Objective:To compare the difference between the Evidence Quality Grading System for Public Health Decision-making(PHE-Grading)and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)System in evaluating the quality of evidence for public health decision-making.Methods:Systematic reviews about topic"Public health"were electronically searched in the Cochrane Library database from inception to February 27,2024.EndNote 20 software was used for literature screening,Excel 2021 and SPSS 22.0 software were used for data collation and analysis,and the forest plot was drawn by RevMan 5.4.1 software.Results:A total of 61 systematic reviews were finally included for evidence quality evaluation.The forest plot of GRADE and PHE-Grading evidence grading results showed that high grade[OR:2.39,95%CI(1.21 to 4.75)],moderate grade[OR:0.40,95%CI(0.31 to 0.52)],low grade[OR:0.37,95%CI(0.29 to 0.46)],and extremely low grade[OR:85.11,95%CI(34.80 to 208.11)],and the differences in evidence quality grading results between the two systems were statistically significant.Conclusions:Compared with GRADE,PHE-Grading may be more accurate in grasping the certainty of public health decision-making evidence.Currently,the quality of public health decision-making evidence is still concentrated in low and middle level,and high-quality research still needs to be strengthened to support scientific decision-making.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks,and to provide a basis for early identification of BPD in twin preterm infants in clinical practice.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks who were admitted to 22 hospitals nationwide from January 2018 to December 2020.According to their conditions,they were divided into group A(both twins had BPD),group B(only one twin had BPD),and group C(neither twin had BPD).The risk factors for BPD in twin preterm infants were analyzed.Further analysis was conducted on group B to investigate the postnatal risk factors for BPD within twins.Results A total of 904 pairs of twins with a gestational age of<34 weeks were included in this study.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with group C,birth weight discordance of>25%between the twins was an independent risk factor for BPD in one of the twins(OR=3.370,95%CI:1.500-7.568,P<0.05),and high gestational age at birth was a protective factor against BPD(P<0.05).The conditional logistic regression analysis of group B showed that small-for-gestational-age(SGA)birth was an independent risk factor for BPD in individual twins(OR=5.017,95%CI:1.040-24.190,P<0.05).Conclusions The development of BPD in twin preterm infants is associated with gestational age,birth weight discordance between the twins,and SGA birth.

Interventions for endometriosis(EMs)include surgical excision of lesions and hormonal therapy,which usually have limited efficacy and adverse drug reactions.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has the multi-component and multi-target characteristics,which can help patients achieve good clinical benefits by intervening in different parts of the disease.In this paper,we briefly discuss the modern pharmacology of Sanlang and Curcuma longa,and deeply summarize the possible mechanisms of action of TCM monomer and classical compound extracts and their active ingredients through signal pathways in inflammation,immune system,angiogenesis,hormone regulation,etc.,so as to provide theoretical bases for the clinical use of TCM monomers,drug-to-drug groups and compounds in the treatment of EMs.

The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction(SFZY) against endometriosis fibrosis in mice, and decipher the underlying mechanism through the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN)/protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) pathway. Eighty-five BALB/c female mice were randomly assigned into a blank group, a model group, high-, medium, and low-dose SFZY(SFZY-H, SFZY-M, and SFZY-L, respectively) groups, and a gestrinone suspension(YT) group. The model of endometriosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of uterine fragments. The mice in different groups were administrated with corresponding groups by gavage 14 days after modeling, and the blank group and model group with equal volume of distilled water by gavage. The treatment lasted for 14 days. The body weight, paw withdrawal latency caused by heat stimuli, and total weight of dissected ectopic focus were compared between different groups. The pathological changes of the ectopic tissue were observed via hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and Masson staining. Real-time PCR was employed to measure the mRNA levels of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and collagen type Ⅰ(collagen-Ⅰ) in the ectopic tissue. The protein levels of PTEN, Akt, mTOR, p-Akt, and p-mTOR in the ectopic tissue were determined by Western blot. Compared with the blank group, the modeling first decreased and then increased the body weight of mice, increased the total weight of ectopic focus, and shortened the paw withdrawal latency. Compared with the model group, SFZY and YT increased the body weight, prolonged the paw withdrawal latency, and decreased the weight of ectopic focus. Furthermore, the drug administration, especially SFZY-H and YT(P<0.01), recovered the pathological and reduced the area of collagen deposition. Compared with the blank group, the modeling up-regulated the mRNA levels of α-SMA and collagen-Ⅰ in the ectopic focus, and such up-regulation was attenuated after drug intervention, especially in the SFZY-H and YT groups(P<0.05,P<0.01). Compared with the blank group, the modeling down-regulated the protein level of PTEN and up-regulated the protein levels of Akt, mTOR, p-Akt, and p-mTOR(P<0.01, P<0.001). Drug administration, especially SFZY-H and YT, restored such changes(P<0.01). SFZY may significantly attenuate the focal fibrosis in the mouse model of endometriosis by regulating the PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Female ; Animals ; Mice ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics* ; Choristoma ; Endometriosis/genetics* ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics* ; RNA, Messenger ; Signal Transduction ; Body Weight ; Mammals ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics*

Understanding of a variety of membranous structures throughout the body,such as the fascia,the serous membrane,is of great importance to surgeons. This is especially valuable in abdominal surgery. With the rise of membrane theory in recent years,membrane anatomy has been widely recognized in the treatment of abdominal tumors,especially of gastrointestinal tumors. In clinical practice. The appropriate choice of intramembranous or extramembranous anatomy is appropriate to achieve precision surgery. Based on the current research results,this article described the application of membrane anatomy in the field of hepatobiliary surgery,pancreatic surgery,and splenic surgery,with the aim of blazed the path from modest beginnings.
Humans ; Mesentery/surgery* ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Fascia/anatomy & histology*

Objective: To further elucidate the clinical efficacy and safety of a combination regimen based on the BTK inhibitor zebutanil bridging CD19 Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) in the treatment of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (r/r DLBCL) . Methods: Twenty-one patients with high-risk r/r DLBCL were treated with a zanubrutinib-based regimen bridging CAR-T between June 2020 and June 2023 at the Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, and the efficacy and safety were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All 21 patients were enrolled, and the median age was 57 years (range: 38-76). Fourteen patients (66.7%) had an eastern cooperative oncology group performance status score (ECOG score) of ≥2. Eighteen patients (85.7%) had an international prognostic index (IPI) score of ≥3. Three patients (14.3%) had an IPI score of 2 but had extranodal infiltration. Fourteen patients (66.7%) had double-expression of DLBCL and seven (33.3%) had TP53 mutations. With a median follow-up of 24.8 (95% CI 17.0-31.6) months, the objective response rate was 81.0%, and 11 patients (52.4%) achieved complete remission. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.8 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was not reached. The 1-year PFS rate was 52.4% (95% CI 29.8% -74.3%), and the 1-year OS rate was 80.1% (95% CI 58.1% -94.6%). Moreover, 18 patients (85.7%) had grade 1-2 cytokine-release syndrome, and two patients (9.5%) had grade 1 immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. Conclusion: Zanubrutinib-based combination bridging regimen of CAR-T therapy for r/r DLBCL has high efficacy and demonstrated a good safety profile.
Humans ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/therapeutic use* ; Retrospective Studies ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects* ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy* ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Antigens, CD19/adverse effects*

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of forest encephalitis, and provide basis for revising relevant diagnostic criteria. Methods: From January to December 2020, the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of forest encephalitis cases in the data of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Chinese journals from 2009 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The measurement data are expressed in Mean±SD, numbers, and the counting data of gender, region and occupation are expressed in numbers and composition ratio. Descriptive analysis of relevant data is carried out. Results: There were 1 153 confirmed cases of forest encephalitis reported in domestic literature, including 910 males and 243 females. Age: 16-78 years old; Cases were mainly distributed in Jilin Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Heilongjiang Province. The cases included forest rangers (112/518), freelancers (104/518) and loggers (88/518). The common symptoms and signs were fever 81.2% (936/1153), headache 70.3% (811/1153), meninges irritation 29.0% (334/1153), vomiting 25.3% (292/1153), nausea 21.8% (251/1153), etc. Only 48.1% (555/1153) of the patients obtained positive pathogenic test results from blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid specimens. 42.1% (485/1153) had definite diagnosis grade, 354 cases were mild, 58 cases were moderate, and 73 cases were severe. Among 730 patients with forest encephalitis who received complete treatment, 511 cases were cured, 148 cases were improved, 48 cases were not cured, and 23 cases died. Conclusion: The epidemic of forest encephalitis has strict regional, seasonal and occupational characteristics. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the mortality and disability rate.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Encephalitis, Tick-Borne ; Encephalitis/epidemiology* ; Headache ; Fever

ObjectiveTo investigate the dynamic change of monocyte-derived macrophages （MDMs） in chronic hepatitis B （CHB） during the treatment by ETV or TDF， and the association between the polarization of monocyte-derived macrophages （MDMs） and HBV DNA， HBeAg in CHB. MethodsPeripheral blood of 101 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 20 healthy donors were enrolled. MDMs were purified from 86 patients with CHB and 12 healthy donors by peripheral blood mononuclear cell （PBMC）. Flow cytometry was use to analyze the expression of specific markers on polarized macrophages to further evaluate the polarization of MDMs （M1/M2 MDMs）， including CD80， HLA-DR， CD163 and CD206. Additionally， qPCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors of MDMs in 15 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 8 healthy controls. ResultsThe proportion of CD163⁺CD206⁺MDMs （M2 MDMs） were reduced in patients with CHB （P = 0.030）， compared with healthy controls. Correspondingly， the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory factor， IL-10， decreased significantly （P = 0.040）. With the progress of nucleos（t）ide analogs （NAs） therapy， the proportion of CD163⁺CD206⁺MDMs （M2 MDMs） increased gradually （P < 0.001）， while the proportion of CD80⁺HLA-DR⁺MDMs （M1 MDMs） decreased gradually （P = 0.005）. In addition， M2 MDMs were negatively associated with both HBeAg （P = 0.019）， HBV DNA （P = 0.002）， AST （P = 0.048） and ALT （P = 0.030） in patients with CHB. ROC curve analysis showed that CD163⁺CD206⁺MDMs （M2 MDMs） had high predicting value for the virologic response of CHB during NA therapy， and could be used to predict undetectable HBV DNA ［ROC 95％CI： 0.705 （0.594，0.815）］ and HBeAg seroconversion ［ROC 95％CI： 0.740 （0.634，0.847）］. ConclusionsThere are dynamic changes of MDMs polarization in patients with CHB during NA therapy， and the negative correlation between the proportion of M2 MDMs and HBV DNA， HBeAg indicates that M2 MDMs could have a high predicting value in the virologic response of CHB during NA therapy.

Objective: To explore the role of parental reproductive age on the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring. Methods: The participants were derived from physical examination data of students aged 6-18 years in seven provinces in China, and questionnaire survey was used to collect demographic characteristics and lifestyle information of the students and their parents. A total of 41 567 children with complete data were included. According to the restricted cubic spline curve, maternal reproductive age was divided into three categories, 14-23, 24-28, and 29-38 years, and paternal reproductive age was divided into 14-23, 24-30, and 31-42 years. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between parental reproductive age and parental nutritional status and the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring. Results: The mean age of 41 567 children was (10.6±3.2) years, and the mean paternal and maternal age were (27.9±4.4) years and (25.8±4.0) years, respectively. The detection rate of overweight and obesity was 23.4%. After adjusting factors of children diet and behaviors, the OR(95%CI)of offspring overweight and obesity in groups of fathers aged 24-30 years and mothers aged 24-28 years was 1.11 (1.04-1.18) and 1.16 (1.08-1.24), respectively. When none parents were overweight and obese, the difference of obesity risk was not statistically significant. When both parents were overweight and obese, the OR(95%CI)of offspring overweight and obesity in groups of fathers aged 24-30 years and mothers aged 14-28 years old was 1.27 (1.00-1.62) and 1.33 (1.07-1.65) respectively. Conclusion: Parental reproductive age and parental overweight and obesity status may both increase the risk of overweight and obesity in offspring, with a significant interaction effect.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Fathers ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays an important role in protein degradation. The process of ubiquitination requires ubiquitin activating enzyme E1, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, and ubiquitin ligase E3 to complete the coordination. Our previous studies have shown that HUWE1 (HECT, UBA and WWE domain containing 1), as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, can degrade epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to inhibit renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. However, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes binding to HUWE1 are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to identify E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes of HUWE1. Real-time PCR was used to identify E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that may interact with HUWE1. The expression of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme was detected in kidney of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice and HK-2 cells treated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The results showed that the expressions of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2Q2 were significantly down-regulated at both RNA and protein levels in UUO kidneys. The expression of UBE2Q2 was also down-regulated in HK-2 cells stimulated with TGF-β, which was consistent with the change in the expression of HUWE1. These findings indicated that UBE2Q2 expression was synergistic with HUWE1 in the injured kidney. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments showed that HUWE1 interacted with UBE2Q2 in HK-2 cells. The co-localization of UBE2Q2 and HUWE1 was confirmed by cell immunofluorescence staining. After knocking down UBE2Q2 by siRNA, ubiquitin binding to HUWE1 and EGFR was decreased. In sum, our results demonstrated that UBE2Q2, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, works with HUWE1 to mediate ubiquitination and degradation of target protein in kidney.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; Mice ; Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/metabolism* ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism* ; Ubiquitination