AIM To identify the chemical components of Longmu Qingxin Mixture by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and study its material basis for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.METHODS The sample was detected by mass spectrometry in positive and negative ion mode on a Waters CORTECS? UPLC? T3 chromatographic column.The data were analyzed with Peakview 1.2 software and matched with the Natural Products HR-MS/MS Spectral Library 1.0 database,and the components were identified in combination with literature reports.The material basis of Longmu Qingxin Mixture for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was analysed according to the identified components.RESULTS Forty chemical components were identified,including 11 flavonoids,6 monoterpene glycosides,4 triterpene saponins,3 phenolic acids,6 alkaloids etc.,which mainly derived from Radix Astragali,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Radix Scutellariae,licorice root,Ramulus Uncariae cum,etc.,baicalein,formononetin,astragaloside Ⅳ and rhynchophylline may be the material basis for the therapeutic effect of Longmu Qingxin Mixture.CONCLUSION UPLC-Q-TOF-MS can quickly identify the chemical components of Longmu Qingxin Mixture.Flavonoids,triterpene saponins and alkaloids may be the material basis for Longmu Qingxin Mixture for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,which can provide the basis for its material basis research,quality standard establishment and pharmacological study of the dismantled formula.

italic>Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC is one of the most commonly used bulk medicinal herbs. It has important value in the fields of medicine, food and cosmetics, and its market demand is increasing year by year, and it has a good development prospect. In this study, based on 403 distribution records and 8 environmental variables, we used Maxent model to predict the potential distribution of P. grandiflorum under climate change. The results showed that the model simulation effect was the best when the Maxent parameter was FC (feature combination) = LQPH (L: linear features; Q: quadratic features; P: product features; H: hinge features) and RM (regularization multiplier) = 2.1, AUC (area under curve) = 0.901, and the model prediction showed that P. grandiflorum was widely distributed in 28 provinces of China under the current climate conditions, with a suitable area of 2 337 419.98 km². Under the influence of climate change in the future, the area of suitable habitat of P. grandiflorum showed a decreasing trend, and the distribution center as a whole showed a trend of northward and eastward shift. The distribution area of P. grandiflorum in the three main producing areas is affected by climate change, and the overall trend is that the future suitable distribution area of Chifeng in Inner Mongolia increases, while the future suitable distribution area of Zibo in Shandong and Taihe, Bozhou in Anhui decreases or even disappears under the SSP5-8.5 scenario (shared socioeconomic pathways). It is suggested to maintain and protect the ecological environment and germplasm resources of the reserved area suitable for the growth of P. grandiflorum, and increase the cultivation research in the expansion area of P. grandiflorum, so as to lay a foundation for the subsequent expansion of P. grandiflorum planting and to promote the protection and sustainable development of P. grandiflorum resources.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks,and to provide a basis for early identification of BPD in twin preterm infants in clinical practice.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks who were admitted to 22 hospitals nationwide from January 2018 to December 2020.According to their conditions,they were divided into group A(both twins had BPD),group B(only one twin had BPD),and group C(neither twin had BPD).The risk factors for BPD in twin preterm infants were analyzed.Further analysis was conducted on group B to investigate the postnatal risk factors for BPD within twins.Results A total of 904 pairs of twins with a gestational age of<34 weeks were included in this study.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with group C,birth weight discordance of>25%between the twins was an independent risk factor for BPD in one of the twins(OR=3.370,95%CI:1.500-7.568,P<0.05),and high gestational age at birth was a protective factor against BPD(P<0.05).The conditional logistic regression analysis of group B showed that small-for-gestational-age(SGA)birth was an independent risk factor for BPD in individual twins(OR=5.017,95%CI:1.040-24.190,P<0.05).Conclusions The development of BPD in twin preterm infants is associated with gestational age,birth weight discordance between the twins,and SGA birth.

