Objective:To evaluate the short-term rehabilitation effect of wearable visual training devices based on extended reality (XR) glasses in patients after macular hole surgery.Methods:A self-controlled study was conducted.Eleven patients with monocular low vision after macular hole surgery were recruited at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from October 2022 to March 2024.All patients underwent biofeedback training for 3 months using the independently developed visual rehabilitation training glasses LOOKBON T10.The LogMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal sensitivity, effective fixation rate, fixation stability, reading speed, vertical metamorphopsia (MV), horizontal metamorphopsia (MH), and Chinese version of the visual-related quality of life assessment form (CVRQoL-25) were compared before and after training.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (No.WDRY2024-K263).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:After training, the patients' BCVA, retinal sensitivity, effective fixation rate, fixation stability, and reading speed were 0.69±0.19, (21.61±2.75)db, (92.43±4.06)%, (93.09±4.31)%, and (104.82±21.85) characters/minute, respectively, which were significantly improved compared to 0.85±0.28, (17.71±3.17)db, (31.83±19.05)%, (32.35±19.12)%, and (69.64±20.17) characters/minute before training ( t=5.253, -5.987, -11.561, -12.003, -11.682; all at P<0.001).After training, MV and MH were (0.29±0.20)° and (0.21±0.24)°, respectively, which were significantly reduced compared to pre-training (0.44±0.24)° and (0.43±0.41)° ( t=9.238, 4.068; both at P<0.01).After training, the CVRQoL-25 score was 1 193.18±229.43, which was significantly higher than pre-training 947.73±203.86 ( t=-11.687, P<0.001). Conclusions:The application of wearable visual training equipment based on XR glasses can effectively improve the visual function of patients with poor visual function recovery after macular hole surgery, and enhance their quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features of diagnosis and treatment of renal parenchymal invasive urothelial carcinoma.Methods:The clinical data of 23 patients with renal parenchymal invasive urothelial carcinoma admitted to Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2014 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 12 males and 11 females. The mean age was (67.3±10.1) years old. Among them, 7 cases complained of painless hematuria and 9 cases were asymptomatic. Three cases underwent preoperative MRI examination, 19 patients underwent preoperative enhanced CT examination, and 1 patient underwent both MRI and enhanced CT examination. MRI examination showed renal lobulated and other T1 mixed with T2 signals, the boundary was not clear, and DWI showed obvious restricted diffusion. The tumor was located on the left side in 15 cases and on the right side in 8 cases. Preoperative diagnosis was made by fine needle aspiration biopsy in 1 patient, and specimens were obtained by flexible ureteroscope in 2 patients. No tumor was reported. The preoperative diagnosis of 22 patients was unclear and the nature of the tumor could not be determined. One patient was considered to have urothelial carcinoma by fine needle aspiration. All patients were treated by surgery, including 20 cases of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and 3 cases of nephroureterectomy with bladder sleeve resection.Results:Postoperative pathological specimens showed yellow-white mass, high-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma invading renal parenchyma. Nine cases were T 3a stage, 14 cases were T 3b stage, and 5 cases were lymph node metastasis. The average postoperative follow-up time was (18.6±6.72)months, 2 patients were lost to follow-up, 8 patients died, and the overall mortality rate was 38.1%. Seven patients died of recurrence or metastasis. There were 3 cases of bladder recurrence and 5 cases of metastasis after operation. Conclusions:Renal parenchymal infiltrating urothelial carcinoma is difficult to diagnose in the early stage, with poor clinical biological behavior and poor overall prognosis. For patients diagnosed with renal parenchymal invasive urothelial carcinoma preoperatively, laparoscopic nephroureterectomy + bladder sleeve resection is recommended.

