The modernization and development of traditional Chinese medicine has led to higher standards for the quality of traditional Chinese medicine products. The extraction process is a crucial component of traditional Chinese medicine production, and it directly impacts the final quality of the product. However, the currently relied upon methods for quality assurance of the extraction process, such as simple wet chemical analysis, have several limitations, including time consumption and labor intensity, and do not offer precise control of the extraction process. As a result, there is significant value in incorporating near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the production process of traditional Chinese medicine to improve the quality control of the final products. In this study, we focused on the extraction process of Xiao'er Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid (XXZOL), using near-infrared spectra collected by both a Fourier transform near-infrared spectrometer and a portable near-infrared spectrometer. We used the concentration of synephrine, a quality control index component specified by the pharmacopoeia, to achieve rapid and accurate detection in the extraction process. Moreover, we developed a model transfer method to facilitate the transfer of models between the two types of near-infrared spectrometers (analytical grade and portable), thus resolving the low resolution, poor performance, and insufficient prediction accuracy issues of portable instruments. Our findings enable the rapid screening and quality analysis of XXZOL onsite, which is significant for quality monitoring during the traditional Chinese medicine production process.

Objective: To compare the surgical outcome of robotic thyroidectomy through transoral approach and the bilateral breast-axillary approach. Methods: Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of patients who performed transoral robotic thyroidectomy (TORT group) or bilateral breast-axillary approach (BABA group) in the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army from July 2020 to May 2022. Both groups received lobectomy with lymph node dissection of the central region. A total of 100 cases were included in the study, including 48 cases in the TORT group and 52 cases in the BABA group. The propensity score matching method was used for 1∶1 matching of patients between the 2 groups, with a match tolerance of 0.03. There were 31 patients in each group successfully matched. In the TORT group, there were 5 males and 26 females, aged (33.2±7.9) years (range: 21 to 53 years). While there were 4 males and 27 females in the BABA group, aged (34.6±9.2) years (range: 19 to 58 years). The t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ² test or Fisher exact test were used to compare the clinical efficacy between the two groups. Results: All the patients successfully completed robotic thyroid surgery without conversion to open surgery. Compared with BABA group, the TORT group had longer operation time ((211.3±57.2) minutes vs. (126.2±37.8) minutes, t=6.915, P<0.01), shorter drainage tube retention time ((5.4±1.0) days vs. (6.4±1.2) days, t=-3.544, P=0.001), shorter total hospital stay ((6.6±1.2) days vs. (7.4±1.3) days, t=-2.353, P=0.022), and higher cosmetic score (9.46±0.25 vs. 9.27±0.26, t=2.925, P=0.005). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the number of lymph nodes dissection, metastasis in the central compartment, and the incidence of postoperative complications (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Compared with the bilateral breast-axillary approach, the transoral vestibular approach of robotic thyroidectomy is also safe and effective. It shows similar surgical results to the bilateral breast-axillary approach in strictly selected patients, but the postoperative recovery speed is much faster, and the hospital stay is shorter. Transoral robotic thyroidectomy is a more recommended surgical method for patients with high aesthetic demand.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery* ; Thyroidectomy/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Neck Dissection/methods* ; Axilla/pathology* ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sexual development in Chinese children. Methods: A nationwide multicenter and population-based large cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China from January 2017 to December 2018. Data on sex, age, height, weight were collected, BMI was calculated and sexual characteristics were analyzed. The subjects were divided into four groups based on age, including ages 3-<6 years, 6-<10 years, 10-<15 years and 15-<18 years. Multiple Logistic regression models were used for evaluating the associations of BMI with sexual development in children. Dichotomous Logistic regression was used to compare the differences in the distribution of early and non-early puberty among normal weight, overweight and obese groups. Curves were drawn to analyze the relationship between the percentage of early puberty and BMI distribution in girls and boys at different Tanner stages. Results: A total of 208 179 healthy children (96 471 girls and 111 708 boys) were enrolled in this study. The OR values of B2, B3 and B4+ in overweight girls were 1.72 (95%CI: 1.56-1.89), 3.19 (95%CI: 2.86-3.57), 7.14 (95%CI: 6.33-8.05) and in obese girls were 2.05 (95%CI: 1.88-2.24), 4.98 (95%CI: 4.49-5.53), 11.21 (95%CI: 9.98-12.59), respectively; while the OR values of G2, G3, G4+ in overweight boys were 1.27 (95%CI: 1.17-1.38), 1.52 (95%CI: 1.36-1.70), 1.88 (95%CI: 1.66-2.14) and in obese boys were 1.27 (95%CI: 1.17-1.37), 1.59 (95%CI: 1.43-1.78), and 1.93 (95%CI: 1.70-2.18) (compared with normal weight Tanner 1 group,all P<0.01). Analysis in different age groups found that OR values of obese girls at B2 stage and boys at G2 stage were 2.02 (95%CI: 1.06-3.86) and 2.32 (95%CI:1.05-5.12) in preschool children aged 3-<6 years, respectively (both P<0.05). And in the age group of 6-10 years, overweight girls had a 5.45-fold risk and obese girls had a 12.54-fold risk of B3 stage compared to girls with normal BMI. Compared with normal weight children, the risk of early puberty was 2.67 times higher in overweight girls, 3.63 times higher in obese girls, and 1.22 times higher in overweight boys, 1.35 times higher in obese boys (all P<0.01). Among the children at each Tanner stages, the percentage of early puberty increased with the increase of BMI, from 5.7% (80/1 397), 16.1% (48/299), 13.8% (27/195) to 25.7% (198/769), 65.1% (209/321), 65.4% (157/240) in girls aged 8-<9, 10-<11 and 11-<12 years, and 6.6% (34/513), 18.7% (51/273), 21.6% (57/264) to 13.3% (96/722), 46.4% (140/302), 47.5% (105/221) in boys aged 9-<10, 12-<13 and 13-<14 years, respectively. Conclusions: BMI is positively correlated with sexual development in both Chinese boys and girls, and the correlation is stronger in girls. Obesity is a risk factor for precocious puberty in preschool children aged 3-<6 years, and 6-<10 years of age is a high risk period for early development in obese girls.
Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Puberty ; Puberty, Precocious ; Sexual Development

Aim To evaluate the effects of puerarin (PR) on pancreatic islet MIN6 cell injury and apopto- sis induced by palmitic acirl ( PA).Methods MIN6 cells pretreated with 2 h different concentrations of PR were then co-cultured with 120 (xmol • L"1 PA for 24 h to establish the cell injury and apoptosis model.MTT, LDH,MDA and GSH were used to determine the dam¬age of MIN6 cells.AOEB fluorescence staining was used to detect the apoptosis of MIN6 cells.Western blot was used to detect the expressions of inflammation- related protein NF-kB , apoptosis-related factors Bcl-2 and Bax.Results Compared with model group, cell viability and GSH activity of puerarin administration groups increased, LDH and MDA contents decreased.the protein expressions of p-NF-KB and Bax were down-regulated, and the protein expressions of Bcl-2 were up-regulated (P <0.05).Conclusions Puerar- in ean improve the function of pancreatic islet cells by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation, and ameliorate pancreatic islet MIN6 cell injury and apoptosis induced by palmitic acid-induced, alleviate MIN6 cell injury in¬duced by inflammatory factors, which may be achieved by down-regulating the expression of p-NF-KB and Bax proteins,and up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 pro¬tein.

OBJECTIVE: To study the value of cleaved lymphocytes in peripheral blood smear in assisting the early diagnosis of pertussis. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood samples were collected from 107 children with pertussis-like disease. PCR-flow fluorescent hybridization was used to detect the nucleic acids of Bordetella pertussis. Based on the detection results, the children were divided into two groups: pertussis (n=52) and non-pertussis (n=55). According to age, the pertussis group was divided into two subgroups: <1 year old (n=42) and ≥1 year old (n=10). According to disease severity, the pertussis group was divided into another two subgroups: mild (n=45) and severe (n=7). An automatic blood cell analyzer was used to determine peripheral blood cell counts. Wright's staining and peroxidase staining were used to observe and count cleaved lymphocytes under a microscope. RESULTS: Cleaved lymphocytes in peripheral blood were round with small cytoplast, less cytoplasm and cleaved or lobulated nuclei. According to the negative peroxidase staining results, these cells were confirmed as lymphocytes. Compared with the non-pertussis group, the pertussis group had significantly higher leukocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, platelet count, and percentage of cleaved lymphocytes (P<0.001). For the children with pertussis, the <1 year old subgroup had significantly higher lymphocyte percentage, platelet count, and percentage of cleaved lymphocytes than the ≥1 year old subgroup (P<0.05). The severe subgroup had slightly higher leukocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, platelet count, and percentage of cleaved lymphocytes than the mild subgroup (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The detection of cleaved lymphocytes combined with peripheral blood cell counts provides a new option for the early diagnosis of pertussis in children.
Bordetella pertussis ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukocyte Count ; Lymphocytes ; Platelet Count ; Whooping Cough

Child ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; pathology ; Lymphedema ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Noonan Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics

OBJECTIVEShellfish are recognized as important vehicles of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis. The present study aimed to monitor norovirus contamination in oysters along the farm-to-fork continuum in Guangxi, a major oyster production area in Southwestern China.

METHODSOyster samples were collected monthly from farms, markets, and restaurants, from January to December 2016. Norovirus was detected and quantified by one-step reverse transcription-droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR).

RESULTSA total of 480 oyster samples were collected and tested for norovirus genogroups I and II. Norovirus was detected in 20.7% of samples, with genogroup II predominating. No significant difference was observed in norovirus prevalence among different sampling sites. The norovirus levels varied widely, with a geometric mean of 19,300 copies/g in digestive glands. Both norovirus prevalence and viral loads showed obvious seasonality, with a strong winter bias.

