Tear film hyperosmolarity plays a core role in the development of dry eye disease (DED) by mediating the disruption of ocular surface homeostasis and triggering inflammation in ocular surface epithelium. In this study, the mechanisms involving the hyperosmolar microenvironment, glycolysis mediating metabolic reprogramming, and pyroptosis were explored clinically, in vitro, and in vivo. Data from DED clinical samples indicated that the expression of glycolysis and pyroptosis-related genes, including PKM2 and GSDMD, was significantly upregulated and that the secretion of IL-1β significantly increased. In vitro, the indirect coculture of macrophages derived from THP-1 and human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) was used to discuss the interaction among cells. The hyperosmolar environment was found to greatly induce HCECs' metabolic reprogramming, which may be the primary cause of the subsequent inflammation in macrophages upon the activation of the related gene and protein expression. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) could inhibit the glycolysis of HCECs and subsequently suppress the pyroptosis of macrophages. In vivo, 2-DG showed potential efficacy in relieving DED activity and could significantly reduce the overexpression of genes and proteins related to glycolysis and pyroptosis. In summary, our findings suggested that hyperosmolar-induced glycolytic reprogramming played an active role in promoting DED inflammation by mediating pyroptosis.

Objective:To establish standard spatial brain template and ROIs template of 11C-methyl- N-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (CFT) PET images for automated quantitative analysis of dopamine transporter (DAT) distribution. Methods:From May 2014 to December 2015, 11C-CFT PET and MRI T 1 brain images of 16 healthy volunteers (3 males, 13 females; age (63.3±6.9) years) from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University were co-registered and smoothed using statistical parametric mapping(SPM)5 software based on MATLAB to create a standard spatial brain template. The ROIs template was established by ScAnVp procedures. These templates were clinically verified by using 11C-CFT PET images of 37 healthy volunteers (23 males, 14 females; age (61.7±7.1) years), 32 Parkinson′s disease (PD) patients (20 males, 12 females; age (61.1±5.4) years), 10 multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P) patients (7 males, 3 females; age (60.8±7.1) years) and 10 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients (5 males, 5 females; age (58.4±6.1) years) from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University between January 2014 and March 2019. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze data. Results:Based on the 11C-CFT PET images and MRI T 1 images of healthy volunteers, a standard spatial brain template for normalization of 11C-CFT PET images was created. The ROIs template was established including seven regions: bilateral caudate, anterior putamen, posterior putamen (along the long axis) and the occipital cortex. The ROIs template was accurately aligned in each verification group. The normal reference values of semi-quantitative DAT distribution in caudate, anterior putamen and posterior putamen were obtained (1.84±0.13, 2.18±0.16, 1.77±0.11). The semi-quantitative values of 11C-CFT uptake in each ROI in patients were significantly lower than those in healthy volunteers ( F values: 49.79-283.83, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The established brain templates with accurate spatial alignment for 11C-CFT image analysis can provide foundational tools for the application of 11C-CFT PET imaging in clinical practice and scientific research.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the differences in adverse drug reactions between newborns using medium/long chain fat emulsions and multiple types of oil fat emulsions, and to explore potential risk factors. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from newborns who used medium/long chain fat emulsions or multiple oil fat emulsions from January 2020 to June 2023. The China Hospital Pharmacovigilance System(CHPS) was used to retrieve adverse reaction information and evaluate it. Four hundred and ninety-nine newborns in the medium/long chain fat emulsion group and 1 940 newborns in the multiple oil fat emulsion group were included. Using logistic regression and stratified analysis to explore the safety differences between groups and the risk factors that affect the occurrence of adverse reactions. RESULTS The total incidence of adverse reactions in the medium/long chain fat emulsion group was 19.24%, with common adverse reactions including fever(5.81%), decreased hemoglobin(3.01%), increased blood pressure(2.40%) and hypoglycemia(2.40%); The total incidence of adverse reactions in the group of multiple oil fat emulsions was 36.44%, with a very common adverse reaction being fever(10.57%); common adverse reactions include decreased hemoglobin(8.97%), decreased blood pressure(3.20%), and increased blood pressure(3.09%); rare adverse reactions include liver dysfunction(0.05%), splenomegaly(0.05%) and cyanosis (0.05%). In univariate analysis, the risk of fever, decreased hemoglobin, and increased blood sugar in the group of multiple oil fat emulsions was higher than that in the medium/long chain fat emulsion group(P<0.05), but this association did not show statistical differences in the overall multivariate analysis. Furthermore, a stratified factor analysis based on gestational age found that the risk of fever and decreased hemoglobin in the group of multiple oil fat emulsions was significantly higher than that in the medium/long chain fat emulsion group in extremely premature infants. The corresponding OR(95%CI) were 6.437(1.327, 31.227) and 5.066(1.089, 23.570), respectively, with no significant differences observed in other gestational age stratification. CONCLUSION The risk of using medium/long chain fat emulsions in newborns is similar to that of using multiple types of oil fat emulsions. However, in extremely premature infants, the risk of fever and decreased hemoglobin in multiple types of oil fat emulsions is higher than that in medium/long chain fat emulsions. It is recommended to regularly monitor indicators such as body temperature, hemoglobin, and blood pressure, and do a good job in drug vigilance.

