By binding alpha-particle to ligands, targeted alpha-particle therapy illuminates the diseased tissue, using the radiographic energy and the range in the tissues of nuclides, and avoids damage to normal tissue to obtain the expected therapeutic effect, which is mainly used for tumor treatment. Targeted ligands are ideal drug carriers to deliver alpha-particle to the target to kill tumor cells accurately. In recent years, there have been some progresses in the research of α-radionuclide drug-based targeted ligands in nanomaterials, which have improved drug delivery and off-target effects. By summarizing the current research status, it is expected to provide reference for the development of alpha-particle drug delivery in the industry.

The present study aims to explore the genetic diversity of germplasm resources of Chrysanthemum×morifolium (hereinafter, C.×morifolium) at the molecular level and to establish a fingerprint database of C.×morifolium varieties. We employed 12 pairs of primers with high levels of polymorphism, clear bands, and high degrees of reproducibility to analyze the SSR molecular markers and genetic diversity of 91 C.×morifolium materials and 14 chrysanthemum- related materials. With regard to constructing the fingerprints of the tested materials, we chose 9 pairs of core primers. The findings revealed that 12 primer pairs detected 104 alleles in 105 samples, ranging from 2 to 26. The average number of observed alleles (N_a) per site was 9.25. The average number of effective alleles (N_e) per site was 2.745 6, with its range being 1.276 0 to 4.742 5. Shannon genetic diversity index (I) values ranged between 0.513 3 and 2.239 9 (M=1.209 0). Nei's gene diversity index (H) ranged between 0.216 3 and 0.789 1 (M=0.578 0). The observed heterozygosity (H_o) ranged between 0.223 3 and 0.895 2 (M=0.557 5). The expected heterozygosity (H_e) ranged between 0.217 4 and 0.793 3 (M=0.580 8). The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged between 0.211 5 and 0.774 0 (M=0.532 9). The genetic similarity (GS) ranged between 0.228 5 and 1.000 0 (M=0.608 3). Cluster analysis revealed that when the genetic distance (GD) equals to 0.30, the tested materials can be classified into 2 groups. When the GD equals to 0.27, the first group can be divided into 6 subgroups; accordingly, 105 tested materials can be divided into 7 subgroups. The cophenetic correlation test was carried out based on the cluster analysis, and the corresponding results showed that the cluster map correlated with the genetic similarity coefficient (r=0.952 73). According to the results of Structure population analysis, we obtained the optimal population number, with the true number of populations (K) being 3 and the population being divided concerning Q≥0.5. Three subgroups, i.e., Q1, Q2 and Q3, included 34, 33 and 28 germplasms, respectively, and the remaining 10 germplasms were identified as the mixed population. During the experiment, 9 pairs of core primers were screened among the total of 12 for a complete differentiation regarding 105 tested materials, and the fingerprints of 91 C.×morifolium materials and 14 chrysanthemum-related materials were further constructed. Overall, there were significant genetic differences and rich genetic diversity among C.×morifolium materials, which would shed light on the garden application and variety selection fields of C.×morifolium. The fingerprint database of 105 C.×morifolium varieties and chrysanthemum-related species may provide technical support for future research regarding the identification and screening system of C.×morifolium varieties.
Genetic Variation ; Chrysanthemum/genetics* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Biomarkers ; Phylogeny

Background: Patients with dyspepsia are the major group of outpatient department of gastroenterology. Dyspeptic symptoms are closely related to anxiety and/or depression. However, the relationship of anxiety and/or depression to dyspeptic symptoms in outpatients undergoing gastroscopy is still unclear. Aims: To investigate the incidence of anxiety and/or depression in outpatients undergoing gastroscopy and its correlation with the severity of dyspepsia. Methods: Outpatients underwent gastroscopy from November 2021 to December 2021 at West China Hospital, Sichuan University were recruited. Generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate anxiety and depression, respectively. Rome diagnostic questionnaire for functional gastrointestinal disorders, severity of dyspepsia assessment questionnaire, visceral sensitivity index were used to evaluate dyspepsia. The correlation of anxiety and/or depression with dyspepsia was analyzed. Results: A total of 458 questionnaires were collected effectively, including 146 (31.9%) patients with anxiety and/or depression. Compared with the non-anxiety and depression group, the number of gastroscopy in the anxiety and/or depression group was significantly higher (P<0.05). Compared with the non-anxiety and depression group, the incidences of extremely mild/mild dyspepsia, moderate/severe epigastric fullness, postprandial fullness, epigastric pain and belching were significantly increased in the anxiety and/or depression group (P<0.05). Anxiety and/or depression was significantly correlated with the severity of dyspepsia and visceral sensitivity (r=0.421, r=0.143; P< 0.05). Conclusions: Anxiety and/or depression is common in outpatients undergoing gastroscopy; anxiety and/or depression may lead to repeated endoscopic examinations; anxiety and/or depression is significantly correlated with dyspepsia and visceral sensitivity.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers with high morbidity and mortality rates. EC includes two histological subtypes, namely esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). ESCC primarily occurs in East Asia, whereas EAC occurs in Western countries. The currently available treatment strategies for EC include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, molecular targeted therapy, and combinations thereof. However, the prognosis remains poor, and the overall five-year survival rate is very low. Therefore, achieving the goal of effective treatment remains challenging. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy for EC, and comprehensively analyze the application prospects and existing problems of immunotherapy. Collectively, this review aims to provide a better understanding of the currently available drugs through in-depth analysis, promote the development of new therapeutic agents, and eventually improve the treatment outcomes of patients with EC.

