Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides in the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression.Methods An open,single-arm,multi-center design was adopted in our study.Adult patients with mild and moderate depression who had received acute treatment of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides were enrolled and continue to receive Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules for 24 weeks,the dose remained unchanged during continuation treatment.The remission rate,recurrence rate,recurrence time,and the change from baseline to endpoint of Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Clinical Global Impression-Severity(CGI-S)and Arizona Sexual Experience Scale(ASEX)were evaluated.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was reported.Results The scores of HAMD-17 at baseline and after treatment were 6.60±1.87 and 5.85±4.18,scores of HAMA were 6.36±3.02 and 4.93±3.09,scores of CGI-S were 1.49±0.56 and 1.29±0.81,scores of ASEX were 15.92±4.72 and 15.57±5.26,with significant difference(P＜0.05).After continuation treatment,the remission rate was 54.59％(202 cases/370 cases),and the recurrence rate was 6.49％(24 cases/370 cases),the recurrence time was(64.67±42.47)days.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 15.35％(64 cases/417 cases).Conclusion Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules can be effectively used for the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression,and are well tolerated and safe.

AIM:To investigate the myopia of junior high school students in Enshi, Hubei province with different selenium content, and analyze the correlation between the level of serum selenium, hair selenium and myopia.METHODS:A cross-sectional study. A total of 600 students from grades 1-3 of junior high schools(100 students in each grade)in selenium-rich(selenium in soil ≥1.28mg/kg)and selenium-deficient(selenium in soil <1.28mg/kg)areas were randomly selected from September 2020 to September 2021, respectively. The level of serum selenium, hair selenium, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and myopia condition were determined.RESULTS:The serum and hair selenium of myopic group(n=244, 40.7%)were 75.14±11.16μg/L and 0.51±0.01μg/g, respectively. Those in the non-myopic group(n=356, 59.3%)were 110.24±12.14μg/L and 0.68±0.02 μg/g, respectively. The serum selenium and hair selenium in the two groups were different(all P<0.01). The serum selenium of 300 students in the selenium-deficient area was 76.74±11.25μg/L, the hair selenium was 0.45±0.01 μg/g, and the number of myopia cases was 154(51.3%); The serum selenium of 300 students in selenium-rich areas was 102.31±10.26 μg/L, the hair selenium was 0.71±0.02 μg/g, and the number of myopia cases was 90(30.0%), the serum and hair selenium in the selenium-rich areas were significantly higher than those compared with the students in selenium-deficient areas, and the myopic incidence was significantly reduced(all P<0.01). The level of GSH-Px of the two areas was 114.65±12.12U/L vs 75.34±13.20U/L(Z=37.994, P<0.01). There is a negative correlation between serum and hair selenium and the myopic incidence(r=-0.542, -0.621, P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Serum and hair selenium is significantly associated with myopia of junior high school students in Enshi, which may provide new ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of myopia.

Objective: To explore the protective effect and mechanisms of Renshen Sinitang and its active ingredients on cardiomyocyte injury induced by pentobarbital sodium. Method: H9C2 cells were sub-cultured with ginsenoside Rb₂ 0.01, 0.1, 1 μmol ·L^-1, Re 0.01, 0.1, 1 μmol·L^-1, isoliquiritigenin 20, 40, 80 μmol·L^-1, glycyrrhetinic acid 10, 20, 40 μmol·L^-1, Renshen Sinitang, 10, 100, 400 mg·L^-1, for 4 h. After treatment with 0.1% of sodium pentobarbital for 30 min, cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA), Na⁺-K⁺-adenosine triphosphate(ATP) ase, Ca²⁺-ATPase activity, and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) were used to detect the expressions of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-1α (PGC-1α), B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein(Bax) and cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3(Caspase-3) mRNA. Result: Renshen Sinitang and its active ingredients have a protective effect on heart failure cell model. Compared with the normal group, the cell survival rate of the model group decreased significantly, while the LDH and MDA contents increased significantly, and the Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity increased. Ca²⁺-ATPase activity was significantly decreased, PGC-1α mRNA expression was down-regulated, Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA expressions indicates the modeling(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, each administration group showed a significantly increased cell viability, decreased LDH, MDA content, inhibited Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity, increased Ca²⁺-ATPase activity, up-regulated PGC-1α mRNA expression, and inhibited Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA expression (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Renshen Sinitang and its active ingredients have a significant protective effect on heart failure cell model, and its mechanisms of action are related to anti-oxidation, improvement of mitochondrial energy metabolism and inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