Objective Toevaluatetheinterventionaltherapeuticefficacyoflowerureteralstricturesandobstructionbyimplantation of"doubleGJ"stentsbytheguidewiretrackwithtwowaysjointofpercutaneousnephrocentesisandurethra.Methods 45caseswith malignanttumoroflowerureteralstrictureorobstructionweretreatedwithballooncatheterdilatation,andthenthe"doubleJ"tube wasimplantedusingpercutaneousnephrostomyandurethradoublepathguidedwireorbit.Postoperativeurinevolume,renalfunction, colordopplerultrasoundandCTfollowGupwereobservedandreviewedfor3－12monthsaftersurgery.Results Thesuccessfulrate oftheoperationwas100%(45/45),withtheureteralobstructionrelievedandtheclinicalsymptomsimproved.After7days,renal functionfullyrecoveredtonormalin39patients,andsignificantlyimprovedin6patients.Conclusion Implantationof "doubleGJ"stentsbytheguidewiretrackwithpercutaneousnephrocentesisandtransurethraldoublepathisasimple,effectiveandminimallyinvasive treatmentformalignantureteralstrictureandobstruction.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of tonifying kidney and removing stasis decoction combined with the traditional treatment in the treatment of 80 cases with chronic nephritis .Methods 80 patients with chronic nephritis were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the digital table ,40 cases in each group.The control group was given conventional western medicine treatment ,the observation group was given tonifying kidney and removing stasis decoction on the basis of the control group .The clinical effect of the two groups was compared.Results Compared with before treatment [(0.9 ±0.3) points,(0.7 ±0.3) points,(0.9 ± 0.3)points,(0.8 ±0.2)points,(1.7 ±0.8)g,(1.7 ±0.9)mmol/L,(5.7 ±1.4)mmol/L,(106.8 ±24.5)μmol/L, (8.0 ±2.6)mmol/L;(0.9 ±0.3)points,(0.7 ±0.2)points,(0.9 ±0.3)points,(0.9 ±0.3)points,(1.6 ± 0.3)g,(1.8 ±0.4)mmol/L,(5.8 ±1.3)mmol/L,(107.2 ±20.1)μmol/L,(7.9 ±2.2)mmol/L],the scores of edema,sore throat,backache and the symptoms such as dizziness anaemic and 24 h urine protein,triglyceride,total cholesterol,uric creatinine and urea nitrogen levels after treatment [(0.2 ±0.2)points,(0.3 ±0.2)points,(0.3 ± 0.2)points,(0.2 ±0.2)points,(0.9 ±0.5)g,(1.4 ±0.5)mmol/L,(4.7 ±1.2)mmol/L,(91.2 ±19.8)μmol/L, (6.0 ±1.8)mmol/L;(0.5 ±0.2) points,(0.5 ±0.2) points,(0.6 ±0.2) points,(0.5 ±0.2) points,(0.7 ± 0.2)g,(0.9 ±0.3)mmol/L,(4.2 ±0.8)mmol/L,(79.5 ±11.7)μmol/L,(4.1 ±1.2)mmol/L] were significantly decreased,the differences were statistically significant (t=6.231,6.342,6.411,6.125,5.023,5.112,3.147,1.225, 2.014,all P<0.05).And the improvements of the observation group were statistically better than those of the control group (t=5.145,4.223,5.021,4.301,6.821,6.014,2.011,0.365,1.136,all P<0.05).Conclusion Tonifying kidney and removing stasis decoction in the supplemental treatment of chronic nephritis has high efficacy ,can remove blood stasis , activate blood and greatly alleviate the symptoms , so this method can be widely used in clinical treatment.

Objective To establish a HPLC method for determination of 18β-isomer in magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate. Methods The determination was performed by Agilent Extend-C18 column ( 4. 6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm ) . Mobile phase consisted of 0. 1 mol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution ( adjusted to pH 7. 0 with potassium hydroxide )-acetonitrile (80︰20) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. The column temperature was 30 ℃, and the detection wavelength was set at 250 nm. Results The resolution of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate and 18β-isomer was greater than 2.0. The linear range of them was 0.41-2.46μg·mL-1( r=0.9998) , the detection limit was 0.21 ng, and the average recovery were 100.2%,99.1%, 110.2%,RSD were 0.9%,0.1%,0.2%(n=3). Conclusion The method is simple and accurate, and can be used for determination of 18β-isomer in magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate.

Antibody drugs often show "heterogeneity",including the related isomers differing from one another in glycosylation,charge or molecular size.Most of these isomers come from post-translational modifications,such as aggregation,degradation,glycosylation,oxidation,deamidation or disulfide misfolding,of the recombinant protein in the "cell factories".These modifications not only influence the quality,safety and efficacy of the antibodies,but also serve as an important indication of product quality throughout the whole process of antibody production.This paper reviews the relationship between glycoslation,charge and size heterogeneities of monoclonal antibodies and drug efficacy,safety,pharmacokinetics as well as immunogenicity,contributing to a better understanding of the relationship between antibody structure and function.It will provide some support and guidance for the research and development of antibody drugs,especially biosimilars.

