Objective:To explore the correlation between plasma sclerostin (SOST) and bone turnover markers and inflammatory factors in hemodialysis patients.Methods:One hundred and eight patients admitted to Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanhua University from January 2018 to May 2019 were selected. The levels of plasma SOST at admission and at 3, 6 and 12 months of dialysis were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. They were divided into low- SOSTgroup (56 cases) and high- SOSTgroup (52 cases) based on the mean value of SOST. The levels of serum bone turnover markers β-Ⅰ collagen carboxy-terminal peptide (β-CTX) and osteocalcin (OC), propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen (PINP), full parathyroid hormone (iPTH), N-terminal osteocalcin (N-MID-OC), inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were compared between the two groups, abdominal aortic calcification (ACC) score was performed, and Pearson linear correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between SOST level of hemodialysis patients and bone turnover markers, inflammatory factors and ACC scores.Results:The baseline levels of β-CTX, OC, PINP, iPTH, and N-MID-OC in the low- SOST group were higher than those in the high- SOST group: (976.03 ± 205.27) ng/L vs. (781.34 ± 150.45) ng/L, (175.31 ± 50.49) ng/L vs. (125.75 ± 40.17) ng/L, (321.45 ± 82.14) μg/L vs. (259.41 ± 75.36) μg/L, (345.26 ± 102.65) ng/L vs. (198.52 ± 45.71) ng/L, (19.96 ± 5.01) μg/L vs. (17.41 ± 4.23) μg/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The baseline levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CRP, TNF-α and ACC scores in the low- SOST group were higher than those in the high- SOST group: (19.31 ± 6.01) ng/L vs. (15.23 ± 4.75) ng/L, (76.85 ± 20.34) ng/L vs. (57.98 ± 15.02) ng/L, (8.15 ± 2.36) mg/L vs. (7.23 ± 1.79) mg/L, (178.37 ± 55.52) ng/L vs. (157.42 ± 10.15) ng/L, (5.96 ± 1.78) scores vs. (5.11 ± 1.15) scores, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After treated for 3, 6 and 12 months, the levels of β-CTX, OC, PINP, iPTH, N-MIC-OC in hemodialysis patients were increased, the level of SOST was decreased, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CRP, TNF-α increased and ACC scores were increased, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that SOST level and bone turnover markers β-CTX ( r = -0.465, P<0.001), OC( r = -0.498, P<0.001), PINP( r = -0.511, P<0.001), iPTH ( r = -0.396, P = 0.012), N-MID -OC ( r = -0.323, P = 0.031) and inflammatory factors IL-1β( r = -0.305, P = 0.046), IL-6( r = -0.318, P = 0.041), CRP( r = -0.327, P = 0.034) and TNF-α( r = -0.378, P = 0.024) in hemodialysis patients were negatively correlated, and negatively correlated with abdominal aortic calcification scores ( r = -0.301, P = 0.048). Conclusions:Plasma SOST level in hemodialysis patients is lower, which is negatively correlated with bone turnover markers, inflammatory factors, and calcification scores. Low SOST level can induce vascular calcification by mediating bone metabolism disorders and aggravating the body′s inflammatory response, and increase the risk of hemodialysis vascular calcification.