Objective: To explore the effect of the perforator flap of the proper digital artery on the ulnar or radial side of the finger in the treatment of webbed scar contracture of the same finger in child. Methods: From January 2012 to January 2016, 26 children who were treated with dressing change after burn of finger and then had webbed scar contracture along with growth and development were hospitalized in our unit, involving a total of 50 fingers. There were 14 males and 12 females among the children aged from 2 to 14 years. After the scar was dissected and released, the wound area ranged from 1.6 cm×1.0 cm to 5.0 cm×2.6 cm. The perforator flap of the proper digital artery of the ulnar or radial side of the same finger was used to repair the wound. The flap area ranged from 1.8 cm×1.0 cm to 4.6 cm×1.8 cm. The donor sites were sutured directly. The residual wounds in donor and recipient sites were repaired by full-thickness skin graft collected from inguinal area/adjacent area or adjacent perforator flap. The postoperative development and function of the fingers were followed up and observed. The range of motion of the fingers was evaluated according to the Chinese Medical Association Hand Surgery Society′s upper limb functional evaluation trial standard, the Kantor Scar Cosmesis Assessment and Rating Scale was used to score the scar of finger, and the latest data were recorded. Results: The flaps and skin grafts survived successfully after operation. The patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months. The perforator flaps of the proper digital artery on the ulnar or radial side of the finger survived well at the latest follow-up, with good color and texture and a two-point discrimination distance of 9 to 12 mm. There was no contracture of the fingers, a little pigmentation in the skin graft area, no flexion deformity of the fingers, no lateral bending of the fingers to the flap-harvesting side, and no scar contracture at the webs of the fingers. Compared with that of healthy side, the development of finger was not obviously abnormal. The range of motion of the fingers was excellent in 38 fingers and good in 12 fingers, and the scar score of the fingers was 2-3 points in 31 fingers, 4-7 points in 15 fingers, and 8-10 points in 4 fingers. Conclusions The efficacy of perforator flap of the proper digital artery of the ulnar or radial side of finger in the treatment of the webbed scar contracture of the same finger in child is reliable, with high postoperative survival rate of the flap, better color and texture, and fewer complications, which can avoid the risk of re-contracture of the finger in a short period after operation, and does not affect the growth and development of the finger.

Objective To explore the effects of nursing human resources training and performance appraisal information management in a grassroots hospital. Methods From January 2017, Beilun branch hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, carried out self-developed nursing human resources training and performance appraisal information management. We selected 50 nurses before information management (between July to December 2016) and 50 nurses after information management (between January to June 2017) as subjects. And then, we compared the theoretical examination achievements, operation examination achievements, the score of nursing quality and satisfaction with training of nurses before and after implementation. Results After information management the scores of theoretical examination achievements, operation examination achievements, the score of nursing quality of nurses were (93.48±1.95), (94.98±1.87) and (95.43±1.05) respectively higher than those before information management with significant differences (t=17.088, 18.035, 20.392;P<0.01). The satisfaction rate of nurses increased from 64.00% to 96.00% with a significant difference (χ2=16.000,P<0.01). Conclusions The application of information management in nursing human resources training and performance appraisal in a grassroots hospital can improve theoretical and operation examination achievements, increase satisfaction with training of nurses and improve nursing quality. It is worth to be popularized and applied in grassroots hospitals.

Objective To evaluate the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress in trophocytes,in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).Methods Sixty-one pregnant women who were hospitalized in Women's Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University from January to December 2015 were recruited.Thirty-one women who were diagnosed as ICP were defined as the ICP group and 30 healthy pregnant women were defined as the control group.The localization and expression intensity of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP-78) in placental tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry technique.Electronic microscope was used to observe ultra-microstructure change of the endoplasmic reticulum in trophocytes and cell line Swan71.Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and western blot were used to investigate the expression of GRP-78 mRNA and protein in Swan 71 cell.Results (1) GRP-78 protein was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts.The protein expression of GRP-78 in placentas of the ICP group (13.2±2.4) was significantly higher than that in the control group (7.8±1.3,P＜0.01).(2) The volume of endoplasmie reticulum did not increase and the microvilli developed well,with no swelling and no expansion of endoplasmic reticulum in the control group.In the ICP group,microvilli injury,endoplasmic reticulum edema were found;the volume of endoplasmic reticulum increased,with dilation,vacuolation and significant degranulation.After treated with 100 μmol/L cholyglycine for 24 hours,universal dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum were seen in the Swan71 cells.(3) In Swan71 cells,cholylglycine displayed a concentration-dependent up-regulation on the expression of GRP-78.The expressions of GRP-78 mRNA in 0,25,50,100 μmol/L cholylglycine experimental group were 1.01±0.17,2.17±0.16,5.47±0.36,5.65 ± 0.82,respectively.The expression of GRP-78 protein in 0,25,50,100 μmol/L cholylglycine experimental group were 1.01±0.04,1.17±0.15,1.33±0.13,1.73±0.13,respectively.The expression of GRP-78 mRNA and protein in 100 and 50 μ mol/L cholylglycine experimental group were significantly higher than 0 μmol/L (all P＜0.01).Conclusion The obvious expansion of endoplasmic reticulum and the increased expression of GRP-78 in trophocytes indicated that endoplasmic reticulum stress of trophocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis of ICP.

