Objective To investigate the diagnostic value Tamm-Horsfall protein(THP)and osteopontin(OPN)in serum and 24-hour urine for urolithiasis.Methods A total of 101 patients with urolithiasis who underwent flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy at the Urology Department of Civil Aviation General Hospital from April 2020 to March 2023 were included as the stone group,and 50 healthy individuals were enrolled as the control group.The samples of serum and 24-hour urine samples were collected from both the groups,and the levels of THP and OPN were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between each biomarker and urolithiasis,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted to assess their diagnostic value.Results The stone group showed significantly lower THP levels(20.13[13.12,26.03]mg/d)and OPN levels(51.24[36.72,101.37]μg/d)in 24-hour urine,and THP levels(182.01[160.91,209.20]ng/mL)and OPN lev-els(18.76[15.72,22.48]ng/mL)in serum compared to the control group(all the P＜0.001).Binary Logistic regression analysis re-vealed that THP(OR=0.736,95％CI:0.606-0.895),OPN(OR=0.975,95％CI:0.958-0.993)and citrate(OR=0.067,95％CI:0.012-0.376)in 24-hour urine,and THP(OR=0.946,95％CI:0.908-0.986)and OPN(OR=0.896,95％CI:0.803-0.999)in ser-um were the protective factors for urolithiasis,while calcium level(OR=2.125,95％CI:1.243-3.633)24-hour urine was a risk factor(all the P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve(AUCROC)for the individual diagnosis of urolithiasis were 0.846,0.809,0.786,0.823,0.748,and 0.755 for the above six biomarkers,respectively.The AUCROC for the combined diagnosis u-sing THP+OPN in serum,THP+OPN in 24-hour urine and all the six biomarkers were 0.882,0.920 and 0.984,respectively,indica-ting better diagnostic performance.Conclusion The combined detection of the THP and OPN levels in serum and 24-hour urine may have good diagnostic value for urolithiasis and serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers.

Objective To summarize and explore the current state,hotspots,and trends in the field of surgical treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)over the past decade through a bibliometric and visualization analysis of relevant literature.Methods Relevant Chinese and English literature on the surgical treatment of ICH,published from January 1,2014 to April 1,2024,was retrieved and screened from CNKI and Web of Science databases.Visualization analysis was conducted using CiteSpace,VOSviewer,and other software to analyze the number of published papers,authors,countries,institutions,etc.Social network analysis diagrams of authors,keyword clustering network analysis diagrams,keyword burst strength,and keyword timeline maps were also utilized.Results(1)A total of 3 456 relevant papers were included,with 2 173 in Chinese and 1 283 in English.From 2014 to 2021,the annual number of Chinese publications on ICH surgery was higher than that of English publications,but the number of Chinese publications began to decline from 2016.The number of English publications showed an overall increasing trend.(2)A total of 6 367 authors were identified from the English literature,with notable collaboration networks led by researchers such as Mocco J,Hanley DF,Ziai WC,You C,and Tang ZP.The Chinese literature included 6 522authors,with prominent collaboration networks led by Wang LK,Cai Q,Ku HB,Zhang S,and Zhu SQ.(3)Analysis of the countries involved in the English literature showed that 31 countries participated in research on ICH surgery,with China leading in the number of publications(505),followed by the United States(330)and Germany(106).The top three countries in centrality were the United States(0.32),China(0.16),and Canada(0.11).The top three institutions in English literature publications were Johns Hopkins University(51 papers),Ohio State University(39 papers),and Harvard University(38 papers).In China,Sichuan University(32 papers),Huazhong University of Science and Technology(30 papers),and Capital Medical University(27 papers)had multiple English publications;Wuhan University People's Hospital(15 papers),Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University(13 papers),and Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University(13 papers)had multiple Chinese publications.There was close collaboration among research institutions in the English literature,whereas Chinese researchers often established research teams within their medical units with relatively less collaboration between teams.(4)Research on ICH surgery primarily focused on surgical methods,complications,and comprehensive perioperative treatment.Research hotspots included hypertensive ICH,minimally invasive surgical techniques,and perioperative management and treatment."neuroendoscopy"was the most recent emergent keyword in Chinese literature with high centrality and the strongest burst strength,while"randomized trial"had the highest burst strength in English literature.Research trends included the integration of artificial intelligence with minimally invasive techniques to optimize ICH surgery management and treatment strategies,analysis of risk factors,and evaluation of imaging value.Conclusions Over the past decade,the overall publication volume on the surgical treatment of ICH has been in a stable development phase,with research directions covering surgical techniques,diagnosis and treatment,evaluation,and management.Core research teams led by key authors were the main contributors to the publications.Future research hotspots and trends in ICH surgery may include the optimization of surgical techniques,complication management,large-scale multicenter clinical trials and integration of artificial intelligence with minimally invasive techniques.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To explore the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on interleukin-33 (IL-33)/growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (ST2) signaling pathway in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of rats modeling hyperalgesia (HP).Methods:This study consisted of two experiments. In the first, 30 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a Sham-HP group, an HP group, an antibody group and an inhibitor group, each of 6. HP was induced in all except the rats of the blank and Sham-HP groups by injecting carrageenan (Car) and prostaglandin E2 subcutaneously at the bottom of the left hind feet. The antibody and inhibitor groups were then given intrathecal injections of anti-ST2 antibody and a tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-specific inhibitor, respectively. In the second experiment, 42 SD rats were randomly divided into a Sham-HP group, an HP group, a TENSⅠgroup, a TENS II group, a TENS I inhibitor group, a TENS II inhibitor group, and a Sham-TENS group, each of 6. All of the groups had HP induced as in experiment one. All of the rats except those in the Sham-HP, HP and Sham-TENS groups were then given TENS, and the TENS I and II inhibitor groups were offered intrathecal injection of TNF-α-specific inhibitors. Mechanical pain thresholds (MPTs) were documented 4h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 6d, 7d 4h, 7d 1h, and 7d after the Car injections. Western blotting was used to measure the protein expressions of IL-33, ST2 and TNF-α 6d after the Car injection in both experiments.Results:In experiment one, the average MPTs of the HP, antibody and inhibitor groups had decreased significantly 4 hours after the Car injection compared with the blank and Sham-HP groups. However, 7d 1h after the Car injection the value had increased significantly in the Sham-HP, antibody and inhibitor groups compared with the HP group, while the expressions of IL-33, ST2 and TNF-α had decreased significantly. In experiment two, by 4 hours after the Car injection, the average MPT of all the other groups had decreased significantly compared with the Sham-HP group. Moreover, by 7d 1h after the Car injection, the average MPTs of the groups receiving TENS had increased significantly, with significantly lower MPT in the TENS Ⅱ group than in group Ⅰ, on average. There was also significantly higher expression of IL-33, ST2 and TNF-α in group II. Compared with the TENS Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups, the average MPT was significantly higher in the TENS I and Ⅱ inhibitor groups, but IL-33, ST2 and TNF-α expression was lower.Conclusions:TENS can inhibit TNF-α expression, which influences the signals of the DRG IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway to reverse hyperalgesia. TENS combined with anti-TNF-α treatment is superior to TENS alone in treating hyperalgesia.

Abstract Allergic diseases can occur in all systems of the body, covering the whole life cycle, from children to adults and to old age, can be lifelong onset and even fatal in severe cases. Children account for the largest proportion of the victims of allergic disease, Children s allergies start from scratch, ranging from mild to severe, from less to more, from single to multiple systems and systemic performance, so the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children is of great importance, which can not only prevent high risk allergic conditions from developing into allergic diseases, but also further block the process of allergy. At present, there is no consensus on the management system of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools. The "Consensus on Allergy Management and Prevention in Kindergartens and Primary Schools", which includes the organizational structure, system construction and management of allergic children, provides evidence informed recommendations for the long term comprehensive management of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools, and provides a basis for the establishment of the prevention system for allergic children.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and gene variation characteristics of children with dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 (DYNC1H1) gene associated spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominant (SMALED) 1. Methods: The clinical data of 4 SMALED1 children admitted to Peking University First Hospital from December 2018 to May 2021, who were found to have pathogenic variation of DYNC1H1 gene through genetic testing, except for other genes known to be related to motor retardation, were retrospectively summarized to analyze the phenotype and genotype characteristics. Results: There were 3 males and 1 female. The age of onset was 1 year, 1 day, 1 day and 4 months, respectively. The age of diagnosis was 4 years and 10 months, 9 months, 5 years and 9 months, and 3 years and 1 month, respectively. The clinical manifestations were muscle weakness and muscular atrophy of lower limbs, 2 cases with foot deformity, 1 case with early non progressive joint contracture, 1 case with hip dislocation and 1 case with mental retardation. De novo heterozygous missense variations in DYNC1H1 gene were found in all 4 children. According to the rating of American College of medical genetics and genomics, they were all possible pathogenic and pathogenic variations, with p.R598C, p.P776L, p.Y1109D variations had been reported, and p.I1086R variation had not been reported. Conclusions: For those with unexplained lower limb muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, joint contracture and foot deformity, upper limb motor ability related retention, with or without mental retardation, as well as the motor ability progresses slowly, it is necessary to consider the possibility of SMALED1 and the detection of DYNC1H1 gene when necessary.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Retrospective Studies ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/genetics* ; Lower Extremity ; Muscle Weakness ; Muscular Atrophy ; Contracture ; Cytoplasmic Dyneins/genetics*

Objective To analyze the genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in the newly reported HIV-infected men in Guangxi. Methods The stratified random sampling method was employed to select the newly reported HIV-infected men aged≥50 years old in 14 cities of Guangxi from January to June in 2020.The pol gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced.The mutation sites associated with drug resistance and the degree of drug resistance were then analyzed. Results A total of 615 HIV-infected men were included in the study.The genetic subtypes of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC accounted for 57.4% (353/615),17.1% (105/615),and 22.4% (138/615),respectively.The mutations associated with the resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI),and protease inhibitors occurred in 8 (1.3%),18 (2.9%),and 0 patients,respectively.M184V (0.7%) and K103N (1.8%) were the mutations with the highest occurrence rates for the resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs,respectively.Twenty-two (3.6%) patients were resistant to at least one type of inhibitors.Specifically,4 (0.7%),14 (2.3%),4 (0.7%),and 0 patients were resistant to NRTIs,NNRTIs,both NRTIs and NNRTIs,and protease inhibitors,respectively.The pretreatment resistance to NNRTIs had much higher frequency than that to NRTIs (2.9% vs.1.3%;χ²=3.929,P=0.047).The prevalence of pretreatment resistance to lamivudine,zidovudine,tenofovir,abacavir,rilpivirine,efavirenz,nevirapine,and lopinavir/ritonavir was 0.8%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.8%, 2.9%, and 0, respectively. Conclusions CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC are the three major strains of HIV-infected men≥50 years old newly reported in Guangxi,2020,and the pretreatment drug resistance demonstrates low prevalence.
Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; Mutation ; HIV-1/genetics* ; Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Genotype

Objective:To learn about the changes of the condition of coal-burning-borne endemic arsenism, the use of improved stoves and the formation of health-related behaviors in Shaanxi Province, and evaluate the effect of prevention and control measures.Methods:From 2015 to 2020, according to the "Implementation Plan for Monitoring Coal-burning-borne Endemic Arsenism in Shaanxi Province", regular field surveys were carried out in 4 natural villages, 2 counties in Ankang City and Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, to learn about the basic prevention and control situation in the monitoring village. Using the simple random sampling method, 10 families in each village were selected to investigate the use of stoves and the formation of health-related behaviors, and 5 of these families were selected to collect coal samples for arsenic content determination in accordance with the "Determination of Arsenic in Coal" (GB/T 3058-2008). According to the "Diagnosis of Endemic Arsenicosis" (WS/T 211-2015), the condition of the people exposed to high arsenic coal in the monitoring village was investigated. Urine samples of 30 adult patients (half males and half females) with arsenic poisoning were collected, the content of arsenic in urine was determined by the "Urine-Determination of Arsenic-Silver Diethyldithiocarbamate-Triethanolamine-Spectrophotometric Method" (WS/T 28-1996).Results:A total of 240 households were monitored in the past 6 years, and the quality conformance and correct utilization rates of improved stoves in the households monitored in the disease areas remained at 100.00% in 2018 - 2020. The utilization rate of clean energy increased from 75.00% (30/40) in 2015 to 100.00% (40/40) in 2018 - 2020 (χ 2trend = 25.5, P < 0.001). The 73.75% (177/240) of households using a variety of clean energy. From 2018 to 2020, the correct drying, storage and pre-processing washing rates of corn and pepper continued to reach 100.00% (40/40). The arsenic content of coal ( n = 120) in the disease areas was (118.09 ± 57.91) mg/kg, ranging from 16.70 to 280.94 mg/kg. The detection rate of arsenic poisoning decreased from 6.34% (231/3 646) in 2015 to 2.90% (109/3 754) in 2020 (χ 2trend = 121.8, P < 0.001), and no skin cancer or Bowen's disease was detected. The geometric mean of arsenic content in urine ( n = 720) was 0.038 1 mg/L, ranging from 0.000 5 to 0.312 9 mg/L. Conclusions:The condition of coal-burning-borne endemic arsenism areas in Shaanxi Province has reached the national elimination standard. The quality and correct utilization rate of improved stoves and the rate of using clean energy have increased. The healthy-related behaviors the people in the endemic areas have been basically formed. The prevention and control work has achieved good results.