Objective:To investigate the current status of family caregivers learned helplessness in patients with advanced digestive tract tumor and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for the physical and mental management of cancer families.Methods:Totally 181 family caregivers of advanced digestive tract tumor patients from July 2018 to November 2019 in 4 gradeⅢclass A hospitals in Fuzhou were selected by convenient sampling method for investigation with the general information questionnaire and Learned Helplessness Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of learned helplessness of family caregivers of patients with advanced digestive tract tumor.Results:The total score and the average items score of learned helplessness was (38.61 ± 15.40), (2.15 ± 0.88) points, which was at a lower level. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the gender of caregiver, physical condition of caregivers, average monthly household income were significant influencing factors of family caregivers learned helplessness in patients with advanced digestive tract tumor ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The learned helplessness of family caregivers of patients with advanced digestive tract tumor is at a mild level. Nurses should focus on the physical and mental conditions of low-income groups and female caregivers with advanced digestive tract tumor, and regularly assess their nursing needs and health status to improve their quality of life.

A male patient, with diagnose of Madelung disease, was admitted in September 2009. He has been a heavy drinker for decades before onset of the disease. This patient was characterized by the large amount of symmetrical deposits of adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer around neck, and without obesity on other sites. The excessive adipose tissue was surgically removed by three steps. Appearance almost returned to normal. No recurrence happened after 8 years of follow-up.

Objective To explore the role of LiCl in modulating bacterial-mediated inflammation after Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.Methods Western-blot was used to determine the efficacy of LiCl usage.The expression of inflammatory cytokines in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected macrophages and neutrophils was detected by qPCR.Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry.Results Western-blot data showed that LiCl up-regulated the protein levels of p-GSK-3β(Ser 9)and β-catenin in macrophages and neutrophils,indicating the efficacy of LiCl usage.qPCR data indicated that LiCl enhanced the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected macrophages and neutrophils.Flow cytometry data indicated that LiCl could promoted the apoptosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected macrophages and neutrophils.Conclusion LiCl inhibited the Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced inflammation,via regulating the inflammatory cytokine expression and the apoptosis of inflammatory cells.