BACKGROUNDA new procedure of colonic anastomosis with a degradable stent has already been proven to be simple, feasible, and safe in our porcine model. In this study, we evaluated its impact on the colonic physiologic functions.

METHODSA total of 20 pigs were assigned randomly to either a stent anastomosis group (SA, n = 10) or a conventional anastomosis group (CA, n = 10). Colonic anastomosis with a degradable stent was performed in the SA group, and conventional hand-sewn anastomosis was performed in the CA group. Body weight, fecal weight, total colonic transit time, immunohistochemistry staining of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), plasma diamine oxidases (DAO) levels, and Western blotting analysis of occludin were evaluated before and after anastomosis.

RESULTSNo obvious diarrhea or constipation was observed in all pigs. No significant difference in body weight between the groups was detected at any time. Yet, the fecal weight was less in the CA group compared with the SA group on postoperative day (POD) 7. No observable colonic paralysis or retention occurred. For total colonic transit time, there was no significant difference between the two groups at any time or among different time points in the same group. The integrated optical density of ICC showed no significant difference on either POD 14 or 30. The plasma DAO levels were remarkably elevated after surgery, and began to decrease since POD 3. However, there was no significant difference between both two groups in plasma DAO levels at any time either. For both groups, the expression of occludin was not significantly different from their pre-surgery level on either POD 14 or 30.

CONCLUSIONSAccording to these results, this procedure with a degradable stent was supposed to be the same as the conventional hand-sewn procedure in their impact on the colonic physiologic functions.

Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Animals ; Colon ; surgery ; Stents ; Swine

BACKGROUNDSurgical treatment has become the standard treatment for nontraumatic diseases of the spleen. This meta-analysis compared the relative merits of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) with open splenectomy (OS) for nontraumatic splenic diseases.

METHODSA literature search was performed to identify studies comparing perioperative outcomes in patients who underwent LS or OS for nontraumatic diseases. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed- or random-effects model.

RESULTSThirty-five studies matched the selection criteria. Of the 7 269 patients included 3 981 underwent LS and 3 288 underwent OS for nontraumatic diseases. OS was associated with shorter operation time (WMD = 42.65, 95% CI: 25.58-59.73), whereas LS was associated with reduced operative blood loss (WMD = -133.95, 95% CI: -229.02 to -38.88), need for blood transfusion requirement (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.39-0.72), overall postoperative morbidity rate (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.38-0.51), postoperative mortality rate (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.24-0.59), and length of hospital stay (WMD = -2.73, 95% CI: -3.34 to -2.12).

CONCLUSIONSLS is superior to OS for nontraumatic diseases, with reduced operative blood loss, need for blood transfusion, postoperative morbidity and mortality rates, and length of hospital stay, although OS is associated with reduced operation time. LS may be a good alternative to OS for patients with nontraumatic splenic diseases.

Humans ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Spleen ; surgery ; Splenectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Splenic Diseases ; surgery

BACKGROUNDLiver fibrosis normally progresses to cirrhosis and destroys the normal architecture of the liver, resulting in liver dysfunction and irreversible cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-fibrosis effect and the possible underlying mechanisms of decorin.

METHODSThe mice model of liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50% (v/v) of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) diluted in olive oil (1 ml/kg body weight) once every 2 days for 5 weeks. Three weeks after injecting CCl4 intraperitoneally, mice were randomly divided into normal control with vehicles only (olive oil), mouse model given CCl4 only, and CCl4 plus decorin (DCN, 250 µg/kg). Two weeks later, all the mice were sacrificed and their liver tissues were analyzed for the expressions of genes related to liver fibrosis and under hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining, and immunohistochemical staining of all groups. Aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and total bilirubin of the serum were determined for evaluation of the liver function.

RESULTSExogenous protein decorin could reduce liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in mice. The degree of fibrosis in the experimental group was alleviated, and the contents of collagen fibers were lower in the experimental group than those of the control group. In addition, expressions of transforming growth factor β1 and α-smooth muscle actin decreased in the experimental group.

CONCLUSIONSTaking liver fibrosis model of mouse as the experimental target and by injecting exogenous protein decorin into the model, we confirmed that decorin could inhibit the expression of proteins related to fibrosis and reduce the formation of liver fibrosis in mice.

Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; toxicity ; Decorin ; therapeutic use ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Cirrhosis ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Mice ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism