment of NIHL effectively.In this article,we summarized the research methods and pharmacological treatment studies on NIHL to provide references for the prevention and treat-ment of NIHL.

Objective:To investigate the current status of family caregivers learned helplessness in patients with advanced digestive tract tumor and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for the physical and mental management of cancer families.Methods:Totally 181 family caregivers of advanced digestive tract tumor patients from July 2018 to November 2019 in 4 gradeⅢclass A hospitals in Fuzhou were selected by convenient sampling method for investigation with the general information questionnaire and Learned Helplessness Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of learned helplessness of family caregivers of patients with advanced digestive tract tumor.Results:The total score and the average items score of learned helplessness was (38.61 ± 15.40), (2.15 ± 0.88) points, which was at a lower level. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the gender of caregiver, physical condition of caregivers, average monthly household income were significant influencing factors of family caregivers learned helplessness in patients with advanced digestive tract tumor ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The learned helplessness of family caregivers of patients with advanced digestive tract tumor is at a mild level. Nurses should focus on the physical and mental conditions of low-income groups and female caregivers with advanced digestive tract tumor, and regularly assess their nursing needs and health status to improve their quality of life.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a complicated psoriasis comorbidity with manifestations of psoriatic skin and arthritic joints, and tailoring specific treatment strategies for simultaneously delivering different drugs to different action sites in PsA remains challenging. We developed a need-based layered dissolving microneedle (MN) system loading immunosuppressant tacrolimus (TAC) and anti-inflammatory diclofenac (DIC) in different layers of MNs,

Objective: To explore the differences of temperament characteristics between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and normal children, and to provide evidence for early detection of ASD children and the development of personalized treatment plans. Methods: In this case-control study, we enrolled 129 ASD children and 129 normal children aged 3-7 years. The Behavioral Style Questionnaire (BSQ) scale was used to assess the temperament. Results: ASD children got higher scores in terms of "activity level", "withdrawal", "adaptability", "emotional nature", "persistence", and "response threshold" temperament dimensionality scores(P<0.05), and lower scores in terms of "rhythmical", "response intensity" temperament dimensionality scores than normal children(P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in "attention dispersiveness" between ASD group and control group(P>0.05). Among the children in the ASD and control group, the proportion of each temperament type was "easy to raise temperament type" (41.8% vs 62.8%), "partially easy to raise temperament type" (31.8% vs 27.9%), "partially difficult to raise temperament type" (17.1% vs 6.2%), “slow-up-towarm temperament type" (7.7% vs 2.3%) and "difficult to raise temperament type" (1.6% vs 0.8%).Statistical analysis showed that the rate of "easy to raise temperament type" was lower than that in normal children(P<0.05), while the rates of "partially easy to raise temperament type", "partially difficult to raise temperament type", "difficult to raise temperament type", and "slow-up-to-warm temperament type" in ASD children were higher(P<0.05). Conclusion There was significant difference in temperament characteristics between ASD children and normal children. The evaluation of temperament type contributes to early detection of ASD children and provides a reference for their behavioral correction.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) in children with ASD, and analyze their relation with the core symptoms of ASD. Methods: Ninty children aged 2-6 with ASD were recruited from Harbin in this study. The data of ABR was collected by using BAEP, and the association among children’s absolute latency and interpeak latency of ABR, core symptoms of ASD children’s behavior and clinical manifestation was analyzed. Results: Compared with the normal average value, children with ASD had longer the absolute latency of wave Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ in bilateral ears, which were (1.51±0.20)(3.83±0.34)(5.63±0.23)ms, (1.54±0.16) (3.78±0.23) (5.63±0.22)ms, respectively(P<0.05). Some children’s interpeak latency of Ⅰ-Ⅲ, Ⅲ-Ⅴ, Ⅰ-Ⅴ were longer than normal values. Children younger than 3 years old showed prolonged peak intervals of Ⅰ-Ⅲ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ than children in 3-7 years old. The study has also showed that there was positive correlation between the absolute latency of waveⅠin left ear and the social function defect(r=0.45, P<0.05); there was positive correlation between the latency of wave Ⅴin right ear or the latency of waveⅠin left ear or the Ⅰ-Ⅲ peakinterval and nonverbal communication ability dysfunction(r=0.35, 0.39, 0.34, P<0.05); there was positive correlation between the Ⅰ-Ⅲ peak interval and the repeated stereotyped symptoms(r=0.39, 0.35, P<0.05). Conclusion Children with ASD have abnormal auditory behavior. The absolute latency and interpeak latency of ABR is correlated to some parts of core symptoms of ASD.

