ObjectiveTo explore the distribution and evolution patterns of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes and syndrome elements in psoriasis vulgaris （PV）. MethodsLiterature related to TCM syndromes of PV published in databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform （Wanfang）， VIP Chinese Technology Periodical Database （VIP）， Chinese Biomedical Literature Database （CBM）， PubMed， Embase， and Web of Science from their inception to December 31， 2023， was retrieved. Statistical analysis was conducted on the distribution of TCM syndromes and syndrome elements in the included studies. The data were further categorized into five-year periods to analyze the dynamic changes in syndromes and syndrome elements over time. ResultsA total of 2,853 studies were included， with 5,896 syndrome occurrences. The most common TCM syndromes in PV were blood-heat syndrome （2,167 occurrences， 36.75%）， blood-stasis syndrome （1,219 occurrences， 20.68%）， blood-dryness syndrome （1,124 occurrences， 19.06%）， and damp-heat syndrome （263 occurrences， 4.46%）. The most frequent syndrome categories included blood syndromes （4,680 occurrences， 79.38%） and dampness syndromes （347 occurrences， 5.89%）. The most common syndrome elements related to disease location were blood division （4,874 occurrences， 94.38%） and spleen （99 occurrences， 1.92%）. The most common syndrome elements related to disease nature were blood-heat （2,213 occurrences， 25.96%）， blood-dryness （1,434 occurrences， 16.82%）， and blood-stasis （1,330 occurrences， 15.60%）. Except for the period 1978-1983， blood-heat， blood-stasis， and blood-dryness syndromes consistently ranked among the top three， with their combined proportion showing an overall upward trend （from 67.65% to 81.69%）. The proportion of spleen deficiency with damp obstruction syndrome also increased （from 0.24% to 1.46%）. In terms of syndrome classification， the proportion of blood syndromes showed an overall upward trend （from 67.65% to 83.46%）， ranking first in all periods. The proportion of dampness syndromes showed a general downward trend （from 17.65% to 4.54%）， ranking second after blood syndromes in most periods except for 1994-1998 and 1999-2003. The proportion of spleen-related syndromes showed an overall increase （from 0.24% to 1.85%）. Regarding disease location elements， the proportion of blood division remained stable above 90%， while the proportion of spleen involvement increased （from 0.68% to 3.23%）. As for disease nature elements， blood-heat （from 19.23% to 33.27%） and blood-stasis （from 1.92% to 20.83%） significantly increased， while dampness initially decreased and then slightly increased （from 11.54% to 5.73%）. ConclusionIn the distribution of PV-related TCM syndromes， blood-heat， blood-stasis， and blood-dryness syndromes are the most common. Blood syndromes dominate syndrome classification， with disease location primarily in the blood division and disease nature characterized by blood-heat， blood-stasis， and blood-dryness. Evolutionary trends indicate that blood-heat， blood-stasis， and blood-dryness syndromes remain predominant and are increasing in proportion， while spleen deficiency with damp obstruction syndrome is also rising. Among syndrome classifications， the proportion of blood syndromes is increasing， dampness syndromes are decreasing， and spleen-related syndromes are on the rise. In terms of syndrome elements， blood division remains dominant， while spleen involvement is increasing. The proportion of blood-heat and blood-stasis is significantly increasing， while dampness first declines and then slightly rebounds. Overall， the mainstream TCM perspective of treating PV based on blood differentiation remains unchanged， with syndrome distribution focusing on blood division. The increasing importance of spleen deficiency and dampness in disease pathogenesis represents a new trend.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the current management of drug clinical trial institutions in Jiangxi Province and the situation of undertaking drug clinical trials after the implementation of the filing system. METHODS A survey was conducted on 38 new institutions （obtained qualifications during the implementation of the filing system） and old institutions （obtained qualifications during the implementation of the recognition system） that had completed drug clinical trial institution qualification filing for more than one year in Jiangxi Province. The survey focused on the basic information of the institutions， the number of registered principal investigator （PI）， institutional hardware and information construction， personnel allocation and training， and drug registration clinical trials undertaken by the institutions. RESULTS Of 38 institutions surveyed， there were 22 general