This study aimed to explore the effects of akebiaquinata and dandelion extracts in impro-ving intestinal redox homeostasis in weaned rabbits.In the trial,120 35-day-old Ira rabbits weig-hing(1.22±0.08)kg were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the two-factor design,namely group C(basal diet),group D(basal diet+0.5％dandelion extract),group A(basal diet+0.5％akebiaquinata extract),and group DA(basal diet+0.5％dandelion extract+0.5％akebia-quinata extract),with 10 replicates in each group.The adapt period was one week and the experi-mental period was four weeks.At the last day,serum,liver tissue,jejunum and ileal mucosa samples were collected and stored for measurement.The results showed that:(1)First week,the average daily weight gain of group C was significantly lower than that of group D and group A(P＜0.05),and the feed weight ratio was significantly higher than that of group D and group A(P＜0.05).(2)The content of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in liver and serum was significantly reduced in akebiaquinata extract(P＜0.01),and the content of serum ROS in dandelion extract was significantly reduced(P＜0.01),and there were significant and extremely significant interac-tions in liver and serum,respectively.Extracts of akebiaquinata and dandelion were effective in re-ducing the levels of oxidative damage markers in tissues and serum,but increasing the content of malondialdehyde in liver tissues.(3)Akebiaquinata extract significantly increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in serum(P＜0.01),and significantly reduced the activity of T-AOC in liver(P＜0.01)and superoxide dismutase in je-junum and liver(P＜0.05).Dandelion extract significantly increased the activity of T-AOC in ser-um and GSH-Px in jejunum(P＜0.05).The extracts of akebiaquinata and dandelion had a signifi-cant interaction effect on peroxidase in serum(P＜0.05).(4)The expression of Kelch-like ECH-as-sociated protein 1(Keap1)and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1)genes in the jejunum was significantly and extremely significantly reduced by akebiaquinata extract.The extracts of ake-biaquinata and dandelion had significant interaction effects on ileal NQO1,Heme oxygenase1 and Superoxide dismutase 2(P＜0.05)and Keap1(P＜0.01).The expression of NQO1 gene in liver tis-sue was significantly reduced by akebiaquinata extract(P＜0.05).Dandelion and Akebiaquinata ex-tracts can reduce the content of reactive oxygen species in vivo and alleviate oxidative damage.At the same time,dandelion and akebiaquinata extract can work together to regulate antioxidant gene expression and antioxidant enzyme activity through the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway to maintain intestinal redox homeostasis and relieve intestinal oxidative stress.

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of genetic and molecular changes in primary myeloid sarcoma(MS).Methods:Fourteen patients with primary MS were selected in Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences,The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang from September 2010 to December 2021.AML1-ETO fusion,PML-RARα fusion and CBFβ breakage were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),and the mutations of NPM1,CEBPA,FLT3,RUNX1,ASXL1,KIT and TP53 genes were detected by new generation sequencing(NGS).Results:Among 14 patients,the MS occurred in bone,breast,epididymis,lung,chest wall,cervix,small intestine,ovary,lymph nodes and central nervous system.The tumor cells expressed MPO(13 cases),CD34(7 cases),CD43(8 cases),CD68(7 cases),CD99(8 cases)and CD117(6 cases).Cytogenetic abnormalities were observed in 4 cases,including 3 cases of AML1-ETO fusion and 1 case of CBF β breakage,while no PML-RAR α fusion was detected.There were no significant differences in overall survival(OS)and leukemia-free survival(LFS)between patients with and without AML1-ETO fusion/CBFβ breakage(both P＞0.05).Among the 14 patients,the number of NPM1,CEBPA,FLT3-ITD,RUNX1,ASXL1,KIT and TP53 gene mutations was 5,3,5,3,2,2,1.respectively,of which 7 cases had at least one mutation in FLT3-ITD,RUNX1,ASXL1 and TP53 gene.The OS and LFS of patients with FLT3-ITD,RUNX1,ASXL1 or TP53 mutation were shorter than those without mutations(both P＜0.01).Conclusion:The genetic and molecular abnormalities of primary MS can be detected by FISH and NGS techniques.FLT3-ITD,RUNX1,ASXL1 or TP53 mutation indicates a worse prognosis,but further clinical studies are needed to confirm it.

Objective To preliminarily analyze the efficacy of laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 84 patients with ICC who underwent surgical resection from September 2010 to March 2023,including 45 cases in the laparoscopic surgery group and 39 in the open surgery group.By using propensity score matching,34 matched pairs were successfully identified.The study compared intraoperative blood loss,proportion of achieving≥6 lymph nodes dissection,R0 resection rate,complication,postoperative hospital stay,survival,and recurrence between the two groups.Results In the laparoscopic group,intraoperative blood loss was significantly less than that in the open surgery group(median:250 ml vs.750 ml,Z=-3.406,P=0.001).The proportion of achieving≥6 lymph node dissection in the former was lower than that in the latter,but the difference was not statistically significant(5.9%vs.17.6%,χ2=1.275,P=0.259).There was no statistical difference in R0 resection rate between the laparoscopic group and the open surgery group[88.2%(30/34)vs.82.4%(28/34),χ2=0.469,P=0.493].The complication rate in the laparoscopic group was 17.6%(6/34),significantly lower than 47.1%(16/34)in the open surgery group(χ2=6.719,P=0.010);however,the rate of severe complication was the same in both groups at 2.9%(χ2=0.000,P=1.000).Laparoscopic surgery significantly shortened the postoperative hospital stay(median:7 d vs.10 d,Z=-3.021,P=0.003).The median overall survival in the laparoscopic group was 60.6 months,significantly longer than 15.9 months in the open surgery group(log-rank χ2=5.788,P=0.016).The median recurrence-free survival was 26.4 months in the laparoscopic group,significantly longer than 7.6 months in the open surgery group(log-rank χ2=4.532,P=0.033).Conclusions Compared to open surgery,laparoscopic surgery for ICC offers advantages such as less blood loss,lower complication rate,shorter postoperative hospital stay and longer survival.It achieves comparable R0 resection rate and adequate lymph node dissection.

Objective:To explore the expression of PD-L1 and B7-H3 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and their relationship with the prognosis after surgery.Methods:Clinicopathological data of 63 ICC patients undergoing surgery at the Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, from Sep 2016 to Mar 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:PD-L1 and B7-H3 are highly expressed in 41.3% and 60.3% of ICC patients, respectively, and their expression levels were positively correlated with each other( P=0.005). High PD-L1 expression is significantly associated with poor tumor differentiation ( P=0.014), while high B7-H3 expression is significantly related to lymph node metastasis ( P=0.035). In patients with high co-expression of PD-L1 and B7-H3, the overall survival ( P=0.031) and recurrence-free survival ( P=0.031) were significantly decreased. High co-expression of PD-L1 and B7-H3 is an independent risk factor for recurrence in ICC ( HR=3.998, 95% CI: 1.211-13.198; P=0.023). Conclusions:ICC patients with high expression of both PD-L1 and B7-H3 have a poor prognosis. Using both as the combined biomarker significantly improves the prediction of long-term survival after surgery, compared to using either one alone.

As a traditional Chinese herb and functional food, the fruits of Lycium barbarum has been widely used for thousands of years in China. L. barbarum polysaccharides(LBPs) are predominant active components, which have immunomodulatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, neuroprotective, anti-tumor, and prebiotic activities. The molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bond, branching degree, protein content, chemical modification, and spatial structure of LBPs are closely related to their biological activity. Based on the previous studies of this research team, this paper systematically combed and integrated the research progress of structure, function, and structure-activity relationship of LBPs. At the same time, some problems restricting the clarification of the structure-activity relationship of LBPs were considered and prospected, hoping to provide references for the high value utilization of LBPs and in-depth exploration of their health value.
Lycium/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Antioxidants/pharmacology* ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Polysaccharides/chemistry*

The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of ligustilide, the main active constituent of essential oils of traditional Chinese medicine Angelicae Sinensis Radix, on alleviating oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R) injury in PC12 cells from the perspective of ferroptosis. OGD/R was induced in vitro, and 12 h after ligustilide addition during reperfusion, cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay. DCFH-DA staining was used to detect the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS). Western blot was employed to detect the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), transferrin receptor 1(TFR1), and solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11), and ferritinophagy-related proteins, nuclear receptor coactivator 4(NCOA4), ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1), and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3). The fluorescence intensity of LC3 protein was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The content of glutathione(GSH), malondialdehyde(MDA), and Fe was detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay. The effect of ligustilide on ferroptosis was observed by overexpression of NCOA4 gene. The results showed that ligustilide increased the viability of PC12 cells damaged by OGD/R, inhibited the release of ROS, reduced the content of Fe and MDA and the expression of TFR1, NCOA4, and LC3, and improved the content of GSH and the expression of GPX4, SLC7A11, and FTH1 compared with OGD/R group. After overexpression of the key protein NCOA4 in ferritinophagy, the inhibitory effect of ligustilide on ferroptosis was partially reversed, indicating that ligustilide may alleviate OGD/R injury of PC12 cells by blocking ferritinophagy and then inhibiting ferroptosis. The mechanism by which ligustilide reduced OGD/R injury in PC12 cells is that it suppressed the ferroptosis involved in ferritinophagy.
Animals ; Rats ; PC12 Cells ; Ferroptosis/genetics* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Transcription Factors ; Glutathione