Objective To explore the value of Logistic regression model in evaluation on automated breast volume scanner (ABVS) combined with conventional ultrasound in differential diagnosis of breast imaging reporting and data system(BI-RADS) 3-5 category breast nodules.Methods Totally 216 patients (247 BI-RADS 3-5 category breast nodules) underwent ABVS and conventional ultrasound.Taking puncture biopsy or postoperative pathology as the gold standards,Logistic regression model was established and main ultrasound characteristics in diagnosis of breast malignant nodules of BI-RADS 3 5 category were screened and evaluated.Finally,ROC curve of evaluating the diagnostic efficiency of Logistic regression model was drawn.Results There were 4 independent variables in diagnosis of breast malignant nodules of BI-RADS 3 5 category,including " Retraction phenomenon" (X1,odds ratio [OR] =12.03,P＜ 0.01)," microlobulated margin" (X2,OR-6.00,P＜0.01),border (X6,OR=11.48,P=0.01) and anteroposterior to transverse ratio (A/T,X8,OR=4.09,P=0.01).OR of "retraction phenomenon" was the highest.The regression equation was Logit(P) =-4.43+2.49X1 + 1.79X2 +2.44X6 +1.41X8 (x2 =196.32,P＜0.01),and the area under the ROC curve was 0.95 (P＜ 0.01).Conclusion Logistic regression model has great value in differential diagnosis of breast malignant nodules of BI-RADS 3-5 category.

Objective To investigate the relationships between Glucokinase(GCK) gene 4 tag single‐nucleotide polymorphisms , tagSNPs)sites which named rs12702070 ,rs2268569 ,rs2268573 and rs1476891 polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes in Chinese South‐ern Han Population .Methods This study was designed as a case‐control .499 type 2 diabetes patients and 499 healthy controls were chosen .4 GCK tagSNPs sites were analyzed by improved multiple ligase detection reaction(iMLDR) ,and genotype and allele fre‐quency between T2D group and healthy controls could be determined by chi‐square test ,logistic regression analysis ,and tagSNPs were further analyzed under three genetic modes(dominant ,recessive and additive) .What′s more ,Haploview software was used to construct the haplotype of 4 GCK tagSNPs and the linkage disequilibrium(LD) and relationship between various GCK haplotype and T2D susceptibility could be analyzed .Results Genotype distribution of rs2268573 ,rs2268569 and rs1476891 and allele frequen‐cy in T2D group were no significant differences with health controls .Significant differences in genotype distribution of rs12702070 and allele frequency were observed between T2D group and health controls .Under dominant model and additive model ,genotype distribution of rs12702070 in T2D was significantly different from health controls .One LD domain was observed in 3 tagSNPs a‐mong those 4 sites of GCK gene .There are 4 main haplotypes(TAG ,TGG ,TAT ,CGG)in rs2268569 ,rs12702070 and rs1476891 , but all these haplotypes have no relevance to the individual risk of T2D(P>0 .05) .Conclusion The results indicated that the GCK gene tagSNPs site rs12702070 imparts susceptibility to T2D in Han Chinese ,but not rs2268573 ,rs2268569 and rs1476891 .Four main haplotypes in rs2268569 ,rs12702070 and rs1476891 have no relevance to T2D .

Objective To investigate the relationships between glucokinase(GCK) gene 3 tag single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs)sites rs2971672 ,rs2268573 and rs2300587 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes (T2DM ) .Methods A total of 499 south‐ern Han inpatients with T2DM (T2DM group) in our hospital and contemporaneous 499 Han individuals undergoing the physical examination(control group) in the Health and Fitness Protection Center of our hospital from August 2013 to December 2014 were chosen .The GCK gene 3 tagSNPs sites in all subjects were genotyped by adopting the improved multiple ligase detection reaction (iMLDR) ,and the genotype and allele frequency between the T2DM group and healthy controls were compared by the chi‐square test ,logistic regression analysis ,moreover the tagSNPs sites were performed the correlation analysis under three genetic modes (dominant ,recessive and additive) .The Haploview software was used to construct the haplotype of GCK gene 3 tagSNPs and the linkage disequilibrium(LD) and relationship between various GCK haplotype and T2DM susceptibility was analyzed .Results The differences of rs2268573 and rs2300587 genotypes(χ2 =3 .361 ,2 .076 ,P>0 .05) and allele frequency(χ2 =0 .222 ,1 .980 ,P>0 .05) between the T2DM group and the control group were not statistically significant .The difference of rs2971672 genotype(χ2 =6 .896 , P<0 .01) and allele distribution(χ2 =4 .708 ,P<0 .05) between the T2DM group and the control group was statistically signifi‐cant .Under the dominant genetic model and additive genetic model ,the genotype distribution of rs2971672 between the T2DM group and the control group was statistically significant(OR= 1 .74 ,95% CI:1 .17 -2 .57 ,P<0 .01 ;OR=1 .51 ,95% CI:1 .06-2 .14 ,P<0 .05) .Among 3 GCK gene sites ,rs2971672 and rs2300587 had the LD domain including 3 main haplotypes of TC ,TA and CA3 ,the TA and CA haplotypes all decreased the risk suffering from T2DM(OR=0 .81 ,95% CI:0 .66-1 .00 ,P<0 .05 ;OR=0 .78 ,95% CI:0 .62-0 .98 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion In Han population ,GCK gene rs2971672 site is closely related with T2DM ge‐netic susceptibility ,while rs2268573 and rs2300587 sites have no obvious correlation with T2DM susceptibility .Haplotype TA and CA in rs2971672 and rs2300587 LD domain all reduce the individual risk suffering from T2DM .