hospitals and 16 specialized hospitals； there were 24 old institutions and 14 new institutions. Whether in general hospitals or specialized hospitals， the old institutions were better than the new institutions in the number of approved beds， the number of outpatients， the number of inpatients， the number of specialties， and the number of PI； both old and new institutions had separate offices； all new institutions were set up with GCP pharmacy. The adoption of clinical trial management system in new institutions is significantly less than in old institutions. In the general hospital， both the number of full-time managers and the number of quality controllers in old institutions were significantly more than in the new institutions， while the opposite was true at the level of specialized hospitals. In terms of centralized training on GCP， new institutions were all better than the old ones. Whether in general hospitals or specialized hospitals， the number of drug registration clinical trial projects undertaken by new institutions was significantly less than that of old ones. CONCLUSIONS The new institutions are worse than the old institutions in comprehensive strength and information construction of hospitals， and the number of clinical trials undertaken by new institutions is also less than old institutions.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of menopausal syndrome among postmenopausal women in Pan'an County, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the basis for guiding the health management of postmenopausal women. Methods: From May 2023 to April 2024, the postmenopausal women aged 40 to 69 years in Pan'an County were selected using the random cluster sampling method. Demographic information, lifestyle and prevalence of gynecological diseases were collected through questionnaire surveys. The prevalence of menopausal syndrome was assessed by modified Kupperman Score Scale. Factors affecting menopausal syndrome were analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 816 postmenopausal women were surveyed, with an mean age of (57.63±2.92) years and a mean natural menopause age of (49.85±2.13) years. There were 574 cases with menopausal syndrome, with a prevalence of 70.34%. Flashes and sweating, insomnia and irritability were common symptoms, accounting for 62.87%, 47.43% and 41.18%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that monthly personal income of ≤5 000 yuan (<3 000 yuan, OR=3.124, 95%CI: 1.829-5.335; 3 000-5 000 yuan, OR=2.399, 95%CI: 1.370-4.201) and having gynecological diseases (OR=1.970, 95%CI: 1.292-3.004) were associated with a higher risk of menopausal syndrome, while average (OR=0.141, 95%CI: 0.072-0.276) or sufficient sleep quality (OR=0.095, 95%CI: 0.049-0.185) were associated with a lower risk of menopausal syndrome. Conclusion The prevalence of menopausal syndrome among postmenopausal women in Pan'an County is relatively high, and is mainly influenced by personal economic status, sleep quality and the presence of gynecological diseases.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which 2，3，5，4'-tetrahydroxyldiphenylethylene-2-O-glucoside （THSG） mitigates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （CI/R） injury by regulating mitochondrial calcium overload and promoting mitophagy. MethodsSixty male SD rats were randomized into sham， model， SAS （40 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium- and high-dose （10， 20， 40 mg·kg^-1， respectively） THSG groups， with 10 rats in each group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion （MCAO/R） model was established by the modified Longa suture method. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation （OGD/R） model was constructed in PC12 cells. Neurological deficits were assessed via Zea Longa scoring， and cerebral infarct volume was measured by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Structural and functional changes of cortical neurons in MCAO/R rats were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining. PC12 cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay， and mitochondrial calcium levels were quantified by Rhod-2 AM. Immunofluorescence was used to detect co-localization of PTEN-induced kinase 1 （PINK1） and leucine zipper/EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1 （LETM1） in neurons. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was employed to observe mitochondrial morphology in neurons. Western blot was employed to analyze the expression of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 （TOMM20）， autophagy-associated protein p62， microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 （LC3）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-9 （Caspase-9）， B-cell lymphoma 2-associated protein X （Bax）， and cytochrome C （Cyt C）. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group exhibited increased infarct volume （P<0.01） and neurological deficit scores （P<0.01）， neuronal structure was disrupted with reduced Nissl bodies. （P<0.01）， mitochondrial swelling/fragmentation， decreased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）， upregulated protein levels of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ， TOMM20， Caspase-9， Bax， and Cyt C （P<0.01）， downregulated protein level of p62 （P<0.05）， weakened PC12 viability （P<0.01）， and elevated mitochondrial calcium level （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， THSG and SAS groups showed reduced infarct volumes （P<0.05，P<0.01） and neurological deficit scores （P<0.05，P<0.01）， mitigated mitochondrial damage， and increased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）. Medium/high-dose THSG and SAS alleviated the neurological damage， increased Nissl bodies （P<0.05，P<0.01）， downregulated the protein levels of p62， TOMM20， Caspase-9， Bax， and Cyt C （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and elevated the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ level （P<0.05，P<0.01）. High-dose THSG enhanced PC12 cell viability （P<0.01）， increased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）， and reduced mitochondrial calcium （P<0.01）. ConclusionTHSG may exert the neuroprotective effect on CI/R injury by activating the PINK1-LETM1 signaling pathway， reducing the mitochondrial calcium overload， and promoting mitophagy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which 2，3，5，4'-tetrahydroxyldiphenylethylene-2-O-glucoside （THSG） mitigates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （CI/R） injury by regulating mitochondrial calcium overload and promoting mitophagy. MethodsSixty male SD rats were randomized into sham， model， SAS （40 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium- and high-dose （10， 20， 40 mg·kg^-1， respectively） THSG groups， with 10 rats in each group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion （MCAO/R） model was established by the modified Longa suture method. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation （OGD/R） model was constructed in PC12 cells. Neurological deficits were assessed via Zea Longa scoring， and cerebral infarct volume was measured by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Structural and functional changes of cortical neurons in MCAO/R rats were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining. PC12 cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay， and mitochondrial calcium levels were quantified by Rhod-2 AM. Immunofluorescence was used to detect co-localization of PTEN-induced kinase 1 （PINK1） and leucine zipper/EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1 （LETM1） in neurons. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was employed to observe mitochondrial morphology in neurons. Western blot was employed to analyze the expression of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 （TOMM20）， autophagy-associated protein p62， microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 （LC3）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-9 （Caspase-9）， B-cell lymphoma 2-associated protein X （Bax）， and cytochrome C （Cyt C）. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group exhibited increased infarct volume （P<0.01） and neurological deficit scores （P<0.01）， neuronal structure was disrupted with reduced Nissl bodies. （P<0.01）， mitochondrial swelling/fragmentation， decreased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）， upregulated protein levels of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ， TOMM20， Caspase-9， Bax， and Cyt C （P<0.01）， downregulated protein level of p62 （P<0.05）， weakened PC12 viability （P<0.01）， and elevated mitochondrial calcium level （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， THSG and SAS groups showed reduced infarct volumes （P<0.05，P<0.01） and neurological deficit scores （P<0.05，P<0.01）， mitigated mitochondrial damage， and increased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）. Medium/high-dose THSG and SAS alleviated the neurological damage， increased Nissl bodies （P<0.05，P<0.01）， downregulated the protein levels of p62， TOMM20， Caspase-9， Bax， and Cyt C （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and elevated the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ level （P<0.05，P<0.01）. High-dose THSG enhanced PC12 cell viability （P<0.01）， increased PINK1/LETM1 co-localization （P<0.01）， and reduced mitochondrial calcium （P<0.01）. ConclusionTHSG may exert the neuroprotective effect on CI/R injury by activating the PINK1-LETM1 signaling pathway， reducing the mitochondrial calcium overload， and promoting mitophagy.