Objective To summarize and analyze the shielding,retention and reentry works of blood donors,and to investigate the feasibility of retention and reentry strategy.Methods The samples of ELISA single reagent reactive/NAT non-reactive and ELISA non-reactive/ NAT reactive were negative by confirmatory tests.Then the blood was weeded out and the donation qualification was reserved.The donors of shielding more than 6 months could propose the reentry application at any blood station in the province,and were allowed to return to the ranks after qualified by routine detection and re-detection by Jiangsu Provincial Blood Center.The unqualified rates were compared between the donors of again blood donation after retention and reentry with the common donors by χ2 test.Results From October 2014 to June 2016,1 615 cases were ELISA single reagent reactive/NAT non-reactive,among which 67 cases were confirmed as positive,42 cases were undetermined and 1 506 cases were negative;831 cases were ELISA non-reactive/ NAT reactive,in which 809 cases were positive by confirmation and 22 cases were negative.A total of 1 528 donors were confirmed as negative and their donation qualifications were reserved,89 donors conducted blood donation again and 79 were qualified in blood detection.The unqualified rate was 11.24%,compared with that of common donors,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Meanwhile,596 donors applied for reentry,among them 218 persons were weeded out by the reentry blood station.In remaining 378 samples sent to Jiangsu Provincial Blood Center,359 samples were qualified and confirmed to the reentry condition.Among them,332 donors conducted blood donation and all were qualified by blood detection.Conclusion The reentry strategy in Jiangsu Province is reasonable and feasible,but the donors retention strategy needs to be further optimized and perfected.

Objective To investigate the clinical symptoms and MRI imaging findings in patients with autoim-mune encephalitis and to improve clinician's understanding about the clinical and imaging characteristics of autoim-mune encephalitis. Methods We analyzed the clinical features and MRI findings of 33 patients with autoimmune en-cephalitis in our department. Results Of these 33 patients, 27 (81.8%) had psychiatric symptoms, 26 (78.8%) had seizure, 18 (54.5%) had involuntary movement, 11 (33.3%) had fever and 9 (27.3%) patients presented with cen-tral hypoventilation, the present of involuntary movement and fever was lower in group LE than in group NMDA. A total of 10 patients had positive MRI finding. Of these 10 patients, 8 had brain parenchyma lesions, 3 had meningeal involvement. The most likely affected parenchymal lesions are occipital lobe, bilateral hippocampus, frontal lobe, pari-etal lobe, temporal lobe, thalamus and cerebellum. Conclusion Psychiatric symptoms and seizure are the most com-mon neurological symptoms of autoimmune encephalitis. MRI may show abnormal signals in the limbic system. FLAIR is the most sensitive MR imaging sequence for detection of autoimmune encephalitis lesions.

At present,the doctor-patient relationship in China is a little tense,communication between doctors and patients is not smooth,and the doctor-patient communication skills of the young doctor is obviously insufficient and need to be improved.In this paper,we analyze the factors that affect the communication between doctors and patients in the Department of Neurology through the complexity of professional knowledge,the current background and so on.In addition,we discuss multiple methods of improving communication capability among this group doctors,hoping to strengthen young physicians' clinical basic skills training,and impart doctor-patient communication skills from the linguistic modifiers,oral expression,words and deeds,use of metaphor,simulation training and other aspects,and establish dynamic assessment system of doctor-patient communication ability.

Objective To investigate the effects of vitamin K1 in the adjuvant treatment of spasmodic cough in pertussis syndrome children,and its impacts on length of hospital stay.Methods 87 pertussis syndrome children were randomly divided into two groups,among which 41 cases in the control group were treated with the therapies such as anti -infection,respiratory support,antispasmodic,expectorant et al,while 46 cases in the treatment group were treated additionally with vitamin K1 on the basis of the control group.Then compared the duration and hospital stay of the two groups with spasmodic cough.Results The disappeared time of spasmodic cough in the treatment group was (7.22 ±1.33)d and hospital stay was (9.52 ±1.84)d,which in the control group were (15.51 ±2.73)d,(18.71 ± 3.30)d respectively,and there were statistically significant differences(t =-18.310,-16.269,all P <0.01).In the treatment group,the total effective rate was 93.5%,there were 18 cases with markedly effective,25 cases with effective and 3 cases with ineffective.Correspondingly,there were 7 cases markedly effective,23 cases effective, 11 cases ineffective,and total efficiency rate was only 73.1% in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =4.285,P <0.05 ).Conclusion Vitamin K1 to alleviate spasmodic cough in children has a significant effect,which can reduce the duration of the cough time and hospital stay in pertussis syndrome children, and also can improve the clinical effect.