Aim To establish the rat model of Spleen-Qi deficiency, analyse the metabolic pathways and investigate the connection between the changed urinary metabolites and Spleen-Qi deficiency, in order to explore the potential mechanisms of Spleen-Qi deficiency.Methods With the binding methods of diarrhea induced by bitter and cold, abnormal of starvation and excessive tiredness, the rat Spleen-Qi deficiency model was established.Then the activity of creatine phosphokinase(CPK) was detected.The endogenous metabolites in the urine were detected by NMR, and the data were analyzed with multivariate and statistical methods.Then the metabolites were selected that could be clearly distinct in the two groups with the fold change value(>1.2) and the P<0.05 of Student′s t-test.Both the pathway analysis and enrichment analysis were performed with Metabo Analyst 3.0.Results Compared with the normal rats, the activity of CPK decreased significantly in model rats(P<0.05).A significant separation appeared in the principal components analysis(PCA) score plot when the control group and the model group were compared, indicating that the Spleen-Qi deficiency model was successfully duplicated.The 33 differential metabolites, which mainly involved in the metabolic pathways, were distinguished from the comparision of Spleen-Qi deficiency model group and control group.The metabolic pathways was related to energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and disturbance of gut microbes.Conclusions The main energy metabolic pathways (tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis and liquid oxidation) may be disturbed in Spleen-Qi deficiency rats.The energy supply function is suppressed, which leads to the fatigue and weight loss in rats.

Objective To establish a method for simultaneous determination of petroleum ether (60-90 ℃),ethyl acetate,ethanol and pyridineas residual organic solvents in imatinib mesylate API. Methods Capillary gas chromatography was adopted.The determination was performed on DB-WAX capillary column with FID detector.The injector temperature was 180 ℃and the temperature of FID was 200 ℃ by temperature programming with nitrogen serving as carrier gas at a flow rate of 5 mL·min-1.The injection volume was 1 μL.With N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) serving as solvent,four kinds of organic solvent residues in the samples were calculated by external standard method. Results The four kinds of organic solvent were completely separated under the established chromatographic condition.A good linearity was obtained in the concentration ranges of them (r=0.999 8-0.999 9).The sampling precisions (RSDs) were less than 2.0%(n=5).The average recovery rates of ethyl acetate,ethanol and pyridine were 97%-101%and that of petroleum ether was 88.7%(RSD<2.0%,n=5).The limits of detection for them were 0.58,0.42,0.18 and 0.61 ng respectively(S/N=3:1).The limits of quantification for them were 1.8,2.1,0.5 and 2.5 ng,respectively (S/N=10:1). Conclusion The method is simple,sensitive,accurate and reliable.

BACKGROUND:The phenomenon of atrophy or reduction of muscle, causing degenerative changes of muscle functions, appears along with age. Sports training, in which muscle satelite cels are of great importance, is beneficial to increase in muscle mass and improvement of muscle function.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize regulatory mechanism of satelite cels in skeletal muscle mass; changes of satelite muscle cels in the degenerative process of muscle mass and strength; declining and reverse effects of sports training intervention; situations and problems of current research and prospective of the future.
METHODS:A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed database by using the key words of “sarcopenia, skeletal muscle, satelite cels” from 1986 to 2015. The language was limited to English. The eligible papers were further analyzed and reviewed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 168 papers were screened. Finaly, 39 papers were selected according to the titles and objectives. Skeletal muscle atrophy is shown as II type muscle fiber atrophy, and the II type muscle fiber satelite cel content decreases simultaneously. Exercise is beneficial to increase muscle mass and improve muscle function in older people. Both resistance and endurance trainings can increase the skeletal muscle, especialy the II muscle fiber satelite cel content with a further increase in the satelite cel activation and proliferation. The number and activation degree of satelite cels are related to muscle aging, and satelite cels and proliferation factors regulate muscle cel formation. Therefore, future researches should not only focus on the increase of satelite cel bank, but also explore effective ways to promote the activation of satelite cels, such as exercise training, nutrition and drugs.

Objective To explore the relationship between recurrent spontaneous abortion and the chromosome abnormality by analyzing the 394 couples′chromosome karyotypes.Methods Peripheral blood lymphocytes in 394 couples of recurrent spontane-ous abortion in Guangzhou area were cultured and performed the chromosome karyotype analysis.Results Among 394 couples of recrudescence abortion,41 cases (5.2%)of abnormal chromosome karyotypes were detected including 1 case(2.44%)of chromo-some number abnormality,8 cases (19.51 %)of balanced translocation,3 cases (7.32%)of Robertsonian translocation,1 case (2.44%)of chromosome inversion and 28 cases (68.29%)of chromosomal polymorphism.Conclusion The chromosomal abnor-mality is an important reason for recurrent spontaneous abortion.Recurrent spontaneous abortion is not only associated with anoma-lies of chromosome structure,and could have a certain relationship with chromosome polymorphism.