Background Chlorinated perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate Cl-PFAES, trade name F-53B, a novel per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), has been shown to induce multi-organ toxicity in humans and cross the blood-brain barrier. However, its toxic effects and underlying mechanisms on neural stem cells (NSCs) remain unclear. Objective To investigate the impact of F-53B on NSCs proliferation and differentiation through oxidative stress and explore its potential molecular mechanisms in associations with mitochondrial function damage and the expression of autophagy-related gene (PINK1/Parkin). Methods Primary NSCs isolated from neonatal C57BL/6 mice were used as a model and exposed to F-53B at concentrations of 0, 33, or 100 μmol·L⁻¹ for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, while proliferation was evaluated by the 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe differentiation phenotypes. Intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were quantified using dihydroethidium (DHE) and MitoSOX probes, respectively. Mitochondrial morphology was observed using MitoTracker Green. ATP level was measured with a commercial kit. Additionally, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was conducted to quantify the expression of PINK1 and Parkin genes. Results Exposure to 100 μmol·L⁻¹ F-53B significantly reduced cell viability to 93.6% of the control group (P<0.01), and decreased the proportion of EdU⁺ cells (P<0.01), indicating proliferation inhibition. The differentiation analysis showed a reduction in neuronal generation, axonal shortening, and an increase in astrocytes. The 100 μmol·L⁻¹ F-53B exposure elevated intracellular ROS to 122% (P<0.01) and mitochondrial ROS (MitoROS) to 135% (P<0.001) of the control levels, leading to mitochondrial fragmentation. The ATP levels after the F-53B exposure decreased to 62.4% relative to the control group (P<0.001). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of PINK1 and Par after the F-53B exposure were notably reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion F-53B may induce oxidative stress, thereby disrupting mitochondrial morphology and function while inhibiting the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy pathway, ultimately leading to impaired neural stem cell proliferation and abnormal differentiation. This study provides new insights into the neurotoxicity mechanisms of F-53B.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate of sarcopenia and related risk factors in patients with stroke. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the patients with stroke who were admitted to the stroke center of a grade A tertiary hospital in Changchun， China， from March 2023 to June 2024. The method of bioelectrical impedance was used to perform body composition analysis for all patients on day（7.0±1.0）after admission， and the incidence rate of stroke-related sarcopenia was analyzed. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for stroke-related sarcopenia. Results A total of 666 patients were included in the study， among whom 150（22.5%） developed sarcopenia （95%CI 0.193‒ 0.257）. Low body mass index， low phase angle， low triglyceride， advanced age， and low Barthel index were risk factors for the early onset of sarcopenia in patients with stroke. Conclusion There is a relatively high incidence rate of sarcopenia in stroke patients， with complex influencing factors. Medical staff should pay more attention to the elderly stroke patients， as well as those patients with emaciation， low phase angle， low triglyceride， and limited activities of daily living. Early nutritional supplementation and functional exercise can help to prevent the onset of stroke-related sarcopenia.
Stroke ; Sarcopenia

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Baihuan Xiaoyao Decoction （Xiaoyaosan added with Lilii Bulbus and Albiziae Cortex） in alleviating depression-like behaviors of juvenile rats by regulating the polarization of microglia. MethodSixty juvenile SD rats were randomized into normal control， model， fluoxetine， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （5.36， 10.71， 21.42 g·kg^-1， respectively） Baihuan Xiaoyao decoction groups. The rat model of juvenile depression was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）. The sucrose preference test （SPT） was carried out to examine the sucrose preference of rats. Forced swimming test （FST） was carried out to measure the immobility time of rats. The open field test （OFT） was conducted to measure the total distance， the central distance， the number of horizontal crossings， and the frequency of rearing. Morris water maze （MWM） was used to measure the escape latency and the number of crossing the platform. The immunofluorescence assay was employed to detect the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS， the polarization marker of M1 microglia） and CD206 （the polarization marker of M2 microglia）. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to determine the mRNA levels of iNOS， CD206， pro-inflammatory cytokines ［tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， interleukin （IL）-1β， and IL-6］ and anti-inflammatory cytokines （IL-4 and IL-10） in the hippocampus. Western blotting was employed to determine the protein levels of iNOS and CD206 in the hippocampus. The levels of IL-4 and IL-6 in the hippocampus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultCompared with the normal control group， the model rats showed a reduction in sucrose preference （P<0.05）， an increase in immobility time （P<0.05）， decreased motor and exploratory behaviors （P<0.05）， and weakened learning and spatial memory （P<0.05）. In addition， the model rats showed up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of iNOS and mRNA levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， Baihuan Xiaoyao decoction increased the sucrose preference value （P<0.05）， shortened the immobility time （P<0.01）， increased the motor and exploratory behaviors （P<0.05）， and improved the learning and spatial memory （P<0.01）. Furthermore， the decoction down-regulated the positive expression and protein level of iNOS， lowered the levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 （P<0.01）， promoted the positive expression of CD206， and elevated the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 （P<0.01） in the hippocampus of the high dose group. Moreover， the high-dose Baihuan Xiaoyao decoction group had higher sucrose preference value （P<0.01）， shorter immobility time （P<0.01）， longer central distance （P<0.01）， stronger learning and spatial memory （P<0.01）， higher positive expression and protein level of iNOS （P<0.01）， lower levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lower positive expression and mRNA level of iNOS （P<0.05）， and higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 （P<0.05， P<0.01） than the fluoxetine group. ConclusionBaihuan Xiaoyao decoction can improve the depression-like behavior of juvenile rats by inhibiting the M1 polarization and promoting the M2 polarization of microglia in the hippocampus.

ObjectiveTo analyze the expression of molecular marker affecting the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia （AML） patients from bioinformatics database， thus providing an experimental basis for further exploration of a novel molecular marker for the prognosis of AML. MethodsThe prognostic data of 179 AML patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas （TCGA） database were examined for differential gene analysis and survival analysis. The bone marrow samples of 74 healthy individuals （HI） and 542 de novo AML patients in the dataset GSE13159 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus （GEO） database were analyzed to detect the difference in the expression levels of differential target genes. Peripheral blood and bone marrow samples were collected from 18 de novo AML patients and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls， and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to validate the expression levels of the differential genes in the AML patients. ResultsBioinformatics data analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of Homo sapiens NK2 homeobox 3 （NKX2-3） calculated by R language was 0.051. Survival analysis revealed a statistically poorer overall survival in de novo AML patients with high NKX2-3 expression than in those with low NKX2-3 expression （P = 0.0036）. NKX2-3 was highly expressed in patients with de novo AML than in HI and the difference was statistically significant （P < 0.001）. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR verified the expression levels of the NKX2-3 gene in AML patients and confirmed that compared with those in HI， in the de novo AML patients， NKX2-3-1 and NKX2-3-2 were highly expressed and were significantly correlated （P = 0.000， P = 0.000）. ConclusionNKX2-3 is highly expressed in de novo AML patients， and the AML patients with high NKX2-3 expression have poor overal survival. NKX2-3 may be closely related to the clinical outcome and prognosis of AML.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of norovirus and the correlation between norovirus infection and stool traits and clinical symptoms in children with acute gastroenteritis during 2021-2022.Method:A total of 2 195 anal swab samples were collected from cases of acute gastroenteritis in Beijing Children 's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2021 to December 2022. PCR fluorescent probe assay was performed to detect norovirus，the clinical information and test results were performed by statistical analysis. Results:The detection rate of norovirus was 19.09%（419/2 195）in 2 195 children. The detection rates of male and female were 17.80%（244/1 371）and 21.24%（175/824），respectively，with statistically significant differences between genders（ χ2=3.945, P<0.05）. The positivity rate of noroviruses was higher in aged 1 month to 3 years［29.09%（64/220）~40.69%（94/231）］，especially in 1 year［40.69%（94/231）］. The norovirus detection rate ranged from 2.44%（2/82）to 35.84%（62/173）in different months，with a high detection rate between January and March，higher in the winter and spring［28.36%（150/529），21.07%（146/693）］，showing a clear seasonal distribution.Clinical symptoms of both vomiting and diarrhea were significantly more common among norovirus positive than negative children，the difference was statistically significant（ χ2=57.29, P<0.05）. Conclusion:In the high incidence season of winter and spring，for infants and young children aged 1 month to 3 years with diarrhea accompanied by vomiting symptoms，especially those aged 1 year，it is recommended to undergo norovirus related testing in time. Early treatment and isolation measures should be taken for diagnosed children to reduce cross infection and prevent outbreaks.