CONCLUSIONThis study provides a systematic analysis of norovirus contamination 'from the farm to the fork' in Guangxi. RT-ddPCR can be a useful tool for detection and quantification of low amounts of norovirus in the presence of inhibitors found particularly in foodstuffs. This approach will contribute to the development of strategies for controlling and reducing the risk of human illness resulting from shellfish consumption.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Salvianolic acid on myocardial ischemic injury of rats from the aspect of inhibiting inflammatory reaction.Methods Sixty Sprague Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n =15per group):sham operation group,model group,experimental-high (36 mg · kg-1) group,experimental-low (18mg · kg-1) group with intraperitoneal injection dosing.Same amount of distilled water was injected to sham operation group and model group,lasting for 4 days.Myocardial ischemia model was established by coronary artery ligation of left anterior descending (LAD) branch after the last administration.Six hours after the operation,the blood of eye canthus was collected to assay the levels of creatine kinase(CK),MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum.The heart was collected 24 h after the operation,stained by hematoxylin eosin (HE)and checked the pathological change of the cardiac muscle tissue,assayed the cardiac troponin (cTnT),tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in serum and myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured in myocardial tissue homogenate.Results After 6 hours' myocardial ischemia,the serum CK in sham operation group was (529.61 ± 141.93) U · L-1,CK-MB was (708.12 ±385.93) U · L-1,LDH was (330.12 ±158.38) U · L-1 and cTnT was (294.12 ±55.10)pg· mL-1 after 24 hours' myocardial ischemia.The serum CK in model group was (996.42 ± 413.42) U · L-1,CK-MB was (1346.11 ±558.30) U · L-1,LDH was (520.12 ±154.76) U · L-1and cTnT was (513.00 ±69.71)pg · mL-1after 24 hours' myocardial ischemia.The serum CK in experimental-low and experimental-high groups were (499.45 ±159.33),(514.91 ±98.82)U · L-1,CK-MB were (831.42 ±385.11),(592.10 ±206.32)U·L-1,LDH were (462.62 ±229.68),(437.72 ± 175.80)U· L-1,and cTnT were (431.12 ±106.00),(338.80 ± 76.92)pg · mL-1after 24 hours' myocardial ischemia.Compared with the sham operation group,the CK,CK-MB and LDH value in the serum of model group increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the model group,the salvianolic acid significantly both can decrease the CK and CK-MB in serum (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with sham operation group,the cTnT value in the serum of model group increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with model group,high dosage of salvianolic acid could significantly decrease the cTnT value (P ＜ 0.05).After 24 hours'myocardial ischemia,the TNF-α in serum of sham operation group was (118.90 ± 17.58) pg · mL-1,the MPO in heart tissue was (32.25 ± 3.75) U · L-1.The TNF-α in serum of model group was (156.00 ± 28.24) pg · mL-1,the MPO in heart tissue was (104.83 ±22.87) U · L-1.The TNF-α in serum of experimental-low and experimental-high groups were (136.05 ± 34.00),(125.06 ± 30.13) pg · mL-1,the MPO in heart tissue were (91.70 ±21.57),(68.00 ± 18.47) U · L-1.Compared with sham operation group,the TNF-α values in the serum and the MPO value in model group increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with model group,these values of experimental-high group decreased with significantly (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Salvianolic acid showed the protection of myocardial tissue,which also could significantly reduce the myocardial cell injury and inflammatory cell infiltration of cardiac myocytes,which could be related with the decreased levels of TNF-α and MPO.

Objective To study the temporal distribution regular pattern of under 5 mortality rate(U5MR)from 1 998 to 201 4 in Zhejiang Province,and to predict the under 5 mortality rate in 201 5.Methods A time series ARIMA (p,d,q) forecasting model for U5MR was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 statistical analysis software.Results The UMAR showed downward trend.The ARIMA(2,1 ,2)model of U5MR from 1 998 to 201 4 in Zhejiang Province is yt =-0.696 +0.636yt -1 +0.024yt -2 +0.340yt -3 +αt -0.003αt -1 +0.997αt -2 ,and the model fitting was good.Each of the actual mortality was consistent with the trend of model prediction,and was within the 95% confidence interval.The predicted value of U5MR was 4.08‰ (95% CI:1 .52‰ -6.64‰)in 201 5.Conclusion Time series analysis is an effective way to analyze the temporal distribution regular pattern of U5MR,which could be used for short -term prediction.

OBJECTIVETo investigate Chinese medical features of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with pulmonary infection.

METHODSUsing cluster analysis method, Chinese medical syndromes of 196 AIDS patients with pulmonary infection were analyzed. The distribution features of each syndrome type were analyzed according to the severity and CD4+ numerical analysis.

RESULTSBasic Chinese medical syndrome types could be summed up as three kinds: exterior invasion of wind heat and phlegm heat obstructing Fei syndrome (61 cases, 31.1%), Fei-Pi deficiency and Fei stagnation of phlegm syndrome (64 cases, 32.7%), Fei-Shen deficiency and yin deficiency induced inner heat syndrome (71 cases, 36.2%). There was statistical difference in the severity degree and the distribution of CD4 among the three syndrome types (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAIDS patients with pulmonary infection involve Fei, Shen, and Pi. The pathogenic factors were related to "wind", "heat", "phlegm", and "xu". The Chinese medical syndrome distribution was closely correlated with patients' immunity.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cluster Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Yang Deficiency ; diagnosis ; Yin Deficiency ; diagnosis ; Young Adult