Objective:Compare the effects of 3 administration methods (tracheal perfusion, tail vein injection and aerosol inhalation) with bleomycin (BLM) in inducing pulmonary fibrosis in rats, in order to find out the optimal administration methods. Method:Eighty sprague-dawley (SD) male rats with SPF were randomly divided into aerosol inhalation blank group, single tracheal perfusion group(10 mg·kg^-1), multiple tracheal perfusion group(5 mg·kg^-1), single intravenous injection group(150 mg·kg^-1), multiple intravenous injection group(50 mg·kg^-1), single aerosol inhalation group (30 min)and multiple aerosol inhalation group(30 min). The mortality and body weight of rats in each group were observed at 7 d, 14 d and 28 d after the administration. And 28 days later after the administration, the lung coefficients of rats in each group were observed, paraffin sections were prepared, hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) and Masson staining were performed, and the contents of hydroxyproline (HYP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in lung tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), so as to evaluate the alveoli inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis of rats in each group. Result:Compared with the aerosol inhalation blank group, the rats in the trachea perfusion group had the highest mortality among the drug treatment groups. The pulmonary coefficients of rats in the multiple intravenous injection group and the multiple inhalation group were significantly higher than those in the blank group(P<0.05,P<0.01). The multiple inhalation group was higher than the other model group and the single atomization model group. The results of HE and Masson staining showed thickening of pulmonary septum and higher degree of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in tracheal perfusion group, intravenous injection group and multiple inhalation group. The degree of pulmonary fibrosis in the multiple inhalation group was more obvious than that in other groups. The results of ELISA showed that the levels of HYP and PAI-1 in lung tissues of rats in aerosol inhalation group and tracheal perfusion group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05). The multiple inhalation group and the single atomization inhalation group were significantly higher than other modules. Conclusion:Bleomycin was inhaled repeatedly to establish pulmonary fibrosis model. The pathological injury and physiological indexes of the model rats were relatively stable, which conforms with the evolution process of pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective: To clarify the antitussive, expectorant, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of Tanreqing inhalation solution, and provide basis and data support for further research and development of this preparation. Method: The methods of cough induced by ammonia and tracheal phenol red excretion were used to observe the antitussive and expectorant effects of Tanreqing inhalation solution in mice. The fever model of rats was established by intraperitoneal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide(LPS) to observe the antipyretic effect of the Tanreqing inhalation solution, the acute pneumonia model of rats was established by atomizing LPS inhalation, and the anti-inflammatory effect of Tanreqing inhalation solution was observed. Result: Tanreqing inhalation solution could reduce the number of coughs in mice induced by ammonia water, increase the amount of phenol red excretion in mouse trachea, decrease the levels of body temperature and its related regulatory factors of prostaglandin E₂(PGE₂) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) of rats induced by LPS, decrease the white blood cell(WBC) count and the neutrophil ratio(NEUT) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) of rats with LPS-induced acute pneumonia, and reduce the levels of nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in lung tissue. Conclusion: Tanreqing inhalation solution has obvious antitussive, expectorant, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects, which is worthy of further development and promotion.

OBJECTIVETo assess the quality of life (QOL) and hostile mentality trend (HMT) of 299 patients living with HIV/AIDS (Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome) in three provinces in China, and to understand the major concerns of the these patients.

METHODSThe SF-36 (short form -36) was used for assessing the QOL among 299 HIV-infected patients in Sichuan, Hubei and Guizhou provinces. Reliability and validity of SF-36 were evaluated. Consulting with experts and professionals, seven additional items were developed to evaluate the HMT. Mean scores of the 8 scales were compared between the patients and general rural residents in Sichuan province.

RESULTSFor SF-36, internal consistent coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) of the 8 scales were between 0.75 to 0.90, test-retest reliability coefficient ranged from 0.54 to 0.80. The item-subscale correlation coefficients ranged from 0.46 to 0.97. Mean scores of the 8 scales of the patients ranged from 28.50 to 77.87, and 70.27 to 91.87 for the general rural residents. The variations of the scales were tested by means of Mann-Whitney test with u value ranged from -17.43 to -23.87. The QOL of the patients living with HIV/AIDS were significantly inferior to those of general population (all P < 0.01). The mean scores of the seven items to evaluate HMT ranged from 46.21 to 82.89. The major concerns of the patients living with HIV/AIDS included financial insecurity and family responsibilities, followed by death threat and no cure of HIV/AIDS.

CONCLUSIONThe SF-36 is a reliable instrument for assessing QOL of patients living with HIV/AIDS. The QOL of the patients living with HIV/AIDS in China is poor.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; psychology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Educational Status ; Female ; HIV Infections ; psychology ; Hostility ; Humans ; Male ; Marital Status ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; standards ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of antisense epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) oligodeoxynucleotides on ultraviolet-induced c-jun activity of keratinocytes after EGF-R oligodeoxynucleotides transfect to HaCaT in vitro.

METHODSc-jun DNA binding activity after ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation and EGF-R oligodeoxynucleotides transfection were determined with a highly sensitive and specific colorimetric method. After EGF-R oligodeoxynucleotides transfection, the mRNA level of EGF-R was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method.

RESULTSCompared with control groups, c-jun activity increased significantly in UVB (10, 20, 30 mJ/cm2) irradiation groups (P < 0.05). EGF-R mRNA and c-jun activities induced by UVB were inhibited after the keratinocytes were transfected with EGF-R antisense oligodeoxynucleotides at 2, 4 and 8 microg/ml concentrations (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe ultraviolet-induced c-jun activity of keratinocytes can be mediated by EGF-R and inhibited by EGF-R antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, which is transfected to keratinocytes and mediated by lipofectamine.

Cell Line ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Keratinocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection ; Ultraviolet Rays

OBJECTIVETo develop a specific quality of life (QOL) instrument for Chinese patients living with HIV/AIDS and to assess its reliability and validity.

METHODSA primary questionnaire was developed with reference to existing instrument and information through discussion with experts, front-line professionals and patients living with HIV/AIDS. This questionnaire was applied in 443 patients living with HIV/AIDS. Some items were removed through the results of responsive rate, factor analysis, correlation matrix,internal consistency and so on. Reliability and validity were assessed after items reduction.

RESULTSThe developed instrument contained 44 items, including 10 scales and other 3 items used for the evaluation of curative effect and side effect of anti-virus drug. No substantial ceiling/floor effects existed. All scales' internal consistency coefficients were > or = 0.70 and the whole instrument was 0.90. The two week retest reliability coefficient of the whole instrument was 0.80, and there were 6 scales below 0.70 of this coefficient. Multitrait/multiitem assessment indicated scaling success rates were all 100% for all items. Spearman correlation coefficient of total score of this instrument with SF-36 was 0.69.

CONCLUSIONIt was the first time that the developed QOL-CPLWHA instrument introducing the scale of hostility regarding mentality trend as well as expressed its acceptable reliability and validity so could be used for the evaluation of Chinese patients living with HIV/AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; psychology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult