Objective:To explore the effect of health education based on outcome-based concept on self-management ability and glycemic control in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes melittus (T2DM).Methods:A total of 103 T2DM patients admitted in the Endocrinology Department of 903 Hospital of PLA from March 2022 to September 2022 were recruited and randomly divided into study group ( n=52) and control group ( n=51). Routine health education was given to all patients, while additional outcome-based health education was provided by diabetes specialist nurses for the study group during hospitalization. At 12 weeks after discharge, the self-management ability and glycemic control were compared between the two groups. Results:At 12 weeks after discharge, patients in the study group had significantly better self-management ability (dietary control: (4.06±0.75) vs. (3.70±0.88), t=2.50, regular exercise: (3.88±0.62) vs. (3.52±0.94), t=2.30, medical compliance: (4.47±0.51) vs. (4.12±0.64), t=3.14, self blood glucose monitoring: (3.43±0.87) vs. (2.94±0.95), t=2.71, foot care: (3.56±0.57) vs. (2.77±0.87), t=5.42, and management of hyper or hypoglycemia:(3.65±0.72) vs. (3.24±0.96), t=2.48); glycemic control (fasting blood glucose: (6.31±0.90) vs. (6.88±1.37)mmol/L, t=-2.46, 2-h postprandial blood glucose: (8.39±1.64) vs. (9.27±2.50)mmol/L, t=-2.11, HbA1c: (6.76±0.98)% vs. (7.17±0.93)%, t=-2.22). The control rate of HbA1c in the study group was significantly higher and the incidence of hypoglycemia was significantly lower than those in the control group (78.8%(41/52) vs. 58.8%(30/51), χ 2=4.82 and 11.5%(6/52) vs. 29.4%(15/51), χ 2=5.07, respectively). Conclusions:The outcome-based health education can effectively enhance self-management ability and glycemic control in hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective:To investigate the effect of high glucose on the release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in placental trophoblast by activating NLRP3 inflammasome.Methods:Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) placentas and control placentas were collected and the expression levels of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 were determined. Human placental trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo were cultured and divided into control group(5.5 mmol/L glucose), high glucose group(25 mmol/L glucose), DMSO+ high glucose group, and Ac-YVAD-cmk(NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor)+ high glucose group. The expression levels of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in cells as well as the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in the medium were determined.Results:The expression levels of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in GDM placenta were higher than those in control placenta( P<0.05) and positively correlated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistant index(HOMA-IR) and fasting insulin. The expression levels of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in HTR-8/SVneo cells and the secretion levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in high glucose group were higher than those in control group( P<0.05). Ac-YVAD-cmk significantly suppressed high glucose-stimulated IL-1β and IL-18 secretion( P<0.05). Conclusion:High glucose promotes the release of IL-1β and IL-18 from placental trophoblast via activating NLRP3 inflammasome.

Eighty patients with hyperthyroidism treated in PLA 903 Hospital from February 2016 to May 2017 were randomly divided into two groups with 40 cases in each group.Patients in control group received routine outpatient education and those in study group received regular formatted mobile short message during follow-up in addition to routine education.The knowledge of disease,the compliance and satisfaction of treatment were assessed.After 12 weeks of follow-up,the TSH level was higher [0.430(0.050,2.806) vs.0.210(0.003,1.098) mU/L,Z=-8.07,P＜0.01],FT3 [(3.24± 1.18) vs.(4.18±2.07)ng/L,t=-2.49,P＜ 0.05] and FT4 levels [(12.43±6.82) vs.(19.58±19.06) ng/L,t=-2.26,P＜0.05] were lower in study group than those in control group.The scores of disease knowledge (6.12± 1.77 vs.5.25±1.79,t=4.67,P＜0.05),the Morisky scores of medication compliance (3.77±0.47 vs.3.37±0.73,t=8.22,P＜0.01),the rates of compliance for returning (85％ vs.65％,x2=4.27,P＜0.05) and the satisfaction rates with treatments (93％ vs.75％,x2=3.30,P＜0.05) in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group.The score of disease knowledge in study group increased from 4.32± 1.55 before treatment to 6.12± 1.77 after 12 weeks of follow-up (t=22.65,P＜0.01).The results indicate that the health education plus regular formatted text message during follow-up can effectively improve the disease knowledge score,the compliance and satisfaction with treatment in patients with hyperthyroidism.

The clinical data of 96 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated in Department of endocrinology of our hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had been treated with metformin ≥1 000 mg combined with sulfonylureas for>12 weeks and their glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was>7.5%. On the basis of the original scheme, 57 patients received oral sitagliptin (100 mg q.d, sitagliptin group) and 39 patients received insulin glargine injection (insulin group) for 26 weeks. The blood lipid, liver and kidney function were examined before and after treatment. The abdominal visceral fat area (VFA) was measured by CT scan. Results showed that the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) , 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2 hPG) and HbA1c were significantly lower than baseline levels in both groups(P<0.05). The decrease of VFA in sitagliptin and insulin groups was by 9.6 (1.4,19.6)cm² and by 8.3(-2.2,26.8) cm², respectively; there was significant difference in variation of VFA before and after treatment between the two groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in blood pressure, liver function (ALT, AST) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before and after treatment in the sitagliptin group (P>0.05). Additional sitagliptin administration can effectively and safely reduce HbA1c and decrease the abdominal visceral fat content in T2DM patients who failed to metformin and sulfonylureas combined therapy.

Objective To study the effect of hydrogen sulfide on the production of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) through a distintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) in adipocytes. Methods 3T3-L1 cells were cultured and induced to differentiate into adipocytes, then treated with different doses of sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), L-cysteine or transfected with cystathionine-γ-lyase ( CSE) siRNA, ADAM17 siRNA or treated with ADAM17 inhibitor, monoclonal antibody. 24 hours after treatment, the expression of ADAM17, CSE, and the production of sFlt-1 were determined. Results After the treatment of 10, 25, 50 nmol/L NaHS or 0. 5, 1. 0, 2. 0 μmol/L L-cysteine, the expression of ADAM17 and the production of sFlt-1 in adipocytes were significantly decreased, the higher dose of L-cysteine and sFlt-1, the lower expression of ADAM17 and the production of sFlt-1; the effect of 2.0 μmol/L L-cysteine decreasing the expression of ADAM17 and the production of sFlt-1 were reversed by transfection of CSE siRNA; after the transfection of ADAM17 siRNA and treatment of ADAM17 inhibitor or monoclonal antibody, the production of sFlt-1 in adipocytes were significantly decreased. Conclusion Hydrogen sulfide can reduce the production of sFlt-1 in adipocytes by downregulating the expression of ADAM17.

Objective It is to observe the clinical effect of Wenxinkeli combined with metoprolol on frequent ventricular premature beat (FVEB).Methods234 patients with FVEB were randomly divided into the study group and control group.117 patients in the control group were treated with metoprolol combined with placebo, and 117 patients in the stduy group were treated with Wenxinkeli combined with metoprolol.4 weeks were a course of treatment.After four weeks, the heart rate variability, QT interval dispersion and 24h average heart rate of two groups were observed, and the clinical effect were evaluated.ResultsAfter 4 weeks of treatment, 5 cases in the study group and 7 cases in the control group were excluded.The efficiency of control group and study group were 89.29% and 79.09% (P<0.05), respectively.After treatment, the SDNN、SDANN、RMSSD and PNN50 of two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05), and the increase value of the study group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment, the QTd and QTcd of two groups were decreased than those before treatment(P<0.05), and the decreased value of the study group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant change in the heart rate of the two groups before and after treatment.ConclusionWenxinkeli combined with metoprolol in the treatment of FVEB can prolong HRV, reduce QTd, improve the treatment effect, has no significant effect on the heart rate.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes(T2DM) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). METHODS:106 patients with T2DM with NAFLD were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Control group was received health education about T2DM with NAFLD and living intervention(diabe-tes diet and physical therapy);observation group was additionally given Metformin tablet 0.5 g,orally,3 times a day. The treat-ment course for both groups was 12 weeks. Clinical efficacy,and liver fat content,BMI,FPG,IR,TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C,HbA1c before and after treatment,and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:After treatment,liver fat con-tent and related index in 2 groups were significantly better than before(except HOMA-IR in control group),and observaton group was better than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on the conventional treatment,metformin has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of T2DM with NAFLD.

Objective To investigate abdominal visceral fat area and its relationship with insulin resistance in male patients with type 2 diabetes and normal body mass index (BMI).Methods Seven male patients with type 2 diabetes and normal BMI were divided into two groups according to the abdominal visceral fat area (VFA) measured by CT:visceral obesity group (VFA ≥ 100 cm2) and non-visceral obesity group.Indicators of glucose and lipids metabolism were measured in two groups.Results Among 70 patients 50 (71％) had visceral obesity.In 59 patients who had normal BMI and normal waist circumference (≤90 cm),41 presented visceral obesity (69％).Compared with non-visceral obesity group,the waist circumference,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR),triglyceride,and VFA were significantly higher in visceral obesity group [(86.4 ± 5.6) vs.(81.2 ± 4.8) cm,t =-2.980,P ＜ 0.01;2.83±2.31 vs.2.01±1.30,t=-2.025,P＜0.05;1.93(1.26-2.79) vs.1.11(0.75-1.46) mmol/L,Z=-3.777,P＜0.01;(143.6 ±31.8)vs.(73.7 ±17.3)cm2,t =-11.456,P＜0.01].Fasting insulin,fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin tended higher in visceral obesity group but not significantly (P ＞ 0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that after adjustment for age and body mass index,abdominal VFA was positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r =0.240,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Male type 2 diabetic patients have a high rate of visceral obesity even when their body mass index and waist circumference are normal.Abdominal visceral fat area is closely associated with insulin resistance.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight,obesity and related metabolic diseases among male public institution office workers in health check-up.Methods Total 1 018 male public institution office workers aged 23-60 underwent annual health check-up at our hospital in 2012.The data including blood pressure,waist circumference,height,body weight,serum glucose,plasma lipids and serum uric acid were analyzed.According to body mass index (BMI),the subjects were classified as:underweight(BMI ＜ 18.5 kg/m2),normal weight (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ＜ 24 kg/m2),overweight (24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ＜ 28 kg/m2) and obesity(BMI≥28 kg/m2).Results The prevalence of overweight,obesity,central obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) were 40.9％ (416/1 018),7.9％ (80/1 018),53.0％ (540/1 018),and 11.2％ (114/1 018),respectively.There were significant differences in fasting blood glucose (FPG),TC,TG,uric acid(UA),systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) levels among different groups (F =4.82,12.09,40.55,6.19,28.97 and 49.29,respectively,all P ＜0.01).The prevalence rate of hypertension in underweight,normal,overweight and obesity groups was 0,11.8％,27.4％ and 37.5％,respectively; that of diabetes was 0,1.6％,5.5％ and 10.0％,respectively; that of hyperlipidemia was 40.0％,47.2％,66.3％ and 71.2％,respectively; that of hyperuricemia was 0,5.0％,13.5％ and 13.8％,respectively,which showed that with the increasing of BMI,the prevalence rates of related metabolic diseases were increased(x2 =55.97,9.65,43.32 and 24.08,all P ＜0.01).And the co-morbidity rate with ≥3 diseases in 4 BMI groups were 0(0/20),1.4％ (7/502),5.8％ (24/416) and 13.8％ (11/80),respectively (x2 =31.90,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Obesity and overweight are correlated with metabolic disorders and the obese subjects are at high risk for cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To investigate the association of serum visfatin and free fatty acid (FFA) with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods One hundred and nineteen patients with T2DM and 65 health subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were enrolled in the study.TheT2DM patients were further classified as insulin resistant (HOMA-IR ＞ 2.8 mU/L,T2DM-IR group,n =61) and non-insulin resistant (HOMA-IR≤2.8 mU/L,T2DM-NIR group,n =58).Serum visfatin,free fatty acid and related clinical variables were measured,and HOMA-IR was calculated.Results The serum levels of visfatin and FFA in T2DM patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls [(4.7 ±2.5) vs.(1.7±0.9) ng/L,t=-11.831,P＜0.01; (1.65±0.69) vs.(0.61 ±0.21) mmol/L,t=-9.239,P ＜0.01].The serum levels of visfatin and FFA in T2DM-IR group were significantly higher than those in T2DM-NIR group [(6.3±2.3) vs.(3.0±1.4) ng/L,P＜0.01; (2.16±0.45) vs.(1.12± 0.46) mmol/L,P ＜0.01].Multiple regression analysis showed that FFA,fasting insulin level and waist/ hip ratio (WHR) were independent risk factors of serum visfatin level (r =0.564,0.267 and 0.188 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Serum levels of visfatin and FFA are increased in T2DM,and they are closely associated with insulin resistance.