Liver regeneration following injury aids the restoration of liver mass and the recovery of liver function. In the present study we investigated the contribution of megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1), a transcriptional modulator, to liver regeneration. We report that both MKL1 expression and its nuclear translocation correlated with hepatocyte proliferation in cell and animal models of liver regeneration and in liver failure patients. Mice with MKL1 deletion exhibited defective regenerative response in the liver. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MKL1 interacted with E2F1 to program pro-regenerative transcription. MAPKAPK2 mediated phosphorylation primed MKL1 for its interaction with E2F1. Of interest, phospholipase d2 promoted MKL1 nuclear accumulation and liver regeneration by catalyzing production of phosphatidic acid (PA). PA administration stimulated hepatocyte proliferation and enhanced survival in a MKL1-dependent manner in a pre-clinical model of liver failure. Finally, PA levels was detected to be positively correlated with expression of pro-regenerative genes and inversely correlated with liver injury in liver failure patients. In conclusion, our data reveal a novel mechanism whereby MKL1 contributes to liver regeneration. Screening for small-molecule compounds boosting MKL1 activity may be considered as a reasonable approach to treat acute liver failure.

Objective To predict whether antiviral therapy is required in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and an age of≤30 years by establishing a noninvasive model,and to investigate the diagnostic value of this model.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 175 patients with chronic HBV infection who were admitted to Shenzhen Third People's Hospital from January 2017 to January 2023 and met the inclusion criteria,and according to the results of liver biopsy,they were divided into treatment group with 41 patients(with indications for antiviral therapy)and observation group with 134 patients(without indications for antiviral therapy).The two groups were analyzed in terms of the indicators including clinical data,imaging examinations,and serum biochemical parameters.The univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the parameters affecting the indication for antiviral therapy,and different models for predicting the need for antiviral therapy were constructed based on related parameters.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to compare the diagnostic value of different models.The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous variables between groups,and the Mann-Whitney U rank sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous variables between groups;the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.Results There were significant differences between the treatment group and the observation group in alanine aminotransferase,ferritin,total cholesterol(CHOL),triglyceride,platelet count,liver stiffness measured by sound touch elastography(STE),and procollagen Ⅲ N-terminal propeptide(PIIIP)(all P<0.05).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CHOL(odds ratio[OR]=0.4,95％confidence interval[CI]:0.2—1.0),STE(OR=1.5,95％CI:1.0—2.1),and PIIIP(OR=1.1,95％CI:1.0—1.1)were independent predictive factors for the indications for antiviral therapy.Model 1(STE+PIIIP+CHOL),model 2(STE+PIIIP),model 3(STE+CHOL),model 4(PIIIP+CHOL)had an area under the ROC curve of 0.908,0.848,0.725,and 0.725,respectively,while STE,PIIIP,and CHOL used alone had an AUC of 0.836,0.725,and 0.634,respectively,suggesting that model 1 had the largest AUC,with a specificity of 77.34％and a sensitivity of 96.36％,and had a significant difference compared with STE,PIIIP,CHOL,and the models 2,3,and 4(Z=0.21,3.08,3.06,3.23,0.89,and 0.88,all P<0.05).Conclusion The noninvasive model established based on CHOL,STE,and PIIIP has a good value in predicting the need for antiviral therapy in patients with chronic HBV infection and an age of≤30 years.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the development present situation of the department of critical care medicine in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as Inner Mongolia), in order to promote the standardized and homogeneous development of critical care medicine in Inner Mongolia, and also provide a reference for discipline construction and resource allocation. METHODS: A survey study was conducted in comprehensive intensive care unit (ICU) of tertiary and secondary hospitals in Inner Mongolia by online questionnaire survey and telephone data verification. The questionnaire was based on the Guidelines for the Construction and Management of Intensive Care Units (Trial) (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines) issued by the National Health Commission in 2009 and the development trend of the discipline. The questionnaire covered six aspects, including hospital basic information, ICU basic information, personnel allocation, medical quality management, technical skill and equipment configuration. The questionnaire was distributed in September 2022, and it was filled out by the discipline leaders or department heads of each hospital. RESULTS: As of October 24, 2022, a total of 101 questionnaires had been distributed, 85 questionnaires had been recovered, and the questionnaire recovery rate had reached 84.16%, of which 71 valid questionnaires had been collected in a total of 71 comprehensive ICU. (1) There were noticeable regional differences in the distribution of comprehensive ICU in Inner Mongolia, with a relatively weak distribution in the east and west, and the overall distribution was uneven. The development of critical care medicine in Inner Mongolia was still lacking. (2) Basic information of hospitals: the population and economy restricted the development of ICU. The average number of comprehensive ICU beds in the western region was only half of that in the central region (beds: 39.0 vs. 86.0), and the average number of ICU beds in the eastern region was in the middle (83.6 beds), which was relatively uneven. (3) Basic information of ICU: among the 71 comprehensive ICU surveyed, there were 44 tertiary hospitals and 27 secondary hospitals. The ratio of ICU beds to total beds in tertiary hospitals was significantly lower than that in secondary hospitals [(1.59±0.81)% vs. (2.11±1.07)%, P < 0.05], which were significantly lower than the requirements of the Guidelines of 2%-8%. The utilization rate of ICU in tertiary and secondary hospitals [(63.63±22.40)% and (44.65±20.66)%, P < 0.01] were both lower than the bed utilization rate required by the Guidelines (75% should be appropriate). (4) Staffing of ICU: there were 376 doctors and 1 117 nurses in tertiary hospitals, while secondary hospitals had 122 doctors and 331 nurses. There were significant differences in the composition ratio of the titles of doctors, the degree of doctors, and the titles of nurses between tertiary and secondary hospitals (all P < 0.05). Most of the doctors in tertiary hospitals had intermediate titles (attending physicians accounted for 41.49%), while most of the doctors in secondary hospitals had junior titles (resident physicians accounted for 43.44%). The education level of doctors in tertiary hospitals was generally higher than that in secondary hospitals (doctors: 2.13% vs. 0, masters: 37.24% vs. 8.20%). The proportion of nurses in tertiary hospitals was significantly lower than that in secondary hospitals (17.01% vs. 24.47%). The ratio of ICU doctors/ICU beds [(0.64±0.27)%, (0.59±0.34)%] and ICU nurses/ICU beds [(1.76±0.56)%, (1.51±0.48)%] in tertiary and secondary hospitals all failed to meet the requirements above 0.8 : 1 and 3 : 1 of the Guidelines. (5) Medical quality management of ICU: compared with secondary hospitals, the proportion of one-to-one drug-resistant bacteria care in tertiary hospitals (65.91% vs. 40.74%), multimodal analgesia and sedation (90.91% vs. 66.67%), and personal digital assistant (PDA) barcode scanning (43.18% vs. 14.81%) were significantly higher (all P < 0.05). (6) Technical skills of ICU: in terms of technical skills, the proportion of bronchoscopy, blood purification, jejunal nutrition tube placement and bedside ultrasound projects carried out in tertiary hospitals were higher than those in secondary hospitals (84.09% vs. 48.15%, 88.64% vs. 48.15%, 61.36% vs. 55.56%, 88.64% vs. 70.37%, all P < 0.05). Among them, the placement of jejunal nutrition tube, bedside ultrasound and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were mainly completed independently in tertiary hospitals, while those in secondary hospitals tended to be completed in cooperation. (7) Equipment configuration of ICU: in terms of basic equipment, the ratio of the total number of ventilators/ICU beds in tertiary and secondary hospitals [0.77% (0.53%, 1.07%), 0.88% (0.63%, 1.38%)], and the ratio of injection pump/ICU beds [1.70% (1.00%, 2.56%), 1.25% (0.75%, 1.88%)] didn't meet the requirements of the Guidelines. The equipment ratio was insuffcient, which means that the basic needs of development had not been met yet. CONCLUSIONS The development of comprehensive ICU in Inner Mongolia has tended to mature, but there is still a certain gap in the development scale, personnel ratio and instruments and equipment compared with the Guidelines. Moreover, the comprehensive ICU appears the characteristics of relatively weak eastern and western regions, and the overall distribution is uneven. Therefore, it is necessary to increase efforts to invest in the construction of the department of critical care medicine.
Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Critical Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tertiary Care Centers ; China

Objective:To investigate clinicopathological features and prognosis of transformed mycosis fungoides (TMF) .Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on clinicopathological data collected from 24 patients with TMF, as well as on flow cytometry results of 16 peripheral blood samples obtained from 11 of the 24 patients, who visited Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between 2014 and 2020.Results:Among the 24 patients, 11 were males and 13 were females. Their average age at diagnosis of TMF was 50.0 years (range: 18 - 77 years), and patients with early-stage TMF (9 cases) and tumor-stage TMF (15 cases) were aged 44.8 and 52.6 years on average, respectively. The average time interval from diagnosis of MF to large cell transformation was 3.7 years, and 8 patients were diagnosed with TMF at the initial visit. Histopathologically, large cells infiltrated in a diffuse pattern in 20 cases, as well as in a multifocal pattern in 4, and the proportion of large cells in 7 cases was greater than 75%. Immunohistochemically, 18 patients showed positive staining for CD30, and the proportion of CD30-positive large cells was greater than 75% in 9; negative staining for CD30 was observed in 6. Flow cytometry of 16 peripheral blood samples showed the presence of cell subsets expressing clonal T cell receptor (TCR) -vβ in 2 of 4 patients with early-stage TMF and 10 of 12 with tumor-stage TMF, and tumor cells with higher forward scatter than normal lymphocytes were detected in 16 samples. During the follow-up, among the patients with early-stage TMF, 3 progressed to tumor-stage TMF 3.3 years on average after large cell transformation, 1 progressed to erythrodermic MF in stage IIIA, and the other 4 still showed an indolent course; among the patients with tumor-stage TMF, 1 progressed to stage-IV TMF, and 5 died 3.3 (1.5 - 6) years after large cell transformation.Conclusion:Large cell transformation may occur in patients with MF in any stage, some patients have poor prognosis, so close follow-up is needed for patients with TMF.

Objective To analyze the effect of trametes robiniophila on the apoptosis and the expressions of invasion and metastasis related matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in human gastric carcinoma poorly differentiated cell line MKN-45 and medium differentiated cell line SGC-7901.Methods Human gastric carcinoma cell lines MKN-45 and SGC-7901 incubated with trametes robiniophila at the different concentrations [0 (the negative control group), 5, 10, and 20 mg/ml] for 24 h. When bifluorescently stained with acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AO-EB), morphology was observed by using microscopy. Flow cytometry was used to test the apoptosis ratio after 24, 48, and 72 h. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to analyze the expressions of mRNA of MMP-2 and MMP-9 after 24 h, and the absorbance values of the bands after gel electrophoresis were used as their expression levels. Results Under the fluorescence microscope, the cells of the negative control group were green (normal cells), and the membrane was even in size and integrity. The proportion of apoptotic and necrotic cells was increased with the concentration enrichment of trametes robiniophila. The apoptotic cells were yellow, and their cell membrane lost integrity. Apoptotic bodies were found in cancer cells, and cell membrane showed bud projection. The nuclei of the apoptotic cells showed brightly condensed chromatin or fragmented. Chromatin was strongly stained and located in karyotheca. The necrotic cells were dyed red with integrity of size. The apoptotic ratio of MKN-45 cell line induced by trametes robiniophila after 24 h was (6.5 ±0.8)％, (14.6±1.0)％, (18.0±1.1)％, and (23.1±1.2)％, respectively (F= 333.972, P< 0.01) in negative control group and 5, 10, and 20 mg/ml trametes robiniophila group. After 48 h, the apoptotic ratio was (7.3 ±1.2)％, (18.3 ± 1.6)％, (24.5±1.3)％, and (27.2±1.7)％, respectively (F= 528.432, P= 0.001); after 72 h, the apoptotic ratio was (7.5 ±0.9)％, (50.2 ±1.6)％, (58.0 ±1.9)％, and (69.0 ±1.4)％, respectively (F= 3814.238, P< 0.01). After SGC-7901 cell line induced by trametes robiniophila for 24 h, the apoptotic ratio was (12.9 ±1.0)％, (19.4 ± 1.2)％, (22.0±1.7)％, and (23.0±1.9)％, respectively (F= 120.190, P< 0.01) in negative control group and 5, 10, and 20 mg/ml trametes robiniophila group. For 48 h, the apoptotic ratio was (10.2 ±1.3)％, (40.9 ±1.4)％, (51.6 ±1.9)％, and (66.2 ±1.9)％, respectively (F= 1281.342, P< 0.01). For 72 h, the apoptotic ratio was (27.4 ±1.8)％, (49.7 ±1.4)％, (65.1 ±1.4)％, and (69.0 ±2.0)％, respectively (F= 1112.767, P< 0.01). The induction of apoptosis showed time and dose dependence (both P< 0.01). There was a trendency that the apoptotic ratio of SGC-7901 cell line was higher than that of the MKN-45 cell line at the same condition. RT-PCR showed that mRNA relative expression level of MMP-2 was 0.64±0.02, 0.49±0.01, 0.36±0.02, and 0.32±0.01, respectively (F= 274.321, P< 0.01) of negative control group and 5, 10, and 20 mg/ml trametes extract group after the effect of trametes extract on gastric cancer MKN-45 cell line. The relative expression level of MMP-9 in MKN-45 cell line was 0.71±0.01, 0.54±0.02, 0.47±0.02, and 0.39±0.02, respectively (F=203.948, P< 0.01). The expression level of MMP-2 in SGC-7901 cell line was 0.64±0.01, 0.42±0.02, 0.34± 0.20, and 0.29±0.01, respectively (F= 305.877, P< 0.01), while the mRNA expression level of MMP-9 was 0.65 ±0.15, 0.47 ±0.01, 0.44 ±0.01, and 0.39 ±0.02, respectively (F= 265.259, P< 0.01). Compared with the negative control group, the expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 of the two cell lines were both decreased, after incubated with trametes robiniophila at the different concentrations (all P< 0.05), and with the addition of concentration, the expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were decreased. Conclusion Trametes robiniophila can induce the apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma cell lines MKN-45 and SGC-7901 in vitro and can inhibit the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the effect of trametes robiniophila may be related with the differentiation degree.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of severe hand,foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in recent three years,and to analyse the risk factors of severe HFMD.Methods A multicenter collaborative research group was set up,including five children's hospitals(pediatric department)with high incidence of HFMD.Prospective epidemiologic approaches were adopted.After training,staffs from the col-laborative center executed the study by filling up the record forms.Results We collected 114 HFMD cases in stage 2,75 cases of HFMD in stage 3,37 cases of HFMD in stage 4 from April 2014 to October 2016.The age ranged from 2 months to 13 years old,the median age was 2 years old,younger than 3 years accounted for 86.3%.Fever was observed in all the severe HFMD,mean temperature was (39.2 ± 0.7) ℃,fever lasted for (4.54 ± 2.89)d.The mean heart rates in stage 2,3,4 were (128.2 ± 13.3,176.1 ± 22.2,184.2 ± 27.5) times/min,respectively.The mean arterial pressure was (84.4 ± 14.6) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),the mean respiratory rate was (39.0 ± 8.4)times/min,the mean respiratory rates in stage 2,3,4 were (37.8 ± 7.36,38.7 ± 8.13,43.4 ± 10.7) times/min,respectively. Respiratory rhythm abnormality in stage 2,3,4 were 9.6%,14.9% and 56.8%,respectively.The blood glucose increased gradually in 2,3 and 4 stages,the mean blood glucose in stage 4 was(12.4 ± 4.74)mmol/L.The incidence of coma in stage 4 was higher than those in stage 2 and 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis found that tachycardia,drowsiness,coma, respiratory rate increase,respiratory rhythm abnormality,capillary refilling time more than 3 seconds were risk factors for severe HFMD.Conclusion The incidence of severe HFMD is still high in children under 3 years of age in last three years.The severe patients have obvious changes in the nervous,respiratory and circulatory system. Tachycardia,drowsiness,coma,respiratory rate increase,respiratoy rhythm abnormality,capillary refilling time more than 3 seconds are risk factors for severe HFMD.

Objective To study the levels of plasma catecholamine( norepinephrine,epinephrine and dopamine) in children with severe hand,foot and mouth disease( HFMD) ,and to assess the influence of cate-cholamine on the pathogenesis of severe HFMD. Methods A collaborative study group was established, including Children′s Hospital of Fudan University, Jiangxi Provincial Children′s Hospital, Anhui Provincial Children′s Hospital,Linyi People′s Hospital and No. 2 People′s Hospital of Fuyang City. Blood samples from children with severe HFMD were collected from April 2014 to October 2016. The levels of blood epineph-rine,norepinephrine,dopamine were measured at 2 h,24 h and 48 h after diagnosis for HFMD. Results The level of epinephrine at 24 h after diagnosis was ( 213. 0 ± 139. 8 ) ng/L in children with pulmonary edema, which was significantly higher than that of children without pulmonary edema[(137. 8 ± 45. 5)ng/L)](P=0. 022). The level of epinephrine at 24 h after diagnosis was (373. 2 ± 298. 1)ng/L in the dead children,and was (144. 2 ± 42. 5)ng/L in the survival children. The concentration of norepinephrine at 24 h after diagnosis was (1935. 7 ± 1824. 1)ng/L in the dead children,and was (858. 3 ± 212. 7)ng/L in the survival children. The levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine of those who died from HFMD were significantly higher than those of survival children at 24 h after diagnosis. There were no significant differences in catecholamine con-centrations among stage 2,3,4 HFMDs at 2 h,24 h and 48 h after diagnosis. Sex and enterovirus 71 virus infection had no significant influences on plasma catecholamine concentrations in children with severe HFMD. Conclusion Plasma epinephrine levels increase in children with HFMD complicated with pulmonary edema. Epinephrine and norepinephrine may play an important role in the death of children with severe HFMD.

Objective To understand the awareness level of iodine deficiency (ID) impairments and the attitude on edible iodized salt,and its consumption among doctors and nurses in cities,in order to provide scientific evidence for health education on iodine deficient disorders (IDD) in the future.Methods The questionnaire was self-designed,and spread through the web page of Wenjuanxing,an online server company,from May 6 to June 6,2017.At the end of the survey,a total of 481 valid questionnaires were reclaimed,in which ratio of gender was female 63.8％ (307/481),male 36.2％ (174/481).The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0,including logistic regression analysis with backward according to the statistical significant level of P ＜ 0.05.Results Among doctors and nurses,90.4％ (435/481) knew ID impairments;72.8％ (350/481) answered intelligent disability as the most serious problem of ID;55.5％ (267/481)misunderstood that the areas in which they lived were not ID areas,although all cities surveyed were ID areas;41.0％ (197/481) of doctors and nurses misunderstood that coastal residents did not need to consume iodized salt.About the evaluation of iodine nutrition status of current population,15.6％ (75/481) of respondents judged as iodine excess.About consuming edible salt,76.3％ (367/481) selected iodized,9.6％ (46/481)non-iodized,and 14.1％ (68/481) both iodized and non-iodized.The results of logistic regression analysis showed the factors that prevents health care workers from choosing iodized salt were:"living in coastal areas","think him or her as iodine adequate","know that iodine deficiency can affect the development of children but still adhere to the consumption of non-iodized salt";the factors that promoted the choice of iodized salt for medical staff were "insist on buying iodized salt,and do not choose non-iodized salt",and 75.8％ (238/314)of them knew that intelligent disability as the most serious problem of ID.Conclusions Most doctors and nurses have high level of knowledge on ID and its control.But lack of information,as well as misunderstanding of "coastal areas iodine adequate" and worry about "excess iodine causes thyroid diseases and cancer",which would hinder the active consumption of iodized salt.Health education for them should be conducted through professional ways,stressing on the threaten of ID environment,sharing the information about national and local progress on control of IDD and iodized salt safety,and clarifying the relationship between iodine salt or iodine and thyroid cancer and nodules.