Objective     To explore the clinical effect of hemoperfusion (HP) in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on postoperative inflammation in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (AAD). Methods    Adult patients with AAD who planned to undergo total aortic arch replacement from July 2020 to November 2021 were continuously enrolled in our heart center. Patients were randomly divided into a HP group and a control (C) group. The HP group was treated with disposable HP device (Model: HA380, Zhuhai Jafron Biomedical, China) in CPB during the operation. Results    Finally,  70 patients were included with 59 males and 11 females at an age range of 21-67 years. There were 35 patients in both groups. In this study, 3 patients died within 3 days after surgery, 2 in the HP group and 1 in the C group, and the remaining 67 patients survived to the follow-up end point (30 days after surgery). There was no statistical difference in preoperative baseline data, operative method, CPB time, block time, or other intraoperative data between the two groups. Blood product dosage, intubation time, hospital stays, and hospitalization expenses were similar between the two groups. Intraoperative hemoglobin (82.70±2.31 g/L vs. 82.50±1.75 g/L, P=0.954] and platelet concentration [(77.87±7.99)×109/L vs.(89.17±9.99)×109/L, P=0.384] were not statistically different between the HP group and C group. In the HP group, postoperative (ICU-12 h) interleukin-6 (IL-6) [338.14 (128.00, 450.70) pg/mL vs. 435.75 (180.50, 537.00) pg/mL, P=0.373], IL-8 [35.04 (18.02, 40.35) pg/mL vs. 43.50 (17.70, 59.95) pg/mL, P=0.383], and IL-10 [21.19 (6.46, 23.50) pg/mL vs. 43.41 (6.34, 50.80) pg/mL, P=0.537] were slightly lower than those in the C group, and the difference was not statistically different. The incidences of pulmonary infection (0.00% vs. 11.76%, P=0.042) and liver injury (2.94% vs. 20.58%, P=0.027) in the HP group were significantly lower than those in the C group, and the incidence of other postoperative complications, such as arrhythmia, nervous system complications and urinary system complications, showed no statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusion     HP therapy in CPB is safe, but its effect on reducing postoperative inflammatory factors, postoperative inflammatory reactions and postoperative complications in the patients with AAD is limited, and it may be of application value to some high-risk patients with lung and liver injury.

OBJECTIVE: To study the use of Chinese medicine (CM) in cancer patients in southern China. METHODS: A total of 1,950 cancer patients finished questionnaires in four provinces in southern China. The survey included socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of participants, dosage forms, efficacy, and side effects. RESULTS: The study results showed that cancer patients with higher education (>12 years) were more likely to accept the treatment of Chinese herbs. There were 54.61% (1,065 cases) of patients chose Chinese herbs for the initial treatment and 14.46% (282 cases) chose Chinese herbs as monotherapy. Most patients (54.51%, 1,063 cases) continuously used CM for more than 6 months, and a few of them (212 cases) used CM for up to 3 years. All kinds of dosage forms of CM had been used, including CM decoction, CM patent prescription and CM injection. Concerning the efficacy in the view of patients, 40.31% (786 cases) believed that it would be effective to take Chinese herbs before they starting the anti-cancer treatment, and the percentage increased to 81.08% after 1-month CM treatment. The effect of Chinese herbs was mainly demonstrated by symptom relief and improvement of quality of life, and 8.31% (162 cases) of patients experienced control of tumor growth and decreased tumor markers. Furthermore, only 14.31% (279 cases) participants reported that they experienced side effects during CM treatment. CONCLUSION This large scale investigation reflects the current situation of domestic CM usage objectively and comprehensively, which might provide new ways for cancer treatment.