Objective To investigate the treatment,outcomes and disease burden of severe hand-foot-and mouth diseases(HFMD),and to evaluate the compliance to the 2011 guideline for treatment in regions with a high in-cidence of HFMD.Methods A collaborative study group was established including Children's Hospital of Fudan Uni-versity,Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital,Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital,Linyi People's Hospital and the Second People's Hospital of Fuyang City.Clinical manifestation,treatment,prognosis and other data of severe HFMD pa-tients were prospectively collected by filling out a survey form in real time from April 2014 to October 2016. Results Two hundred and twenty-six severe HFMD cases were collected during the research time,including 114 ca-ses in stage 2,75 cases in stage 3,and 37 cases in stage 4.Two hundred and twenty-one cases(97.8%)were given mannitol,with a mortality of 6.2%;91 cases(40.3%)were given mannitol and glycerol fructose,with a mortality of 3.3%;the combined use of mannitol and glycerol fructose might have a better result than the single use of mannitol. One hundred and ninety-eight cases(87.6%)were given intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG).One hundred and ninety cases(84.1%)were given antiviral drugs.One hundred and forty-five cases(64.2%)were given hormone therapy,and the use of hormone could reduce temperature,but did not reduce the mortality.One hundred and fifty cases (66.4%)needed vasoactive agent,including milrinone,dobutamine,phentolamine and sodium nitroprusside. The vasoactive agent use in stage 3 and 4 were 88.0%(66/75 cases)and 91.9%(34/37 cases),respectively.Sixty-nine cases(30.5%)received continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP),91 cases(40.3%)with mechanical ventila-tion,peak inspiratory pressure(PIP)≥20 cmH2O(1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa)accounted for 61.6%(53/86 cases),po-sitive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)≥10 cmH2O accounted for 36.3%(33/91 cases).The mean mechanical ven-tilation time was(125.9 ± 101.8)h.Eleven cases(4.86%)died or died after giving up treatment,in which the mortality in stage 3 was 6.7%(5/75 cases),and the mortality in stage 4 was 16.2%(6/37 cases).The death causes were respiratory failure,pulmonary hemorrhage,and circulatory failure. The average time from onset to death was (5.91 ± 5.26)(1-15)d.Length of stay in hospital was(9.18 ± 5.16)(1-37)d in which length of stay in hospi-tal in stage 3 and 4 were(11.3 ± 6.35)d,(11.4 ± 6.62)d,respectively,which were significantly longer than that in stage 2[(7.50 ± 3.04)d],and the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05). The cost was(19 136 ± 12 556)CNY,of which the cost in stage 3 and 4 was(23 121 ± 13 846)CNY,(29 849 ± 16 015)CNY,respectively, which were significantly higher than that in stage 2[(12 961 ± 4 272)CNY],and the difference was statistically sig-nificant(P<0.05). Multivariate analysis found that respiratory rhythm abnormality,capillary refill time more than 3 seconds were risk factors for the deaths in the severe HFMD.Conclusion The 2011 edition of guidelines for treat-ment of children with severe HFMD was well executed.Hormone,IVIG,antiviral drugs did not significantly reduce the mortality of severe HFMD in children.

Objective To summarize the current status and trend of hypoglycemic agents of diabetic inpatients in different departments of Chinese PLA General Hospital.Methods The clinical data of diabetic patients admitted to Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2000 to May 2014 were collected(those hospitalized in the department of endocrinology were excluded).A total of 10 041 patients were selected by stratified random sampling.The type of hypoglycemic agents in different departments and the variation on anti-hyperglycemic drugs with time were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of all the patients in non-endocrinological wards, 50.2% were treated with insulin, 36.9% with metformin, 21.3% with α-glycosidase inhibitor, and 18.9% with sulfonylureas.Metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitors, pre-mixed 30R, and insulin glargine were more commonly used than other anti-hyperglycemic agents, accounting for 36.9%, 21.0%, 14.0%, 8.7%, respectively.Metformin, sulfonylureas, α-glucosidase inhibitor, and different types of insulin were more widely applied in internal medicine while insulin therapy was more frequently used in surgical department.During the past 15 years, the proportions of insulin, glinides, α-glucosidase inhibitor, and thiazolidinediones application were gradually increased, while the proportions of sulfonylureas and metformin treatment were on the decline trend.Conclusion Most of the inpatients were treated with oral antidiabetic drugs.Metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitor, pre-mixed 30R, and insulin glargine were the most frequently prescribed agents for the inpatients.